2018-2019学年高二英语上学期第一阶段考试试卷(含解析).doc

2018-2019学年高二英语上学期第一阶段考试试卷(含解析)第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节：语法和词汇知识（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.- We had really wet November this year.- I cant remember autumn when it rained so much.A. 不填 B. 不填; theC. the; an D. a; an【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：今年我们过了一个非常潮湿的十一月。我不记得以前有这么多雨的秋天。第一空指一个潮湿的秋天，用a.第二空表示“一个”，autumn开头是元音音标，用an.故选D.2.These years, Chinas agriculture has been developing steadily, thus light industry with ample raw materials.A. to provide B. providesC. providing D. provided【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，中国农业稳步发展，为轻工业提供了充足的原材料。句中主语Chinas agriculture和动词provide是主动关系，此处做结果状语用动词-ing形式，故选C.3.- Im still working on my project.- Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is .A. running out B. giving outC. using up D. losing out【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我还在做我的项目。哦,你即将错过最后期限了。时间不多了。A. running out用完，耗完；B. giving out分发，发表；C. using up用完；D. losing out输掉，失败。表示“用完”，run out的主语是物，use up的主语是人。此处主语是Time用run out，是进行时表将来。故选A.4.- What does the model plane look like?- Well the wings of the plane are of its body.A. more than the length twice B. twice more than the lengthC. more than twice the length D. more twice than the length【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查倍数的表达：句意：-这个模型飞机是什么样？-飞机的翅膀是身体的两倍多。使用：倍数+the +名词+of，这个结构，more than是修饰倍数的，放在前面，选C。考点：考查倍数的表达5.- Johnson is said to be the first young teacher professor in your university this year.- Exactly. of his own petence is an important factor in his success.A. promoted; Convinced B. to have been promoted; ConvincedC. promoted; Being convinced D. to have been promoted; Being convinced【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。第一空前的名词teacher被the first修饰，一般只能用不定式作定语，排除A和C。第二空作主语，故要用动名词短语，be convinced of sth.“对有信心”。句意：约翰逊据说是今年你们大学晋级教授的第一位年轻教师。真的。他对自己竞争力的确信是他成功的一个重要因素。故选D。6.The singers flight was due to bad weather, resulting in the show .A. put out; to be canceled B. put aside; to be canceledC. put off; being canceled D. put away; being canceled【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语及非谓语动词 。句意，由于坏的天气，这位歌手的飞机被延期了，导致了演出被取消。put out灭火put off延期，故第一个空用put off；第二个空，表示正在进行，且cancel与其逻辑主语“the show”之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动式，故选C项。考点考查动词短语及非谓语动词:7.With your help, there is no doubt our plan is meant for will work out successfully.A. what; that B. whether; thatC. that; whether D. that; what【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在你的帮助下，毫无疑问，我们的计划意味着这个问题将被成功解决。there is no doubt后是一个同位语从句，doubt用在否定句中，从句用that引导；_ our plan is meant for是同位语从句中的主语从句，缺少for的宾语，用what引导。故选D.【点睛】Thereisnodoubtthat是一个固定句式，意思是“毫无疑问”，that引导的是同位语从句。doubt的用法还有havenodoubtthat,thereissome/much/littledoubt等。doubt还可以后接宾语从句。如：Thereisnodoubtthatheisanhonestman.Ihavenodoubtthatyouwillsucceed.注意：不管是在同位语从句中还是在宾语从句中，在否定句中，doubt后面接that从句，而在肯定句中，通常接whether引导的从句。如：Thereisnodoubtthathewillagreewithus.Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewilletothisactivitytomorrow.8. to the gift was a note on which he expressed his gratitude for our reception during his stay here.A. Being attached B. AttachingC. Attached D. having attached【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：礼物上附着一张纸条，在上面他对在这里受到的接待表示感谢。句中a note和动词attach是被动关系，此句是被动语态，是倒装结构，正常结构是 a note was attached to the gift,过去分词放在了句首。故选C.9.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A. that B. oneC. him D. it【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：如果你正在看最喜欢的电视节目，有人走进来，一声不吭就关掉电视，你会怎么想?It作形式宾语，指代if后面的句子，would like后缺少宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当。故选D.【点睛】一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如In fact, I still find it hard to make good friends with her.it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。如：I think it is convenient to e at two. 我认为两点钟来较适合。Even now I find it hard to believe her story. 即使现在我发现仍相信她的话。I find it difficult to talk to you. 我觉得同你谈话很难。10.It is widely believed that China has been into a more prosperous and advanced country in the last century.A. transformed B. transferredC. shifted D. transmitted【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，在上个世纪，中国已经变成了一个更加繁荣和发达的国家。A. transformed转换；B. transferred转换，转移；C. shifted移动，转移；D. transmitted传输，传播。transfer,与transform都有转换的意思，transfer指的是转换工作,学习,搬迁等外在的改变，而物体自身并没有变。而transform是指物体本身的改变。shift表示变动时，多指位置、方向、及方式的改变。此处指国家本身的改变，故选A.11.The pregnant woman worker tried to to the manager that laying her off was unfair.A. point out B. pointC. point to D. point at【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那位怀孕的女工试图向经理指出解雇她是不公平的。A. point out指出，指明；B. point指向；C. point to指向，表明；D. point at指向，指示。句中to the manager可以省略，表示“指出”，故选A.12.If you my advice, you how to solve the problem now.A. had taken; would have known B. had taken; would knowC. took; would have known D. took; would know【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你当时听了我的劝告，你现在就知道如何解决这个问题了。此处是虚拟语气，if从句表示与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时。主句表示与现在的事实相反，用would/should/could/might+动词原形。故选B.【点睛】虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，要区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。此处从句指过去的事实，如果当初努力学习，主句和现在事实相反，指现在就是工程师了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句现在事实是他不认识她，主句与过去事实相反，指他没去问候。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。从句与过去相反指今年下雨很多，主句与现在情况相反指庄稼没有长好。13.On hearing the news, she rushed out without hesitation, her handbag on the sofa and in the distance.A. left; lied; disappeared B. leaving; lying; disappearedC. leaving; laying; disappearing D. left; lying; disappearing【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：听到这个消息，她毫不犹豫地冲了出去，把手提包落在沙发上，消失在远方。句中she和动词leave是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，handbag和lie是主动关系，表示动作正在进行，用lying. and连接句中的并列谓语，和rushed一致，也用过去式disappeared.故选B.14.People nowadays are very about the problems with environmental pollution.A. concerned; concerned B. concerning; concernedC. concerning; concerning D. concerned; concerning【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：现在人们非常关心和环境污染有关的问题。第一空表示“关心”，是动词短语be concerned about,第二空表示“有关的”，用形容词concerned作定语。故选A.15.- May I take your order now?- .A. Yes, my affairs are in order B. Yes, Id like a dish of beefC. No, it isnt my order D. No, I dont subscribe to it【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：现在可以点菜了吗?是的，我想要一盘牛肉。此对话发生在饭店点菜时，故选B.第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Human growth is a process of experimentation, trial, and error eventually leading to wisdom. Each time you choose to trust yourself and take action, you can never quite be certain how the situation will _16_ .Sometimes you are victorious, and sometimes you bee disappointed. The_17_ experiments, however, are no less valuable than the experiments that finally prove successful; in fact, you_18_ learn more from your “failures” than you do from your _19_ . If you have made what you think to be a mistake or failed to live up to your own _20_ , you will most likely put up a barrier between your essence and the part of you that is the alleged (声称的) wrong-doer.However, viewing past actions as _21_ implies guilt and blame, and it is not possible to learn anything meaningful while you are engaged in blaming. _22_ , forgiveness is required when you are severely judging yourself. Forgiveness is the act of erasing an_23_ debt. There are four kinds of forgiveness.The first is beginner forgiveness for yourself. The second kind of forgiveness is beginner forgiveness for another.The third kind of forgiveness is _24_ forgiveness of yourself. This is for serious misbehaviors, the ones you carry with deep _25_ . When you do something that violates your own values and principles, you create a gap between your standards and your actual _26_ .In such a case, you need to work very hard at _27_yourself for these deeds so that you can close this gap. This does not _28_ that you should rush to forgive yourself or shouldnt feel regret, _29_taking pleasure in these feelings for a prolonged（延长）period of time is not healthy.The _30_and perhaps most difficult one of the advanced forgiveness of another. At some time of our life, you may have been severely wronged or hurt by another person to such a degree that forgiveness seems _31_ .However, harboring（心怀）anger and revenge fantasies only keeps you _32_ in victimhood. （受害状态）. Under such a circumstance, you should force yourself to see the bigger picture. By doing do, you will be able to_33_ the focus away from the anger and resentment. It is only through forgiveness that you can erase wrongdoing and _34_ the memory. When you can _35_ release the situation, you may e to see it as a necessary part of your growth.16. A. turn up B. turn out C. break up D. break out17. A. important B. engaged C. failed D. successful18. A. obviously B. necessarily C. continuously D. usually19. A. success B. failure C. fault D. benefit20. A. ability B. expectations C. belief D. experiences21. A. mistakes B. victories C. experiments D. fantasies22. A. Still B. Therefore C. Instead D. However23. A. abnormal B. original C. emotional D. unusual24. A. ordinary B. advanced C. alternative D. certain25. A. wisdom B. mercy C. injury D. shame26. A. thought B. approach C. behavior D. purpose27. A. punishing B. forgiving C. blaming D. praising28. A. mean B. prove C. reflect D. represent29. A. and B. or C. but D. so30. A. uncertain B. previous C. next D. last31. A. unbelievable B. unavoidable C. impossible D. valuable32. A. trapped B. located C. lost D. occupied33. A. drive B. drag C. put D. shift34. A. keep B. refresh C. weaken D. clean35. A. naturally B. finally C. definitely D. initially【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. B【解析】人生充满了尝试与错误，一次失败不代表你就出局了，我们应该怀有一颗宽宥之心，无论对人还是对己，犯错并不可怕，可怕的是不吸取教训弥补不足。【16题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. turn up出现；B. turn out发生，结果是；C. break up打碎；D. break out爆发。句意：每次你选择相信自己，开始采取行动时，你都不可能完全确定情况会如何发展。表示情况发生，故选B.【17题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. important主要的；B. engaged忙碌的；C. failed失败的；D. successful成功的。此处指失败的实验比最终被证明是成功的实验更有价值，和成功的实验对比，指失败的实验。下文learn more from your “failures”给了提示，故选C.【18题详解】考查副词辨析。A. obviously明显地；B. necessarily必要地；C. continuously继续地；D. usually通常地。此处指你通常从失败里学到的比在成功里学到的更多，表示一般情况，故选D.【19题详解】考查名词辨析。A. success成功；B. failure失败；C. fault错误；D. benefit利益。此处指你从失败里学到的比在成功里学到的更多，和“failures”形成对比，故选A.【20题详解】考查名词辨析。A. ability能力；B. expectations期望；C. belief信念；D. experiences经历。句意：如果你自责犯了一个错误或辜负了自己的期望，你将很可能在你成功和失败之间竖起一道屏障。此处指自己的期望，故选B.【21题详解】考查名词辨析。A. mistakes错误；B. victories胜利；C. experiments实验；D. fantasies梦想。句意：然而，把过去的行为看成错误意味着内疚和责备，当你在责备的时候，你不可能学到任何有意义的东西。表示把过去的行为看成错误，故选A.【22题详解】考查副词辨析。A. Still仍旧；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead代替；D. However然而。上句：当你在责备的时候，你不可能学到任何有意义的东西。下句：当你苛刻要求自己的时候，宽恕是必要的。上下句是因果关系，故选B.【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. abnormal反常的；B. original原始的；C. emotional情绪的；D. unusual不寻常的。此处指宽恕是一种消除情感负担的行为，表示情感负担，故选C.【24题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. ordinary普通的；B. advanced高级的，先进的；C. alternative供选择的；D. certain确定的。此处指第三种宽恕是对自己的高级宽恕，表示“高级的”，故选B.【25题详解】考查名词辨析。A. wisdom智慧；B. mercy仁慈；C. injury伤害；D. shame羞耻。此处指对自己的高级宽恕是最重要的，是随时记住的，当你深深地感到羞耻，违反了自己的价值观和伦理之间的鸿沟时，这是你自己的标准，你的实际行为，故选D.【26题详解】考查名词辨析。A. thought思想；B. approach方法；C. behavior行为；D. purpose目的。此处指当你深深地感到羞耻，违反了自己的价值观和伦理之间的鸿沟时，这是你自己的标准，你的实际行为。表示实际的行为，故选C.【27题详解】考查动词辨析。A. punishing惩罚；B. forgiving原谅；C. blaming责备；D. praising赞扬。句意：在这种情况下，你要努力的原谅自己的行为以至于你能填满与最好的自己的鸿沟。指原谅自己，故选B.【28题详解】考查动词辨析。A. mean意味着；B. prove证明；C. reflect反映；D. represent代表。这并不意味着你应该急于原谅自己而不感到后悔或自责，表示意味着，故选A.【29题详解】考查连词辨析。A. and和；B. or或者；C. but但是；D. so所以。句意：这并不意味着你应该急于原谅自己而不感到后悔或自责，但是很长一段时间总沉溺于这些感觉是没有意义的，惩罚自己过度只会给你和你的道德制造更大的隔阂。前后句表转折，故选C.【30题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. uncertain不确定的；B. previous以前的；C. next下一个的；D. last最后的。句意：最后，比较难得就是再次被人原谅，故选D.【31题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. unavoidable不可避免的；C. impossible不可能的；D. valuable有价值的。有时候在我的生活中，你可能受到另一个人的严重伤害，这种伤害似乎是不可原谅的。指原谅是不可能的，故选C.【32题详解】考查动词辨析。A. trapped使陷入困境；B. located处于；C. lost失去的；D. occupied已占用的。怀着怨恨和复仇幻想只让你一直成为受害者，指陷入受害状态，故选A.【33题详解】考查动词辨析。A. drive开车；B. drag拖；C. put放；D. shift转移。通过这样做你必须强迫自己看到更大的图景，你可以转移你的注意力，不至于沉溺于怒火和仇恨之中。表示转移注意力，故选D.【34题详解】考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. refresh更新；C. weaken削弱；D. clean清理。只有通过宽恕，你才能忘却过错，清理那些不堪的记忆。表示清理记忆，故选D.【35题详解】考查副词辨析。A. naturally自然地；B. finally最后地；C. definitely清楚地；D. initially最初。当你终于可以释放时，你会认为这是你成长的必要的一部分。表示最后释放，故选B.第三部分：阅读理解（共 15 题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Oh, the places youll go!When it es to habitat, human beings are creatures of habit. It has been known for a long time that, whether his habitat is a village, a city or, for real globe-trotters (周游世界者), the planet itself, an individual person generally visits the same places regularly. The details, though, have been surprisingly obscure. Now, thanks to an analysis of data collected from 40,000 smartphone users around the world, a new property of humanitys lootive (移动的) habits has been revealed.It turns out that someones “location capacity”, the number of places which he or she visits regularly, remains constant over periods of months and years. What constitutes a “place” depends on what distance between two places makes them separate. But analyzing movement patterns helps illuminate the distinction and the researchers found that the average location capacity was 25. If a new location does make its way into the set of places an individual tends to visit, an old one drops out in response. People do not, in other words, gather places like collector cards. Rather, they cycle through them. Their geographical behavior is limited and predictable, not fancy-free.The study demonstrating this, just published in Nature Human Behavior, does not offer any explanation for the limited location capacity it measures. But a statistical analysis carried out by the authors shows that it cannot be explained solely by constraints on time. Some other factor is at work. One of the researchers draws an analogy. He suggests that peoples cognitive capacity limits the number of places they can visit routinely, just as it limits the number of other people an individual can routinely socialize with. That socialization figure, about 150 for most people, is known as the Dunbar number, after its discoverer, Robin Dunbar.Lehmann says his group is now in search of similar data from other primates (灵长目动物), in an attempt to work out where human patterns of mobility have their roots. For those, though, they will have to rely on old-fashioned methods of zoological observation unless they can work out a way to get chimpanzees to carry smartphones.36. The underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by .A. clear B. little knownC. accurate D. long forgotten37. How can the researchers get similar data from other primates?A. Observe the primates or let them carry smartphones.B. Work together with Robin Dunbar.C. Carry out statistical analysis.D. Publish essays in Nature Human Behavior.【答案】36. B 37. A【解析】【分析】通过搜集大量智能手机用户的数据，研究者得出一个人通常会定期访问相同的地方，这与人的位置能力有关，动物也是如此。【36题详解】猜测词义题。研究表明一个人通常会定期访问相同的地方，尽管细节还出人意料地模糊不清。上句是人们得出的结论，下句是数据的来源。句中though 表示意思转折，“obscure”指模糊不清的，与little known同义，故选B.【37题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段For those, though, they will have to rely on old-fashioned methods of zoological observation unless they can work out a way to get chimpanzees to carry smartphones.可知人们研究其他灵长类动物，可以通过让黑猩猩携带智能手机或依靠老式的动物学观察方法得到数据。故选A.【点睛】词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。下面结合文本及近几年高考试题，对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。2.根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now plete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and theyre very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。BIn modern society, it is usually considered good to be an extroverted(外向的) person. This means that life can be hard for introverted people. Their talents and abilities are often not recognized.Some people often try to make introverts more outgoing. They think that being an introvert is a problem. But there is nothing wrong about being an introvert. Introverts are not necessarily afraid of meeting and talking to others. They simply prefer to spend time on their own, away from the crowds. They like reading, writing and taking walks in the countryside. But extroverts need other people. If they spend a lot of time on their own, they get bored. They tend to be impulsive and talk a lot.Our society puts a lot of pressure on people to be extrovert, to be outgoing and self-confident on every occasion. Susan Cain, the author of the book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Cant Stop Talking, has spoken about this problem. “I was nine years old,” Cain says. “In my suitcase there were lots of books. This seemed normal to me, because in our family we always read a lot. I thought it would be the same at summer camp. But I was wrong. To create camp spirit, all the children had to sing a cheer every morning. I couldnt understand why. In the evening, I took out a book from my suitcase. But another girl said, why are you being so quiet? The second time I took out a book, the counselor(辅导员) came to see me. She told me to remember the camp spirit and that it was important to be outgoing.”At work, extroverts often do well. At job interviews, it is usually good to appear extrovert. It suggests that you will be good at the job. But it is wrong to think that only extroverts are good leaders. Introverts work in different ways to extroverts, but they can still do really great things. Darwin, for example, was a quiet, family man. He often took long walks so that he could think clearly. But Darwins ideas about evolution were revolutionary.Introverts must understand that it is perfectly okay to be the way they are. It is not necessary to want to be the center of attention. You dont have to take part in noisy, social activities if you dont want to. And it is not necessary to try to bee more outgoing.38. This sentence “Introverts are generally misunderstood.” should be put at the beginning of Paragraph .A. Two B. ThreeC. Four D. Five39. Paragraph 3 is constructed by means of .A. analyzing reasons B. giving examplesC. listing arguments D. paring facts40. What can we infer from the passage?A. The talents and abilities of extroverts are usually ignored.B. Some introverts feel caught between nature and social pressure.C. Only extroverts are good leaders with better interpersonal skills.D. It is necessary for introverts to try to bee more outgoing.【答