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What is happiness to you一、阅读理解。According to a historian，uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students.Statistical reports state that only 15% of primary schools and around 10% of secondary schools in the United States have strictly carried out the uniform policy.In recent times it has bee the most debated topic among parents and educators，with many critics stating the fact that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student nor does it considerably reduce inequality among the masses.Students are instructed to follow certain rules：for boys，pants，shirts with turtlenecks，sweaters and jackets are acceptable，while in some schools，shorts are strictly forbidden；similarly，for girls，long skirts，blouses，pants and flatheeled shoes are acceptable.School uniforms in other countries such as Thailand，Indonesia，India and Pakistan were introduced during the British colonial period.In these countries，girls in senior schools usually wear broad trousers and boys wear pants and shirts.In preschool though，girls wear skirts and blouses and boys wear short pants and shirts.In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system.The dress sense closely resembled that of the English students.The purpose of a school uniform is to promote team spirit，discipline and increase equality among all students.Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section，critics have a different story to say.According to them，uniforms have no such great effect on students.This standardized dress has not helped students remove any barriers and is adding costs to the parents.In many countries，though students wearing uniforms has produced some positive results，in the United States，the implementation(实施)requires a lot of efforts before we can achieve full success.1What does the underlined word “masses” in the second paragraph refer to?ASchools. BParents.CStudents. DTeachers.2What can we know about the uniform system in Australia according to Paragraph 3?AThe uniform system in the public school follows Britain.BThe Australian students dress more casually.CThe uniform system is the same as that in New Zealand.DMost Australian students wear school uniforms.3Whats the intention of school uniforms at first?ATo encourage students to be more diligent.BTo improve students academic achievement.CTo prevent students fighting with each other.DTo promote the equality among students.4Whats the attitude of the critics towards school uniforms?ASupportive. BNeutral.CNegative. DFactual.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过介绍美国目前校服的普及情况，讨论了校服的作用，最后指出在某些国家，如美国，校服制度的实施还需要努力。【难句分析】In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system.分析：本句是复合句，其中包含了where引导的定语从句，主句运用一般过去时的被动语态。译文：在其他地区，像英国实行过殖民统治的规则(仍然)有效的新西兰和澳大利亚，公立学校的校服制度仿效英国的校服制度。1C考查词义猜测。根据该词上文的“that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student”和下文的“Students are.rules”可知此处指的是学生。2A考查细节理解。根据第三段倒数第二句“In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system”可知，澳大利亚的公立学校的校服制度是仿效英国的。3C考查推理判断。从文章第一段中的“According to a historian，uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students”可知，穿校服最初的目的是防止学生之间打架。4C考查观点态度。根据倒数第二段中的“Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section，critics have a different story to say.According to them，uniforms have no such great effect on students”可知评论家们对于校服的态度是消极的。二、单项选择。1.Youd better take a pen when you go to the meeting _ there is something important to write down.A. as if B so as to C in order to D. in case【答案】D。【解析】BC 选项后接动词原形，故排除。as if 引导方式状语从句，in case 意为“以防”可以用来引导目的状语从句。句意：去开会时你最好带上钢笔，以防有什么重要的东西可以记下来。2.By the time scientists _ the fundamental structure of dark matter, Im sure that man _ amazing advances in science.A. figure out, has made B. will figure out, will makeC. figure out, will have made D. will figure out, will be making【答案】C【解析】句意：到科学家们弄清楚暗物质的基本结构时，我肯定人类将已经在科学上取得了惊人的进步。by 表示“到为止”引导时间状语从句常与完成时连用，主句的谓语用将来完成时态，时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。23.Sharon, why is the man so upset now?His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词独立主格结构。逻辑主语“His wallet, mobile phone and ID card”与动词“steal”存在逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。句意： “莎伦，那人现在为何那么郁闷？” “他的钱包、手机以及身份证被盗。警方正在调查并会把他送到一家社会救助站去。 ”4._ before bed, cellphones can result in a restless night.A. To use B. Using C. Used D. Having used【答案】C【解析】句意：睡前使用手机，会导致睡眠质量下降。cellphones 与 use 是动宾关系，即使用手机，应该用过去分词表被动，排除 A、B、D，本句可改写为：If cellphones are used before bed, they can result in a restless night.。25.The parents do everything we can _ their daughter with good education, so that she will get a good job in the future.A. provide B. providing C. provided D. to provide【答案】D【解析】句意：那对父母做了他们能做的一切为他们的女儿提供良好的教育，为了她以后能得到一份好工作。原句应为：The parents do everything we can do to provide their daughter with good education.所以选 D。6.As Chinas villages meet modernity, with such conveniences as the flushing toilet, the Internet and personal carownership, some traditions are being left by the wayside, only _ in memory.A. remained B. remaining C. to be remained D. being remained【答案】B【解析】句意：随着中国农村步入现代化，冲水马桶、网络和私家车等便利到来，一些传统留在人们的记忆里。现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，remain 一词表示“遗留”时为系动词，故没有被动形式。7.Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?I will spend a whole week _ in your room to wait for their ing.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. to be locked【答案】C【解析】 过去分词短语作状语。 根据句意“把自己关在你的房间里度过一周的时间”， 即 lock myself in yourroom，lock 与主语 I 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示方式。句意： “请问告诉我您怎样才能抓住强盗呢?” “我把自己关在你房间里一个礼拜，等待他们的到来(就抓住他们了)。 ”8._ by the sad story of the child, many people offered to lend him a helping hand.A. Being affected B. Having affected C. Affected D. To affect【答案】C【解析】许多人因受感动而伸出援助之手，故用 affect 的过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成。句意：许多人因受那个男孩悲惨故事的感动，主动伸出了援助之手。9._ the teenage brain, the expert decided to write a book about how to help teenagers fight against attention problems.A. To explore B. Having explored C. Exploring D. Having been explored【答案】B【解析】逗号后面分词的逻辑主语 expert 与 explore 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，并且 explore 所表示的动作发生在谓语动词 decided 所表示的动作之前，因此用现在分词的完成式作状语。句意：在探究了青少年的大脑之后，这位专家决定要写一本关于如何帮助青少年与注意力方面的问题作斗争的书。10.The storm _, they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hut B. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hut D. being destroyed【答案】C【解析】这是分词的独立主格结构句。分词的完成式表示其动作发生在主句动作之前， 根据句意可知，暴风雨毁掉草屋在前，故 C 是答案。句意：风暴摧毁了他们的茅舍，所以他们不得不住在洞里。11.Mr Muite refused to talk to them except _ in the pany of his legal colleagues, therefore the police officers departedA. in terms of B. in pany of C. in favor of D. in view of【答案】B【解析】in the pany of 在陪同下。句意：缪特先生拒绝在没有其律师同事陪同的情况下和他们说话，于是警察们就离开了。12.Teddy came to my _ with a check of $ 200 to pay my room rate, after I told him that my wallet had been stolen.A. attendance B. Assistance C. rescue D. safety【答案】B【解析】句意：我告诉特迪我的钱包被偷了后，他带着 200 美元的支票来帮我付了房租。e to ones assistance 为固定搭配， “来支援(或帮忙)某人” ，符合句意。attendance 出席，到场；rescue 援救，解救；safety 安全。13.You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant【答案】A【解析】句意：闪电一发生你就看见闪光，但过一会儿才听到雷声。instant 瞬间，刹那，比 moment 所指的时间更短，但用法与 moment 基本一致。the instant 一就，引导时间状语从句，符合题意。for an instant 一瞬间；on the instant 立即；in an instant 立刻，马上。14.I was late this morning because my alarm clock failed to _.A. turn off B. go after C. go off D. switch off【答案】C【解析】 句意： 我今天早晨迟到了， 是因为我的闹钟没响。 turn off 关掉； go after 追赶， 追求； 谋求； go off(闹钟)发出响声；switch off 关掉。20.I did love my mom very much but it got to a point _ even she did not want me to see her as she was.A. where B. When C. that D. which【答案】A【解析】句意：我确实非常爱我妈妈，但是情况发展到这样一种程度：她甚至不想让我看到她以前的样子。当先行词是 point，case，situation 等时，定语从句多用 where 引导，where 在从句中作状语。三、完形填空。Walking through the park one autumn day, I passed some children selling hot chocolate. One girl, 1 , asked, “Would you like to help 2 our park and playground? Its only 50 cents a cup.” Of course, I couldnt resist it, and felt 3 that kids this young had such a(an) 4 in improving their munity. It seems that this group of kids, who were having great fun pouring hot chocolate and feeling 5 that they were helping a local cause, already grasped a fundamental idea about 6 out to help others: It feels great! No matter your age or the size of your gesture, whether it is giving out drinks, baking cookies, 7 toys to underprivileged(贫困的)kids, 8 a pet from a shelter, or giving clothing to homeless people, giving does a heart good.This valuable 9 usually shines brightest around the holidays-a time when we pause to 10 on our good fortune and on those not so 11 . But its really an important year-round lesson, and not just because being charitable(仁慈的)is the 12 thing to do. Giving to others helps lessen two major 13 on todays families.The onslaught(狂轰烂炸)of materialism with its 14 on self-centeredness. From a constant onslaught of 15 on TV, in the movies, and on puter screenswe are 16 to “need” the next cool gadget(小玩意), pair of sports shoes, or toys. Our children are particularly 17 influenced by advertisers who focus on their desire to fit in, which in turn can lead to a “give me” mindset(心态)early.The over-exposure to bad news, which causes 18 . In the past few years, terrifying images of violence and chaos have been difficult to 19 . These tragic events upset our children and can leave them feeling powerless and sad.We cant pletely shelter our children from these 20 . But we can bat their influence by teaching our children to give their time and talents to help othersan act that changes the way of the world.1. A. sighing B. weeping C. smiling D. bargaining【答案】C【解析】根据本空后的“Would you like”可知，这个小女孩是笑着(smile)问“我”的，故C项正确。2. A. support B. promote C. reply D. trust【答案】A【解析】根据本空后的“our park and playground”可知，这个小女孩是笑着问“我”是否愿意帮助支持(support)他们的公园和操场的建设，故A项正确。3. A. confused B. absorbed C. urged D. impressed【答案】D【解析】根据本空前的“I couldnt resist it”可知，这个小女孩的请求让“我”觉得印象是深刻的(impressed)，故D项正确。4. A. interest B. investment C. hatred D. adventure【答案】A【解析】根据本空后的“in improving their munity. ”可知，让“我”印象深刻的是这个小女孩对改善社区有如此大的兴趣(interest)，故A项正确。5. A. awful B. desperate C. proud D. doubtful【答案】C【解析】根据本空后的“they were helping a local cause”可知，这些孩子为帮助地方事业建设而感到骄傲(proud)，故C项正确。6. A. blowing B. leaking C. breaking D. reaching【答案】D7. A. abandoning B. classifying C. selling D. donating【答案】D【解析】根据本空后的“to underprivileged kids”可知，此处是说给贫困儿童捐赠(donate)玩具，故D项正确。8. A. adopting B. adapting C. adjusting D. abusing【答案】A【解析】根据本空后的“a pet from a shelter”可知，此处是说从庇护所领养(adopt)一个宠物，故A项正确。9. A. suggestion B. lesson C. academy D. determination【答案】B【解析】根据本空后的“usually shines brightest around the holidays”及下文中“lesson”的提示可知，这个宝贵的教训(lesson)在整个假期闪闪发光，故B项正确。10. A. depend B. ment C. feed D. reflect【答案】D【解析】根据本空后的“on our good fortune”可知，此处是说我们停下来思考(reflect on)我们的好运，故D 项正确。11. A. worn-out B. eye-catching C. laid-off D. well-off【答案】D【解析】根据本空前的“good fortune”可知，此处是说那些并不富裕的(well-off)人，故D项正确。12. A. ambiguous B. convenient C. right D. innocent 【答案】C【解析】根据本空前的“being charitable”可知，此处是说仁慈是正确的(right)事情，故C项正确。13. A. illnesses B. stresses C. chances D. burdens【答案】B【解析】根据本空前的“Giving to others helps lessen”可知，此处是说帮助他人缓解生活中的两大压力(stress)，故B项正确。14. A. effect B. emphasis C. advice D. analysis【答案】B【解析】根据本空后的“self-centeredness”可知，此处是说物质主义强调(emphasis)自我为中心，故B项正确。15. A. advertising B. peting C. meeting D. negotiating【答案】A【解析】根据下文中的“advertisers”可知，此处是说广告(advertising)的狂轰滥炸，故A项正确。16. A. prohibited B. encouraged C. frightened D. threatened【答案】B【解析】根据本空后的“to need the next cool gadget(小玩意), pair of sports shoes, or toys. ”可知，广告的狂轰滥炸目的是鼓励(encourage)我们买东西，故B项正确。17. A. easily B. slightly C. increasingly D. indirectly【答案】A【解析】上文说广告的狂轰滥炸鼓励我们买东西，此处是说我们的孩子特别容易(easily)受其影响，故A项正确。18. A. advance B. embarrassment C. disagreement D. fear 【答案】D19. A. win B. avoid C. persuade D. defeat【答案】B【解析】根据本空后的“These tragic events upset our children and can leave them feeling powerless and sad. ”可知，暴力和脏乱的画面很难避免(avoid)，故B项正确。20. A. realities B. requests C. profits D. applications【答案】A【解析】根据本空后的“But we can bat their influence by teaching our children to give their time and talents to help others”可知，此处是说我们虽然不能让孩子们免受这些现实(reality)的冲击，但可以通过教他们帮助他人来对抗这种影响，故A项正确。四、七选五。Your first step toward healthy living is to get a handle on your health status right now. Heres your todo list：Assess your activity. How much physical activity do you get in a typical week? 1. ？ How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC remends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of moderateintensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorousintensity aerobic activity, plus musclestrengthening activity at least two days per week.Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about. “2. ，” says Kathianne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You cant change what youre not aware of or dont acknowledge.”Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3. ？ Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night?4 . How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，” CNathan DeWall, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD.If youre not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. Its not about being “good” or “bad”， “right” or “wrong”. 5. .AHow intense is that activityBConsider your social networkCThe idea is to write it down without judgmentDIts time to learn something about the social appsEIts OK if you leave out some items in your food diaryFIt is the awareness of your own state of health that mattersGAre you experiencing any symptoms of depression or anxiety【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了掌握自身健康状况的方法。1A解析：根据该段主题句“Assess your activity.”以及关键词activity可知A项与此处匹配。A项与“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”为并列问句。2C解析：根据空前的“Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about.”可知，空处应讲的是不做评判地记下一天要吃的食物。所以C项正确。3G解析：空前一句“How has your mood been lately？”中的关键词mood与G项中的“any symptoms of depression or anxiety”相呼应；G项与空后的“Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night？”为并列问句。4B解析：根据空后的“How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life？”和“People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships”可知，本段主要讲述的是要有社交活动，B项中的“social network”与此呼应。所以选B。5F解析：根据空前的“Its not about being goodorbad，rightorwrong”可知，选F项“意识到你自身的健康状况是很重要的”。
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