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14.instead,insteadof【辨析】两者都可表示“代替;而不是”。instead常用于句中,后跟逗号,起连接上下句的作用,也可放在句尾。insteadof后面接名词、代词或动名词。【举例】GeorgedidntgotoWales,instead,hestayedinLondon.乔治没有去威尔士,而是待在了伦敦。,EmmaplayedtenniswithAnninsteadofgoingswimmingwithKate.=EmmadidntgoswimmingwithKate,instead,sheplayedtenniswithAnn.艾玛没有跟凯特去游泳,而是跟安去打网球了。【演练】()1.Philipdidntgohikingwithhissister,_,hestayedandplayedgamesaloneathome.A.insteadB.ratherthanC.insteadofD.although,A,()2.Philipstayedandplayedgamesaloneathomeinsteadof_hikingwithhissister.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.goes()3.Willyougotothemeetinginsteadof_?A.sheB.hersC.herD.my()4.HedidntgiveJackthemoney,buthegaveittome_.A.insteadB.thatC.lastD.insteadof,B,C,A,15.ontime,intime【辨析】(1)ontime意为“准时;按时”,指正好在约定的时间发生,言外之意是“既不早,也不晚”。(2)intime则表示“及时;迟早”,指在约定的时间之前发生,意指正赶上时候或恰在需要的时候。,【举例】Subwaysinthiscityarealwaysontime.这个城市的地铁总是准时的。Theambulancegottherejustintime.救护车正好及时赶到那里。【演练】()1.Wewanttostartthemeeting_time,sopleasedontbelate.A.onB.atC.withD.in,A,()2.Aslongasyousticktoit,youwillmakeprogress_.A.intimeB.atatimeC.atonetimeD.ontime()3.Thankyoufortellingmethisnews_.A.intimeB.attimesC.atonetimeD.ontime,A,A,16.under,below【辨析】under指“在正下方;少于(用于数量等)”,其反义词为over。below泛指“在下方;少于(用于温度、高度等)”,其反义词为above。【举例】Iwanttohavearestunderthetree.我想在树下休息一会儿。Thereisalakebelowthemountain.山下有个湖。,【演练】()1.Theresacat_thetable.A.inB.underC.nextD.between()2.Anyonewhois_18yearsoldisntallowedhere.A.underB.lessC.belowD.on,B,A,()3.Thetemperaturetodayistendegrees_zero.Itsfreezingcold.A.aboveB.onC.belowD.under,C,17.until,notuntil【辨析】两者都可表示“直到”。until意为“直到”,表示某一种行为一直持续到某一时间,用于肯定句中,句子的谓语动词必须是延续性的。notuntil意为“直到才”,表示某一行为直到某一时间才发生,之前该行为并没有发生,用于否定句中,主句中的谓语可以是延续性动词,也可以是短暂性动词。,注意:until也可以作连词,作连词时,后面要跟一个完整的句子;而作介词时,后面要接名词或名词短语。【举例】IstudiedEnglishuntil9oclocklastnight.我昨晚学英语一直学到9点钟。(表示9点前一直在学。)Janedidntgotosleepuntilmidnightyesterday.昨天简直到午夜才睡觉。(表示午夜前没有睡。),【演练】()1.I_thehospitaluntilfiveoclock.A.leftB.notleaveC.didntleaveD.didleave()2.She_untiltenoclock.A.wentB.startedC.waitedD.died()3.Hedidntturnup_halfanhourlater.A.forB.sinceC.inD.until,C,C,D,
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