2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 非谓语动词 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 非谓语动词 北师大版一、不定式1作主语It is right to give up smoking.2作宾语I find it interesting to study history.3作宾语补足语 He asked me to work with him.4作定语作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。Please give me a knife to cut with.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place，way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。He had no money and no place to live.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you anything to send？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)Have you anything to be sent？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)5作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.(结果)6作表语My job is to help the patient.7作独立成分To tell the truth，I dont agree with you.二、动名词1动名词由动词ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。(1)作主语Running is good for your health.(2)作表语Her job is teaching.(3)作宾语I avoided seeing him.We dont allow smoking here.(4)作定语He has a reading room.2动名词的复合结构如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，用普通格。3动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种。We are interested in playing chess.如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。Im sorry for not having kept my promise.主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态。He likes being helped.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.三、分词1分词的时态和语态(1)分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为not分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。Being a student，he was interested in books.Having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well.(2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。The question being discussed is important.Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking.2分词的用法(1)作定语分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。The man standing by the window is our teacher.注意：a.现在分词作定语时表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，要用定语从句。The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.b现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，而用作后置定语。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.如果指的动作现在正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可用现在分词的被动形式作定语。We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(2)作状语分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。The teacher stood there，surrounded by the students.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作，也可用having been done。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。While unfinished，the painting looked ugly.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。Time permitting，Ill finish another lesson.(3)作表语My hobby is collecting stamps.(4)作宾语补足语We saw the teacher making the experiment.1Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories.(xx上海，33)Aamused BamusingCto amuse Dto be amused2That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.(xx上海，40)Areducing Bto reduceCreduced Dreduce3He had a wonderful childhood，_with his mother to all corners of the world.(xx安徽，30)Atravel Bto travelCtraveled Dtraveling4Dina，_for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(xx湖南，26)Astruggling BstruggledChaving struggled Dto struggle一、用所给词的适当形式填空1_(equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills，the young man went to the job market with much confidence. 2.On AIDS Day，the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems _(refer) to be paid special attention to.3Every evening after dinner，if not _(tire) from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.4Im really hungry now.Thats because you have left your lunch _(untouch)5He looked around and caught a man _(put) his hand into a passengers pocket.二、单项填空1When _ again，the suspect had to admit that he had kidnapped a child and sold him.Aquestion BquestioningCquestioned Dto question2_ to his research work，the professor cared little about any other things.ADevoting BDevotedCHaving devoted DTo devote3If _ the same treatment again，he is sure to get well.Agiving BgiveCbeing given Dgiven4We hurried there _ a note pinned on the door，_ us of the postponement of the meeting.Ato find；to informBfinding；informedConly to find；informingDfound；inform5On August 12,xx Typhoon Morakot swept across Taiwan island，_a lot of villages _.Aleft；damaged Bleaving；damagingCleaving；damaged Dleft；damaging6Our house _ white，we like it better.Apainted Bhas been paintedCpainting Dis painted7There was an oil painting _ in the corner.It _ there for several days.Alaying；had laid Blain；had laidClying；had lain Dlaid；had been lain8He picked up an envelope _ 50 dollars in it.Acontaining BcontainedCwhich contains Dwhich was contained9So far nobody has claimed the money_in the library.Adiscovered Bto be discoveredCdiscovering Dhaving discovered10All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.Apresenting BpresentedCbeing presented Dto present答案感悟高考1Aamuse是及物动词，意为“使发笑”，在“keeps her colleagues _”中her colleagues与amuse构成被动关系，故选A。2B此处应该用不定式the way to do sth.表示“做的途径、方式”；we can imagine作定语，前面省略了that。3D句意为：他有一个非常美好的童年，那时他跟着他的妈妈周游世界。从句意看他和旅游之间为主动关系，又因为He had a wonderful childhood是一个完整的句子，故选D。4C句意为：Dina，奋斗了几个月，想找个做女服务员的工作，最后在当地一家广告社谋到了一个职位。此题考查非谓语动词作定语，因Dina与struggle之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且struggle发生在took之前，故用现在分词的完成形式作定语。领悟语法一、1.Having equipped2.referred3.tired4.untouched5putting二、1.Cquestion与主句的主语the suspect之间是动宾即被动关系，故用其过去分词形式作状语。2Bdevote是及物动词，常用结构devote oneself to.，所以devote与句子的主语the professor构成被动关系，故用其过去分词作原因状语。3Dgive与主语he之间是动宾关系，故用其过去分词作条件状语。4C动词不定式only to do表示意想不到的结果；inform与其逻辑主语a note是主谓即主动关系，故用其现在分词形式作定语。5Cleave的逻辑主语是前面句子所指代的内容，它们之间是主动关系，故用leaving作结果状语；而damage与villages之间是动宾关系，故用damaged作宾补。6A后面的句子被逗号与前一部分隔开，所以断定逗号前应该用独立主格结构，而our house与paint之间是被动关系。7Clying的原形是lie，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain，为不及物动词，与an oil painting是主谓关系，故用lying作定语；第二空应该用lie的主动形式。laying的原形是lay，其过去式、过去分词是laid，为及物动词。8Aan envelope与contain之间是主谓即主动关系，故用现在分词containing作定语。9A句意为：迄今为止，没有人认领在图书馆里发现的钱。本题考查非谓语动词作定语，因discover与money之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。10D此处用不定式短语作目的状语。句意为：他们所有人都想借助工作区的力量用一种更有效的方式来呈现信息。