2019年高中英语 Unit 2 Learning about Language语篇训练卷 新人教版必修2.doc

2019年高中英语 Unit 2 Learning about Language语篇训练卷 新人教版必修2阅读理解ATraffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic now. They are not, however, perfect. Drivers exchange the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stop-go movement that can still be annoying, and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage would. Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicles speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green. That is theoretically possible, but practically hard. Roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing, but such signs are expensive, and are not widespread. Margaret Martonosi and Emmanouil Koukoumidis at Princeton University, and Li-Shiuan Peh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, however, have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective. Instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mobile-phone applications. For a driver to benefit, he must load the teams software, named SignalGuru, into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his cars windscreen, with the camera lens(镜头)pointing forward. SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red, yellow or green. It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, andif there are enough of them, the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town. Using this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the traffic-light schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights. Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting traffic-light activity with an accuracy of 98. 2% and 96. 3% respectively, in the two cities. This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly half-way through the test, from their unbusy schedule to their afternoon-traffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive, using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change. In neither case was SignalGuru fooled. Fuel consumption fell, tooby about 20%. SignalGuru thus reduces both annoyance and fuel use, and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience. 1. Roadside signs wired to traffic lights are NOT the best way to create a smooth passage because. A. they are expensive and easily breakB. they are too costly and not widely usedC. they are plex and confusing to driversD. they are theoretically possible but practically useless2. SignalGuru is an application used on. A. a cameraB. a puterC. a mobile phoneD. a GPS system in ones car3. With the information it collects and processes, SignalGuru is able to. A. help drivers avoid traffic accidentsB. allow drivers to adjust their speedC. change the traffic lights in advanceD. send information to all cell phones4. The tests in Cambridge and Singapore were impressive because SignalGuru . A. proved to be unreliableB. operated at a high speedC. functioned rather stablyD. understood drivers schedulesBHave you ever wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots downwards? Why plants always seem to turn towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? The answer is simple: auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls growth in plants. Auxin gives away its secretsAuxin is a plant hormone(激素). Darwin was already interested in it in the 19th century. Only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets, thanks to intensive molecular research. Auxin is produced in the young, growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plantto a low-lying stem for example. The stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside, resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. For the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light. This active regulation of auxin transport allows plants to take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions. A new means of transport of auxinThe transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. And, from all appearances, it is not a simple matter. The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport of auxin: PILS proteins(蛋白质). PILS proteins are vital for auxin-dependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular(细胞内的)storage of the hormone. It is exactly this partmentalizing(分类)of auxin that seems functionally important for the various developmental processes. Growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the right placeHigher auxin levels at the right moment and in the right place result in better growth and greater harvest. Better adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow more efficiently. The researchers hope to contribute to the development of more efficient growing processes by continuing to sort out auxin transport processes. 5. Which of the following is TRUE about auxin according to the text? A. It helps the plants to bend at the right places while growing. B. It prevents the roots of plants from growing faster. C. It is no use when the surroundings have changed. D. It helps the underside of plants grow faster than the topside. 6. According to Paragraph 2, the researchers got their results mainly by. A. referring to Darwins theoryB. observing plants straighteningC. doing intensive molecular researchD. watching plants in different places7. From Paragraph 3 we know that. A. the researchers are not so sure if the transport of auxin is a new oneB. the levels of auxin remain the same during the growing processes of plantsC. PILS proteins delay the growth of plantsD. PILS proteins play an important part in the transport of auxin8. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? A. Why Plants Grow Towards the Light? B. Darwins Dream Has e TrueC. How Did Scientists Find Out the Secrets? D. A New Way of the Growing of PlantsC“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move, ”said David Belle, the founder of parkour(跑酷). Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bonds wonderful performances that the sport has bee popular worldwide. Yes, thats parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered as an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop. Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that. Overing all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy(理念)behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back from them in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has bee my life, my way to do everything. ”Another philosophy weve learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself that you earn energy and confidence. 9. Parkour has bee popular throughout the world because of. A. its founder, David BelleB. the film, Casino RoyaleC. its risks and tricksD. the varieties of participants10. The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to“”. A. streetsB. objectsC. barriersD. roofs11. Which of the following is TRUE of parkour? A. It challenges human abilities. B. It is a good but boring sport. C. It needs special training. D. It is a team sport. 12. Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour? A. Sports and extremes. B. Excitement and popularity. C. Dreams and success. D. Determination and freedom. 答案解析交通灯是规范交通的重要工具, 遇到红灯司机不得不停车, 这不仅使人心烦还费油。本文介绍了安装在手机里的一种软件, 它能帮助司机调整车速, 以避免等红灯。1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句中的“but such signs are expensive, and are not widespread”可知, 那样的标志既昂贵, 又不普及。2.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“For a driver to benefit, he must load the teams software, named SignalGuru, into his phone”可知, SignalGuru是一种安装在手机里的应用软件, 故选C。3.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“Using this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the traffic-light schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights. ”可知, SignalGuru可以帮助司机调整车速, 避免等红灯。4.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge. . . In neither case was SignalGuru fooled. ”可知, 在这两个试验中, 虽然各有干扰因素, 但是SignalGuru运作相当稳定, 并未受到“愚弄”, 因此选C。本文讲述了现代研究条件下对于植物生长素的研究成果。5.【解析】选D。细节判断题。植物生长素的功能在文中体现的是“resulting in the underside growing faster”。6.【解析】选C。细节理解题。达尔文一开始只是对生长现象感兴趣但并没有得出结论, 只有现在的研究者经过了“密集的分子生物学研究”之后才得出结论。7.【解析】选D。细节判断题。由“The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport of auxin: PILS proteins. ”可知PILS蛋白质在生长素的运输过程中起着重要的作用。8.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章一开始就以疑问的方式提出了主题, 然后陆续揭示auxin的功能。本文主要介绍了一项新兴的运动“跑酷”。9.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的“Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? . . . popular worldwide”可知。10.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由上文中的“walls, gaps, roof”等词可以推测此处的obstacles指的是“障碍”。11.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段“. . . using only the abilities of the human body. ”可以推知答案。12.【解析】选D。推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“You must determine your destination. . . ”和最后一段的“Another philosophy weve learnt from parkour is freedom. ”可知。