2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题09 5Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读.doc

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题09 5Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。必修5 Unit1Unit2词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1conclude vt.断定，推断出；作出结论(不用于进行时)conclusion n结论，推论conclusive adj.结论性的conclude.by/with.以结束conclude to do sth. 决定做某事conclude.from.从中推断to conclude (做插入语)最后(一句话)in conclusion 最后，总之bring.to a conclusion 使结束make a conclusion 下结论arrive at/e to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落2attend vt.&vi. 出席；参加；照料，护理attendance n. 出席，到场，参加attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人attend to 处理，注意，专心于，照料3expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临exposure n. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭发expose sth./sb./oneself (to.)显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给)be exposed to 暴露于4cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗curable adj. 可治愈的a cure for. 针对的治疗cure sb. of sth. 消除某人；治愈某人拓展：vt.sb. of sth.结构的短语还有：remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事5absorb vt.吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解，获取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或兴趣absorb water/light/heat (take in) 吸收水/光/热absorb what sb. said 理解某人所说的话absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in. 全神贯注于6suspect vt.怀疑；不信任n嫌疑犯；可疑对象suspect sth.怀疑某事suspect thatclause怀疑suspect sb. of(doing) sth.怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事suspect sb. to be.猜想某人是7blame n&vt.责备；责任blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for)应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责备(此处不能用被动语态)accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人8contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿)contribution n. 贡献，捐献，投稿contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人contribute to sth. 增加，增添；促成某事contribute sth. to/towards 给捐献/捐赠contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿make a contribution to.为作贡献9reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制n被拒绝或抛弃的人或物提示：reject与refuse的区别refuse指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。She refused (to accept) my gift.She rejected my gift.她拒绝接受我的礼物。10consist vi. 组成，一致consistent adj. 协调的，一致的consist of 由组成，包括(无进行时态和被动语态)consist in 在于，存在于consist with 符合，一致be consistent with. 和一致；相符be made up of 由组成be posed of 由组成10attract vt.吸引；引诱attraction nU吸引；吸引力；C吸引人的事物attractive adj.有魅力的；吸引人的；引人注目的attract sb./sth. to.把某人/物吸引到be attracted to 对有兴趣/好感attract sb.s attention/interest/criticism吸引某人的注意/吸引某人的兴趣/招致某人的批评 have attraction for 对有吸引力be an attraction to sb.对来说很吸引人11convenience n. 便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施convenient adj. 方便的，便利的for the convenience of. 为了方便for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见at ones convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点be convenient for sb./sth. 对于是方便的提示：convenience 意为“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；作“便利的事物；便利设施”讲时为可数名词。convenient 为其形容词形式，用做表语时，主语不能是人，常用于 It is convenient for sb. to do sth.这一句型。12arrange v. 筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列arrangement n. 安排，筹备arrange sth. 整理，布置，排列；安排，筹备arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事arrange (with sb.) to do sth. (与某人)约定干某事arrange that. 商定；安排make arrangements for 安排好e to an arrangement 达成协议提示：不能用 arrange sb. to do sth. 结构，应该使用 arrange for sb. to do sth. 结构。13delight vt. 使高兴/欣喜n.U高兴，快乐，喜悦；C令人愉快的事(much) to ones delightto ones (great) delight使某人(大为)高兴的是take/find/have delight in (doing) sth. 喜爱，以为乐be delighted at/by/with sth. 因/对感到高兴be delighted to do sth./thatclause 高兴地去做It is a delight to do sth. 做某事是一件令人愉快的事14thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊n.兴奋；紧张thrilled adj.兴奋的，激动的thrilling adj.令人感到兴奋的give sb. a thrill to do sth./of doing sth.做某事让某人感到激动be thrilled at/about/with sth.对感到兴奋（2）短语1put forward 提出，推荐；将提前put away/aside 放在一边；收拾起来；储存put back 放回，拨回put down 写下；镇压；放下put forth 提出；颁布put.into 把翻译成put off 延期，推迟put on 穿、戴上；(速度、体重)增加；上演put out 扑灭，熄灭put through 接通电话put up 举起；建造；张贴put up with 忍受，忍耐，容忍11apart from除之外take.apart把拆开tell.apart区分，辨别set/put apart留出2make sense 讲得通；有道理；很有意义make sense of sth. 懂；了解的含义make no sense 讲不通；无意义in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上in no sense 决不是；决非There is no sense in doing sth. 做没必要/道理a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感mon sense 常识3divide.into. 把分成divide.between/among/with. 和分担/分配/分享divide.by. 用除以divide.in half (two)/into halves 把分成两部分4break away (from) 挣脱；脱离break down (机器)出故障；(讨论、谈判、希望、计划等)失败；打破；(化学)分解；身体垮掉break in 破门而入；打断break into 闯入；突然起来(后接 tears, laughter等)break out 战争爆发；(火灾)发生break off 折断，打断；突然停止讲话；休息；断绝；结束break through 突围；突破；冲垮；克服break up 拆开，结束；解散5leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑leave about 乱放(东西)leave alone 别管；别惹；不打扰leave aside 搁置leave behind 留在后面；没带走leave for (go off to) 动身去leave off 停止；中断6take the place of (replace) 代替；取代take place (事情)发生，产生；举办，举行take ones place 代替，接替in place of 代替in place 在适当的位置in the first place 最初，首先，第一（3）易混易错点拨1. defeat/beat/win这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但其用法不尽相同。(1)defeat和beat是同义词，其宾语必须是“人或一个集体”。如a team, a class, a school, an army等。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人，beat常用于游戏或比赛中，但在平时运用中常替换使用。(2)win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，常带的宾语有：game, war, prize, fame, battle等。win还可作为不及物动词来用。用defeat, beat, win填空(1)He _ all his opponents in the election.(2)Peasants _ the drought and reaped a good harvest.(3)After a hearttoheart talk, I _ his belief at last.defeated/beat beat won(4)The enemys plot was _ very soon.(5)We wouldnt have _without your help.(6)Mary _ first prize for swimming.defeated won won2. cure/treat/heal(1)treat指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治病，强调治疗过程，treat sb. for sth.医治某人病；还可作“对待，看待”讲，treat.as把看作/视为。(2)cure意为“治愈，痊愈”，特别指病后的恢复健康。其后可接表示疾病的名词或代词，也可接sb. of再加表示疾病的名词。另外，还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻指消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。(3)heal意为“治愈”，多用于治愈外伤，如：wound, cut, injury, burn等。(1)He _ his students as his own children.他把学生看作自己的孩子。(2)The doctors are trying to _ him with a new drug.医生们尝试用一种新药为他治病。(3)His wound is _ over.他的伤口正在愈合。(4)The medicine will _ you of your cough.这药能治好你的咳嗽。(5)When I left hospital I was pletely _.出院时我已完全康复了。treated treat healing cure cured3. announce/declare(1)announce宣布；宣告(含有“预告”的意思)，尤其是大家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。用announce说个人要做某事，常常含有“郑重其事”的意思。(2)declare宣布(如公开声明战争、和平、中立、意见等)，用于正式场合。(1)This powerful country _ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。(2)It was _ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。declared announced4.apart from/in addition(to)/as well as/except/except for/except that/besidesapart from 除之外(既可以表示 except或 except for，也可以表示 besides)in addition 也；另外；此外；还(相当于副词 besides)in addition to 除以外还(相当于介词 besides)as well as 还；既又；也(相当于介词 besides)except (but) 除之外(不包括在内)except for 除之外(强调有美中不足)except that (what/when/where) 除了besides 除之外 (包括在内)；况且；此外用上述词或词组填空(1)I like her _ she is angry.(2)I have read a lot of novels _some short stories.(3)Your position is very good _ some spelling mistakes.(4)_， we have a researchoriented program.(5)They all went to sleep _ the little boy.except when/in addition to/besides/as well as/apart from/apart from/except for/In addition/Besides/apart from/except5.辨析：one/the one/ones/the ones/that/those/it这几个词都用来指代前面提到的名词，但是所指内容不同。(1)one 代替上文提到的某个可数名词，表示泛指意义，一般指同类事物中的任何一个；而 the one代替上文提到的某个可数名词单数，表示特指。(2)ones 代替上文提到的可数名词复数形式，表泛指，一般指同类事物中的一些；而 the ones指代上文提到的可数名词复数形式，表示特指。(3)that 用来代替上文提到的名词，可以是可数名词单数形式，也可以是不可数名词，表示特指。如果代替可数名词单数形式，可以与 the one互换。(4)those是 that的复数形式，代替上文提到的可数名词复数形式，表示特指，可与 the ones 互换。(5)it代替前面的同一事物或同一个人。I want to buy a house, one with a large garden.我想买一座房子，一座带有大花园的房子。The little boy doesnt like this apple; he wants the red one.小男孩不喜欢这个苹果，他想要那个红的。I bought some new chairs. The old ones should be thrown away. 我买了新椅子，那些旧的也该扔了。The bike is cheaper than that made in our factory.这自行车比我们厂生产的要便宜。(thatthe one)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中国的人口比日本的多。(that 不用 the one 代替)The cars made here are better than those made in my hometown. 这里生产的小汽车比我家乡生产的好。Who is the person that shook hands with the foreigners? 那个和外宾握手的人是谁？It is our headmaster. 他是我们的校长。6.divide/separate(1)divide侧重于把一个整体分成若干部分，其后常接介词into, among, between等。(2)separate指把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔”开来。常与介词from搭配构成separate.from，意为“把和分开(隔)”；另外还有“离别，分手”之意。(1)England is _ from France by the English Channel.(2)The teacher _ the class into 8 small groups.(3)He _ the cake among the children.(4)The childs parents have _.separated/divides/divided/separated2. quarrel/discuss/argue/debate(1)quarrel表示“争吵，争论”，着重指因意见不一而产生的激烈争论。常与about, over, with连用。(2)discuss用于一般场合，重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分。(3)argue表示“争辩”，以支持或反对，尤指以说服某人为目的。常与about, over, with, against连用。(4)debate着重指在正式场合(比如国会)，和意见对立的一方进行全面的、彻底的辩论或争论，重在各述理由，双方交锋。常见搭配为debate on/over sth.。(1)I _ him out of going.(2)They _ the question openly.(3)He _ with his brother and rushed out.(4)Lets _ the matter over tea.argued/debated/quarreled/discussII.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）Unit 1characteristic n. 特征；特性radium n. 镭painter n. 画家；油漆匠put forward 提出scientific adj. 科学的conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出 conclusion n. 结论；结束 draw a conclusion 提出结论analyse vt. 分析defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的专家；行家attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加physician n. 医生；内科医师expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光exposeto 使显露；暴露cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗challenge n. 挑战vt. 向挑战victim n. 受害者absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心suspect vt. 怀疑 n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯enquiry n. 询问neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. （用泵）抽（水）foresee vt. 预见；预知blame vt. 责备；谴责过失；责备pollute vt. 污染；弄脏handle n. 柄；把手 vt. 处理；操纵link vt. & n. 连接；联系 linkto 将和联系或连接起来announce vt. 宣布；通知instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导construct vt. 建设；修建 construction n. 建设；建筑物contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助apart from 除之外；此外firework n. 烟火（燃放）chart n. 图表positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的（be）strict with 对严格的movement n. 移动；运动；动作make sense 讲得通；有意义backward adv. & adj. 向后地（的）； 相反地（的）；退步地（的）spin vi. & vt. (使)旋转； 纺（线或纱）enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃universe n. 宇宙；世界Unit 2unite vi. & vt. 联合；团结kingdom n. 王国consist vi. 组成；在于；一致consist of 由组成province n. 省；行政区divideinto 把分成clarify vt. 澄清；阐明acplish vt. 完成；达到；实现conflict n. 矛盾；冲突unwilling adj. 不愿意（的）；不乐意（的）break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）；脱离union n. 联合；联盟；结合；协会credit n. 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷to ones credit 为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下currency n. 货币；通货institution n. 制度；机制；公共机构convenience n. 便利；方便rough adj. 粗糙的；粗暴的 roughly adv. 粗略地；粗糙地nationwide adj. 全国性的； 全国范围的attract vt. 吸引；引起注意architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术collection n. 收藏品；珍藏；收集administration n. 管理；行政部门port n. 港口（城市）countryside n. 乡下；农村enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑opportunity n. 机会；时机description n. 描写；描述fax n. 传真（机）vt. 用传真传输（文件）possibility n. 可能（性）plus prep. 加上；和 adj. 加的；正的；零上的quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架vi. 争吵；吵架alike adj. 相同的；类似的break down (机器)损坏；破坏arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理wedding n. 婚礼fold vt. 折叠；对折sightseeing n. 观光；游览royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的uniform n. 制服splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的statue n. 塑像；雕像munism n. 共产主义thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊pot n. 罐；壶error n. 错误；过失；谬误tense n. 时态consistent adj. 一致的III.重点句型背诵1.every time 充当连词的时间状语从句，意为“每当”，相当于 when。某些表达时间的名词词组可直接充当连词，即“名词连词化现象”。常见的有：(1)不定代词time如：any time, each time.(2)序数词time如：the first/last time.(3)the瞬时名词如：the minute/moment/instant(4)the时间名词如：the day/night/month/time.He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.他第一次做实验就成功了。Ill give him your message the minute he arrives.等他一到，我就把你的口信给他。He bought a puter the day he got his salary.他发工资那天买了一台电脑。2.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词 be放在主语之前。Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。Only in this way can you make progress.只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年战争结束时他才能回家。拓展：if only要是该多好，但愿。if only从句可单独使用，这时要用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望用 had done；与现在相反的愿望用 did/were；表示与将来相反的愿望用 “would/could/might动词原形”。If only I had gone to Beijing.我要是去了北京就好了。If only he could e tomorrow.他要是明天能来就好了。3.It seems/is strange that.“有点奇怪”，that 从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should 意为“竟然”，表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。拓展：在 “It is natural/important/necessary/a pity/a shamethat 从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词也用“should动词原形”结构；should 在这些句型中表示惊讶、气愤、惋惜等情感。It was strange that he should have said that!他竟然说那样的话，真是奇怪！Its a pity that he should fail to grasp the chance when it arose.机会出现时，他竟然没有抓住，真是遗憾。能力提升测一测I单词拼写1A nurse _(照料) to his needs constantly.2Mr Smith is a _(内科医师) in the hospital.3A scientific theory is the result of the _ (科学的) method.4She doesnt want to _ (暴露) herself to the public, because she is a shy girl.5Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _(挑战) we face.attendedphysician scientific expose challenges 6He drew a c_ after a lot of experiments.7Who is to b_ for starting the fire?8A_ from your spelling, your position is rather good.9Have they a_ when the plane will take off?10You must be c_ when crossing the street.conclusionblame Apart announced cautious/careful11We have _(完成) all we set out to do.12The _(辉煌的) image of Lei Feng will forever live in the heart of the people.13Please e at your _ (方便)14The old man has a large _ (收集) of old china.15What he wrote isnt _(一致) with what he told us16F_ the paper along the dotted line.acplishedsplendid convenience collection consistent Fold17She was t_ with terror when she saw the scene of the murder.18I was d_ to be invited to her party.19We are going to Mount Tai for s_.20A finelooking gentleman in a military u_ has been standing across the corner watching you.thrilleddelighted sightseeing uniform II.短语填空(1)She often _ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建议。(2)The mechanics _ the engine _.机械师把发动机拆开了。(3)What he says _.他说的有道理。(4)The teacher _ the class _ small groups for a discussion. 老师把这班分成几个小组进行讨论。(5)If Tim carries on working like this, hell _ sooner or later.如果蒂姆继续这样工作，身体迟早会垮掉。(6)You can _ the details; just give us the main facts.你可以省去细节，告诉我们主要的事实就行了。(7)I cant go to the meeting myself, so Mary will _.我不能亲自出席会议，因此玛丽将替代我。1.puts forward2.took apart 3. makes sense 4.divided into5.break down6.leave out7.take my placeIII.句型填空1.He brings her flowers _ he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。2.Only in this way _.只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。 3.Its _ he should fail to grasp the chance when it arose.机会出现时，他竟然没有抓住，真是遗憾。1. every time 2. can you make progress 3.a pity thatIV语法填空【xx届石家庄市高中毕业班第一次模拟】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 You may like reading novels for fun. But you need to get 1 (organize) if you are reading a novel for school. Here _2 (be)a few tips. First, pay attention to characters. What do they do in the novel? What do they want? Everything 3 is about a character can help us to understand him, from his_4(appear) to the kind of food he eats. Besides, the order of the story and the plot are 5 (equal) important. Make sure that as you read, you make 6_ quick note of what happens in each chapter. This will help you bring the things you have noticed about the character, setting, language and so on together. Its also an enormous help for you to retell the story after you have read it. Next, themes. They are ideas that a novel explores. _7 is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel. Perhaps love is a major theme, or justice, or 8 (survive). Furthermore, novels are made up 9 language. Writers use language in a special way 10 (make) their novels work. They may use metaphors, invent symbols, or show different characters personalities through their speech styles.【答案】【小题1】 organized【小题2】are【小题3】that【小题4】appearance【小题5】equally【小题6】 a【小题7】It【小题8】survival【小题9】of【小题10】to make【小题3】that考查代词。that代指前面everything。【小题4】appearance考查名词。由his可知后文用名词appearance。【小题5】equally考查副词。修饰动词用副词。【小题6】 a考查冠词。a修饰note。【小题7】It考查代词。it指idea。【小题8】survival考查名词。由 justice可知用名词。【小题9】of考查介词。make up of是固定搭配。【小题10】to make考查不定式。表示目的。考点：考查语法填空V.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world. He had more than 1 000 inventions. In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped him to earn the nickname “the Wizard of Melo Park”. He was also so diligent that he worked day and night. And（1）这解释了他为什么有如此多的发明的原因_. What impresses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninetynine percent perspiration”. Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hardworking learner.（2）从他身上，我懂得成功的秘密不是你什么时候、在哪里出生的而是你在做什么和怎么做_. 答案：（1）this explained why he had so many great inventions.（高级句型：表语从句）（2）From him, I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do.（高级句型：并列句not. . . but. . .）