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,中,考,英,语,2019,第二部分 语法专题过关,专题十三 复合句,CONTENTS,目 录,PART 01 考情帮,PART 01 考情帮,命题点,考情总结,分析河南近10年中考真题可知,宾语从句为河南中考的高频考点,主要在单项选择中考查,宾语从句的三要素:语序、时态、引导词均有涉及;定语从句是河南中考的必考点,主要考查that, which,who引导的限定性定语从句;对状语从句的考查都会与从属连词相结合,主要在状语从句中考查从属连词的辨析及应用。,命题点,图解语法,PART 02 考点帮,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他“。陈述句作宾语从句时,应用原陈述语序;疑问句作宾语从句时,原来的倒装语序也要改为陈述语序。如: “She is a good student,“the teacher told us.=The teacher told us(that)she was a good student.老师告诉我们她是一个好学生。 Where does he live? Do you know?=Do you know where he lives?你知道他住在哪里吗?,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,易失分点 (1)“Whats wrong/the matter(with sb.)?“作宾语从句时,其本身就是陈述语序。如: He asked me what was the matter with you. 他问我你怎么了。 (2)当两个或多个由that引导的宾语从句由并列连词and连接时,除第一个从句中的that可省略外,其余从句中的that都不可省略。如: He said (that) the book was interesting and that all the children liked reading it. 他说这本书很有趣,并且所有孩子都喜欢读。,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,时态,I dont know when he left last night. 我不知道昨晚他何时离开的。 Tell him when we will start. 告诉他我们将什么时候出发。,Alex said he would go to London. 亚历克斯说他要去伦敦。 He didnt say where he had been before. 他没有说他之前去过什么地方。,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,My teacher said that the moon moves round the earth.我的老师说过月亮围着地球转。 Everyone knows that there are sixty minutes in an hour. 大家都知道一个小时有60分钟。,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,引导词,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,考点4,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,考点4,提分速记 if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否“,但以下几种情况只能用whether: (1)宾语从句在介词之后时。如: It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. 这取决于明天是否会下雨。 (2)后面直接跟or not时。如: I dont know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 (3)与动词不定式连用时。如: Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one. 在你决定是否要买一件物品之前,先查看一下价格。 (4)宾语从句提前,位于句首时。如: Whether they can come here on time, we dont know. 他们能否按时来这儿,我们不知道。 (5)用if会产生歧义时。如: Please tell me if you need help. 这句话有两种意思:如果你需要帮助请告诉我。/请告诉我你是否需要帮助。若用whether只能表达第二种意思。,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,考点4,得分巧记 whether和if的异同 二者选一表“是否“,if,whether均可用, whether跟在介词后,小心if生歧义。 可说whether or not,却无 if or not。 可说whether to do sth., if 则无此用法。,考点1,考点帮,宾语从句,考点2,考点3,宾语从句的简化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词为remember, know, forget, learn, decide, choose, agree, ask, tell, show等时,从句可简化为“(疑问词)+动词不定式“结构。如: We decided that we would help the old man.=We decided to help the old man. 我们决定帮助这位老人。 She has forgotten how she can open the window.=She has forgotten how to open the window. 她已经忘记了如何才能打开窗户。 宾语从句的否定前移 在宾语从句中,当谓语动词是think, believe, expect等表示“认为,猜想“的词时,若要否定宾语从句,一般将主句变成否定句,即“否定前移“。如: I think they will lose the match. 我认为他们将会输掉这场比赛。(变为否定句) I dont think they will lose the match. 我认为他们不会输掉这场比赛。,考点1,考点帮,定语从句,考点2,考点3,在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(why, when, where)。 关系代词的用法,考点1,考点帮,定语从句,考点2,考点3,关系副词的用法,考点1,考点帮,定语从句,考点2,考点3,关系代词的特殊用法 1.只能用关系代词that的情况: (1)当先行词是不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, little, few, all, some, none, much等时。如: There is nothing that can stop him from doing it. 没有任何事能够阻止他做这件事。 (2)当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。如: This is the very necklace (that) you want. 这就是你想要的那条项链。 (3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或先行词本身就是序数词时。如: This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 (4)当先行词被all, any, every, each, few, no, some等修饰时。 如: All the presents (that) your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.生日那天你的朋友们送给你的所有礼物你都应该收好。,考点1,考点帮,定语从句,考点2,考点3,(5)当定语从句的先行词中既有人又有物时。如: They are talking of the designers and their works that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的设计师及他们的作品。 (6)当定语从句的主句是由who或which引导的疑问句时。如: Who is the person that is standing by the window?站在窗户旁边的那个人是谁? 2.关系代词的省略 一般情况下,that, which, whom在从句中作宾语时可省略,但关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语并且介词置于关系代词前时,不可省略。如: I remember the day on which I saw you for the first time.我记得我第一次见你的那一天。,考点1,考点帮,状语从句,考点2,考点3,状语从句由从属连词引导,在句中充当状语,按其用途主要分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。 1.状语从句的分类和用法(讲解见专题六 连词 考点2) 2.主句和从句时态一致,You can get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力学习,你就能取得好成绩。,考点1,考点帮,状语从句,考点2,考点3,If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will visit the Great Wall. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去游览长城。,Someone knocked at the door when we were having supper. 当我们正在吃饭的时候,有人敲门。,
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