2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十七生态环保类.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十七生态环保类限时7分Thousands of cities around the globe turned off their lights for an hour to mark xx Earth Hour, a symbolic show of support for the environment organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature.Since the movement began in Sydney, Australia, in xx, it has spread to more than 7,000 cities across more than 160 countries. Singapore continues to hold one of the worlds largest lightsoff events, drawing around 9,000 people this year to Marina Bay Sands, a mercial center typically awash in electricity.To mark the event, actors Andrew Garfield, Jamie Foxx, Emma Stone and a group of other famous stars from The Amazing SpiderMan 2 movie were in town.Other iconic landmarks that fell dark included the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Bangkoks Wat Arun temple, the Empire State Building in New York, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Sydney Opera House, Red Square in Moscow, the Birds Nest in Beijing and Hong Kong Harbor.As the movement has grown, more organizations and business have mitted to switching off their lights in support of efforts to reduce their environmental footprint. In Singapore, at least 600 organizations and panies agreed to either switch off their lights or participate in movements to use fewer plastic bags, take shorter showers, turn off their airconditioning units or switch to LED lighting.This year the World Wide Fund for Nature, which first launched worldwide Earth Hour, also launched Earth Hour Blue, a crowdfunding platform aimed at raising money for environmental projects around the globe. On Mar.26, a project to stop the illegal wildlife trade in Asia by providing assistance to wildlife rangers became the first one to reach its target of $20,000 by relying pletely on crowdfunding.The hourlong event has little if any impact on electricity consumption, but as an awareness raising event it has registered success.In a statement to mark Saturdays event, Andy Ridley, CEO and cofounder of Earth Hour, said Asias rapidly growing digital presence is an added bonus that has helped power our movement.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。全球数千座城市响应了xx年的“地球一小时”(Earth Hour)熄灯活动。这是一项由世界自然基金会(World Wide Fund for Nature) 发起的象征性的环保运动。许多名人和著名景点都响应了这项活动。1Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?Axx Earth Hour BSave Our EarthCLightsoff Event DEarth Hour Blue答案A标题判断题。根据第一段内容可知，全球数千座城市响应了xx年的“地球一小时”熄灯活动。在下文中也是围绕这一主题展开。故选A。2We can infer from the report that _.AAustralia and Singapore were the first two countries to launch Earth HourBmore than 7,000 cities from 160 countries took part in xx Earth HourCsome famous movie stars from The Amazing SpiderMan 2 were invited to Singapore to celebrate the eventDthe World Wide Fund for Nature first organized Earth Hour worldwide答案D推理判断题。根据第一段中“.organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature.”以及倒数第三段第一句中“This year the World Wide Fund for Nature, which first launched worldwide Earth Hour，.”可推断，世界自然基金会最先组织了世界范围的“地球一小时”熄灯活动。故选D。3How many different specific places are mentioned in the text to have participated in xx Earth Hour across the world?A7. B8. C9. D10.答案C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中提到的Marina Bay Sands，以及第四段中提到的“Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Bangkoks Wat Arun temple, the Empire State Building in New York, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Sydney Opera House, Red Square in Moscow, the Birds Nest in Beijing and Hong Kong Harbor”可知，一共提到九个地点。故选C。4Based on the report, which of the following statements is NOT correct?AMarina Bay Sands is a mercial center located in Singapore.BEarth Hour Blue is a platform intended to collect money for environmental projects around the globe.CAndy Ridley is the chief executive officer of Earth Hour and one of its founders.DLED lighting is an energysaving device which doesnt use electricity.答案D推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，越来越多的组织和企业通过熄灯来支持环保行动。在新加坡，至少有600个组织和企业同意关闭灯光，或参加减少塑料袋使用、缩短沐浴时间、关掉空调设备及改用LED(发光二极管)灯等活动。由此处并结合常识可推断，LED lighting是一种节能设备，但并不是不用电。故选D。1symbolic adj. 象征的2mit vi. 保证；承诺3participate vi. 参加1turn off 关闭2.in support of 支持原文：In Singapore, at least 600 organizations and panies agreed to either switch off their lights or participate in movements to use fewer plastic bags, take shorter showers, turn off their airconditioning units or switch to LED lighting.(含并列的动词不定式的简单句)译文：在新加坡，至少600个组织和企业同意要么关掉灯，要么参加各种运动，比如：尽量少用塑料袋，缩短淋浴时间，关掉空调设备或者换成LED照明。仿写：I_want_to_call_on_my_teacher_and_ask_him_some_questions.我想去拜访我的老师并问他几个问题。B限时7分Environmental problems are being more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed.There are different kinds of pollutants, which e from different sources. It is necessary to identify the sources of pollution, in order to make a policy to eliminate them.Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major sources of pollution. The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kindssolid, liquid and gas.The pollution has greatly damaged our planet and continues to do so. In fact, pollution is threatening our existence. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destructionof environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to mans existence.We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to strictly control industrial pollution, and the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and so on.The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government. Laws have been passed to stop pollution. I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will bee better and better.篇章导读：本文是说明文。全文讲述的是日益严重的环境问题及人们采取的应对措施。5How many examples of environmental problems are given in Paragraph 1?A2.B3. C4. D5.答案C细节理解题。根据第一段的For example后面的内容可知，一共是4个例子：汽车排放尾气、工厂排放有毒气体、污水不断被排入河流以及随意丢弃的垃圾。故选C。6Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AIn all there are three kinds of pollution.BIf people continue to pollute our planet, there will be no trees.CIndustrial pollution has been pletely controlled.DLaws have been passed to stop pollution and protect our environment.答案D细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Laws have been passed to stop pollution.”可知，D项正确。由第三段中最后一句中的mainly可知，A项表述有误；B、C两项是典型的以偏概全，应排除。7The writers attitude towards the future of the earth is _.Aobjective Bnegative CpositiveDneutral答案C观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“our home will bee better and better”可知，作者对地球的未来还是乐观的。1continuously adv. 连续不断地2identify vt. 识别；确认3destruction n. 破坏；毁灭1give off 发出(光)等2take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事原文：Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to mans existence.(and连接并列谓语)译文：对环境的巨大破坏已经带来了消极的影响并且甚至对人类的生存造成了威胁。仿写：She felt ill. She_went_to_work,_however, and_tried_to_concentrate.她病了。然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精力工作。C限时8分About 5,000 children die each day because of preventable diseases such as cholera and dysentery (痢疾), which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking. A lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma, which has blinded some six million people.Water troubles also trap many lowine families in a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water. People who spend much of their time on ill health, caring for sick children, or collecting water at a distance averaging 3.75 miles a day dont have educational and economic chances to better their lives. Agriculture is called the lions share of freshwater worldwide, using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent. Water areas have no political borders and nations dont always work together to share mon resources, so water can be a frequent source of international problems as well. Daybyday demand keeps growing, further needing water sources, from great rivers to groundwater. “Were going deeper into debt on our groundwater use，” Postel said, “and that has great effects on global water safety. The rate of groundwater use has doubled since 1960.”Some of Earths groundwater is fossil water created when Earths climate was far different. Today such water is as limited as petrol. “But were pumping much of them out faster than ever，” Postel explained. “Mans growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems. And that also creates a cost to us, to our sons and to our grandsons, not just to nature.”8What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?AWater shortage has been a most serious challenge.BSo many children die of polluted water every day.CDiseases should be properly controlled and treated.DWasting water leads to the unrest of the world.答案A主旨大意题。本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内，水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的灾难，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个重大的挑战。9Why is agriculture called the lions share of freshwater?ABecause agriculture is much stronger than industry.BBecause more people live on the agricultural produce.CBecause agriculture uses about twothirds of freshwater.DBecause nations dont always work together to save water.答案C细节理解题。依据文中第三段第一句的“using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent”可知，世界上的淡水大约有三分之二的量被农业生产耗用。10According to what Postel said we can know _.Agroundwater is rich for us to useBthere is no need to dig deep for groundwaterCwe are using our next generations waterDwe should use river water instead of groundwater答案C推理判断题。依据第四、五段中Postel的话，尤其是第五段最后一句“And that also creates a cost to us, to our sons and to our grandsons, not just to nature.”可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。11What can we infer from the passage?AWe shouldnt use water from rivers.BWe should protect our ecosystems.CWater should be distributed equally.DLaws should be passed for groundwater.答案B推理判断题。由文章尾段倒数第二句“Mans growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems.”可推知，我们要保护我们的生态系统。1frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的2demand n&v. 需要；要求1lead to 导致；通向2.suffer from 遭受原文：People who spend much of their time on ill health, caring for sick children, or collecting water at a distance averaging 3.75 miles a day dont have educational and economic chances to better their lives.(定语从句)译文：每天把大部分时间花费在糟糕的健康状况、照顾患病的孩子或每天穿越平均3.75英里去取水的人们没有更好的受教育机会或经济机会来改善他们的生活。仿写：The student who_was_praised_at_the_meeting is the monitor.在会议上受到表扬的那名学生是班长。D限时8分Our planet Earth is paratively small, with only about 24,902 miles around the equator (赤道). Its surface area may seem largest at 196,935,000 square miles, but of this, 71% is covered by sea. The actual land surface covers some 57,500,000 square miles 29% of the total surface area.Once again, this seems vast until we take into account the largely uninhabited regions such as the huge wastes of the Arctic and Antarctic, the deserts and wetlands. These regions are not always totally uninhabited, but they can usually support only very small populations.At present there is still enough space on Earth for humans and wildlife, but what of the future? Our world cannot grow any larger, yet the human population keeps growing every year! As of July xx, there were almost 6.7 billion (十亿) people on the planet, and current estimates suggest that the population could be as high as 9.1 billion by as soon as 2050.While the birthrate is slowing a little in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, in many other parts of the world, including developing countries, populations continue to grow. This population explosion is responsible for most world environmental problems today; so whether our main concern is to breathe cleaner air, to drink purer water, to eliminate pollution, to protect wildlife and countryside, to produce more food to eat or to reach a higher standard of living generally, our chances of achieving any of these things bee faint as the population increases sharply. The Earths resources are vast but limited. We have a tendency to look to the shortterm, rather than seeing the bigger picture of the future.This is why it is so important that young people learn about looking after the planetso that future generations of adults act responsibly with regard to the environment and create a future that is continuable, both for humans and all the other species with which we share our world.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。随着世界人口的不断增加，陆地可开发利用的空间越来越小，我们应该保护我们所生活的地球，使我们的地球家园更加可持续生存。12What does the author worry about?AHow to find ways to live in uninhabited regions.BThe Earth is turning smaller and smaller.CWhether there is enough space for creatures in the future.DWhat people will live on in the future.答案C推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句的疑问句“At present there is.what of the future？”可以推断出，作者对于未来的人和野生动物是否还有足够的生存空间感到担心。故选C。13According to the text, we can infer that _.Athe population will increase by about 0.6 billion every ten yearsBthe birthrate around the equator is a little lowCpopulation explosion is caused by environmental problemsDmore population brings more resources答案A推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，从xx年的大约67亿人口到2050年的91亿人口，在42年中，人口大约要增长24亿，即每十年大约增长6亿。故选A。由第四段第一句可知，北半球的某些地区人口出生率偏低，故B项错误；由第四段第二句可知，大部分环境问题是由急剧增多的人口造成的，故C项错误；D项不合常理。14What does the underlined word “faint” mean?AImportant.BSlight.CNecessary.DInteresting.答案B词义猜测题。画线词前面提到人们想要呼吸更清洁的空气、喝更纯净的水、消除污染、保护野生生物和乡村、生产出更多的食物或普遍地达到一个更高的生活标准，而人口数量的急剧增加，使人们实现任何事情的机会都变得微小了。故可推断出，faint的意思是“微小的，可能性不大的”，对比选项可知，slight“微小的”含义与其相近。故选B。15Which of the following ideas is suggested by the author?ATaking strong measures to control the birthrate.BSaving the Earths natural resources.CCalling on the young to care for the planet.DProtecting the endangered species.答案C推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，作者呼吁年轻人关爱地球，以便保护人类和其他物种未来的生存空间。故选C。1totally adv. 完全地；全部地2explosion n. 爆炸；扩张1take.into account 考虑；重视2be responsible for 对负责原文：This is why it is so important that young people learn about looking after the planet.(表语从句)译文：这就是年轻人应学会关爱地球显得如此重要的原因。仿写：I thought, this_is_why_Ive_travelled thousands of miles.我想，这就是我不远千里赶来的原因。A限时8分xx广西毕业班测试Over the past 20 years, scientists studying monarch butterflies (帝王蝶) have noticed that the number of monarch butterflies has dropped by about 90 percent. But help may soon be on the way for these brightorangeandblack butterflies.Recently a petition (申请书) was sent by the Center for Biological Diversity, the Center for Food Safety, and the Xerces Society to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, who announced it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species. By officially labeling monarch butterflies as endangered, the government can then carry out specific plans to help increase the population of monarch butterflies.Monarch butterflies are known for their impressive, almost 3,000mile migration each fall. When the weather starts to get cooler, the butterflies move from summer habitats in Canada and the northern US to warmer winter homes in Mexico and California.The drop in numbers of this beloved butterfly is partly because of farming practices in the US Midwest, where monarch butterflies are first born. Many farmers there use chemicals that destroy unwanted plants. Unluckily, the chemicals are also destroying the milkweed plant, which monarch caterpillars (毛虫) feed on.In the past 20 years, monarch butterflies have lost about 165 million acres of their habitats, an area about the size of Texas. Thats about a third of their summer breeding grounds. And most of their wintering grounds in Mexico and California have suffered from droughts, heat waves, and severe storms, which have been damaging the creatures. Heavy logging (伐木) in these regions has also been destroying monarch butterflies habitats.If officials label monarch butterflies as endangered, the US Fish and Wildlife Service will try their best to ensure that monarch butterflies do not die out. “To protect our nations wildlife, the government should recognize the dangerous situation of monarch butterflies，” says Sarina Jepsen of the Xerces Society. “Protection as an endangered species will enable monarch butterflies habitat recovery on both public and private lands.”篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。在过去的20年里，帝王蝶的数量剧减。本文分析了帝王蝶面临的困难并提出了解决的方法。1According to the passage, monarch butterflies _.Amove a lot each seasonBare under great protectionCare listed as an endangered speciesDare at serious risk of dying out答案D推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“scientists studying monarch butterflies (帝王蝶) have noticed that the number of monarch butterflies has dropped by about 90 percent”可知，帝王蝶的数量减少了大约90%。据此可推知，帝王蝶面临着严重的灭绝危险。故D项正确。2Why do some scientists want to label monarch butterflies as an endangered species?ATo stop their migration.BTo offer them new habitats.CTo provide them with better protection.DTo figure out the detailed number of them.答案C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“the government can then carry out specific plans to help increase the population of monarch butterflies”和最后一段中的“Protection as an endangered species.and private lands”可知，将帝王蝶列为濒危物种是为了更好地保护它们。故C项正确。3What do Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly talk about?AThe hard times monarch butterflies are facing.BFarmers use chemicals on purpose to destroy the milkweed plant.CMankinds activities cause monarch butterflies extinction.DEnvironmental problems are main reasons for monarch butterflies extinction.答案A主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，该段主要介绍了农药的使用对帝王蝶数量的影响；第五段主要介绍了受干旱、炎热和暴风雨等的影响帝王蝶的栖息地减少。据此可以判断，第四、五段主要介绍了帝王蝶面临的艰难时期。故A项正确。4_ is the biggest threat to monarch butterflies at present.AThe lack of habitatsBThe shortage of foodCHeavy loggingDThe severe storm答案A推理判断题。文章第五段提及帝王蝶因栖息地减少而面临着恶劣的生存环境；文章最后一句中的“will enable monarch butterflies habitat recovery on both public and private lands”提到恢复帝王蝶的栖息地；据此可以判断，目前帝王蝶面临的最严重的威胁是栖息地的不足。故A项正确。1announce vt. 宣布，宣称2ensure vt. 确保3.recovery n. 恢复1carry out 实施，执行，履行2be known for 因而出名原文：“To protect our nations wildlife, the government should recognize the dangerous situation of monarch butterflies，” says Sarina Jepsen of the Xerces Society.(不定式作目的状语)译文：薛西斯戈灰蝶协会的Sarina Jepsen说，“为了保护全国野生生物，政府应当意识到帝王蝶的危险境地。”仿写：To_get_good_grades,_Tom studies hard.为了取得好成绩，汤姆努力学习。B限时7分xx太原模拟Polar bears were added to the list of threatened species and will receive special protection under the US law. In his statement, United States Secretary of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne noted that the decline of Arctic sea ice is the greatest threat to the bears. Polar bears live in the Arctic and hunt seals and other fatty marine mammals from sea ice. They also travel, mate, and sometimes give birth on the ice. But sea ice is melting as the planet warms, and it is predicted to continue to do so for several more decades. “Polar bears are likely to bee endangered in the foreseeable future，” Kempthorne said. Although many scientists say that human activity is directly responsible for the melting sea ice, the protection of polar bears will not change the US climate policy.The US classifies the polar bear as a kind of marine mammal, which means that the bears new threatened status will not stop oil exploration in its habitat. Hunting polar bears as a food source by certain native people will also continue. However, importing polar bear p