中考语法复习专题六动词.ppt

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专题六 动 词,考点一动词的分类 动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类:行为(实义)动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。 1行为(实义)动词 实义动词意义完整,能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语,又可细分为及物动词和不及物动词。 (1)及物动词(vt.)要求跟宾语。 I learn English every day. (English是learn的宾语) 我每天都学英语。,(2)及物动词可以跟 “双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语),也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。 People give me their money. 人们给我钱。 In England,people usually call me Jim for short. 在英国,人们通常简称我Jim。 I found a little boy cry in the corner yesterday. 昨天我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。 (3)不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语。 We arrived at London at noon. 我们中午到达伦敦。,注:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。 带双宾语的动词有:give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read,return等。,2系动词 系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 She is very young.她很年轻。 常见的系动词有:be,become(变成),get(成为;变得),look(看上去),seem(似乎;好像),turn(变得),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(感觉),keep(保持)。这些词没有被动语态形式,也不用于进行时态。,3助动词 助动词(v. aux.)本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独用作谓语。助动词有be,have,shall (should),will (would)和do。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。 (1)助动词be有下列几种形式:,助动词be的功能有两个:与现在分词构成各种进行时态;和过去分词构成各种被动语态。 We are playing basketball.我们正在打篮球。 The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。,(2)助动词have有下列几种形式: 助动词have与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态。,(3)助动词do有下列几种形式: 助动词do的功能有四个:构成疑问句、否定句,作代动词和加强语气。 Do you live in Beijing?你住在北京吗?,(4)助动词will(过去式是would)和shall(过去式是should)有下列几种形式:,助动词will (would)和shall (should)用于构成一般将来时和过去将来时态。will (would)可用于一切人称,shall (should)用于第一人称,较正式,现今多代之以will (would)。 I shall/will be eighteen next year. 明年我就18岁了。,4情态动词 情态动词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气或情态等,如“可能”、“应当”。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词多数没有人称和数的变化。主要有:can/could,may/might,must,need,dare,will/would,shall/should等。 (1)can的用法:表示能力,意为“能;会”;表示推测,意为“可能”;表示请求允许,意为“可以”。以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定和否定回答分别用can和cant。 He can look after himself.他能照料自己。,(2)may 的用法:表示请求、许可,意为“可以”;表示猜测,意为“可能;也许”等。can与may均可用来征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用;以may开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答应用may,而其否定回答则多用mustnt,而不用may not。,(3)must的用法:表示“必须;应该”;表示推测,“一定”。must表示推测时一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can,否定句中也用may,但may not表示“可能不”,而cant表示“不可能”。否定句中,mustnt表示禁止,意为“不允许”;以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用neednt,neednt表示“不需要;不必”,相当于dont have to。 You must tell your reason.你必须说出你的理由。,(4)need的用法:need 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。need作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。而need作实义动词时,有人称、数的变化,后接带to的不定式。 You neednt come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. 如果你有重要的事,下午的会就不必来了。 Does she need to come? 她需要来吗?,注:比较can和be able to 两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式,其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外,be able to常常有做成了某件事的意味。,must和cant must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。推测的否定形式、疑问形式用cant, couldnt表示。 He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作。 Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。,考点二短语动词 英语中有许多动词可以加上介词、副词等构成短语动词。短语动词像动词一样有及物和不及物之分。它们尽管由几个词构成,但可以作为一个整体看待,同行为动词一样使用。 常用的构成方式主要有以下五种:,1动词副词 可用作及物或不及物动词,如ring up“打电话”(用作及物动词),look out“小心”(用作不及物动词)。如果用作及物短语动词应注意宾语位置的不同: 宾语如果是名词,可以放在副词后面,也可以放在动词与副词之间;宾语如果是代词,则必须放在副词和动词之间。 Please put on your coat.请穿上你的外套。 Lets think it over.咱们再仔细考虑一下。,2动词介词 相当于一个及物动词。无论宾语是名词还是代词,都应放在介词之后。 Youll look after her at home.你要在家照料她。 Im looking for my MP4.我正在找我的MP4。 3动词副词介词 这类动词一律用作及物动词,如do away with“去掉”,go back to“回到(某处)去”。此种结构中,宾语要放在介词之后。 The boy gets on well with his classmates. 这个男孩与同学们相处得很融洽。,4动词名词介词 这类动词也只能用作及物动词,如take care of“照顾”,make use of“利用”。此种结构中,宾语放在介词之后。 Well take part in the meeting tomorrow. 明天我们都将参加会议。 注:有些“动词副词”结构和“动词介词”结构相当于一个及物动词。,go bypass经过 keep oncontinue继续 call onvisit拜访 ring uptelephone打电话 set outstart开始 care forlike喜欢 5be形容词介词 形容词包括起形容词作用的分词,这类短语动词也相当于及物动词,如be ready for“为做好准备”,be fond of“喜欢”,be afraid of“害怕”。,专题训练7 动词 (训练时间:45分钟 分值:50分),1If anybody calls, tell them Im out and ask them to _their names and addresses. Apass Bwrite CTake Dleave 解析:考查动词词义辨析。pass“传递”;write“写”;take“带走”;leave“留下”。由句意知是要求打电话的人留下他们的姓名和地址,故选D。 答案:D,2My uncle called and asked me if I had _the birthday gift from him. Ainvented Braised Creceived Dordered 解析:考查动词词义辨析。invent“发明”;raise“举起”;receive“收到”;order“命令,预订”。由句意知选C。 答案:C,3(2012乌鲁木齐)I dont think well be able to_ any travel if we dont save our money. Aafford Bspend Ccost Dpay 解析:考查动词辨析。由“if we dont save our money”可知,“我们”支付不起旅游的费用。afford“支付得起,买得起”,符合句意。故选A。 答案:A,4(2012武汉)The roof of the house needs repairing. Its raining now, youd better get something to_ rain drops. Acontrol Bcover Ccarry Dcatch 解析:考查动词辨析。catch rain drops“接住/装雨水”,符合语境。故选D。 答案:D,5(2012长沙)The model ship is wonderful. It _ me two days to make it. Atook Bcost Cspent 解析:考查动词辨析。take“花费”,常用于“It takes sb.time/money to do sth.”结构中,意思是“花费某人时间/金钱做某事”;cost“价钱为”,主语是物;spend“花费”,主语是人。故选A。 答案:A,6(2012呼和浩特)I wont have time to go shopping with you this afternoon. But you_ me yesterday. Aordered BMentioned Cpromised Dknew 解析:考查动词辨析。order“命令”;mention“涉及”;promise“许诺”;know“知道”。根据转折词But可知,此处表示“你昨天许诺了要和我一起去购物”,故选C。 答案:C,7(2012安徽)To protect the environment, supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags to shoppers. Atake Bshow Cprovide Dcarry 解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意为“为了保护环境,超市不给购物者提供免费的塑料袋”。take“带走”;show“展示,展览”;provide“提供,供给”;carry“搬运,携带”。故选C。 答案:C,8“Dont _to strangers on your way to and from school,”Mother often _to me. Aspeak;says Bspeak;tells Ctalk;speaks Dtalk;tells 解析:考查易混动词用法辨析。speak“讲话,说话”,强调动作;say强调说话的内容;talk强调说话的双方;tell用于tell sb.sth.或tell sb.to do sth.结构。根据句意“不要跟陌生人说话”,强调动作;“妈妈经常对我说”,强调说的内容。故选A。 答案:A,9(2012沈阳)After the students _ their exams, they celebrated by having a party. Apassed Bfailed Cjoined Dgave 解析:考查动词词义辨析。pass“通过”;fail“失败”;join“参加”;give“给予”。句意为“学生们通过考试后,他们举行了派对来庆祝”。故选A。 答案:A,10Look! There is a horse racing program on TV now. Hmm.It _exciting. Aseems Blooks like Cfeels Dseems like 解析:考查连系动词的用法。seem“似乎,好像”;look like“看起来像”;feel“感觉”;seem like“似乎像”。look like和seem like后要接名词,故排除;it指代上文中的赛马节目,feel不能与其搭配,也应排除。故选A。 答案:A,11(2012西宁)Last Thursday when I got to the station, I _ I had left my ticket at home. Aunderstood Brealized Cbelieved Dseemed 解析:考查动词辨析。understand“理解”;realize“意识到”;believe“相信”;seem“看起来”。句意为“上周四当我到达车站时,我意识到我把票忘在家里了”。故选B。 答案:B,12(2012苏州)Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _ nice. Afeels Bsmells Clooks Dtastes 解析:考查动词辨析。feel“感觉”;smell“闻起来”;look“看起来”;taste“尝起来”。根据“eat with their eyes”可知,此处表示“他们更喜欢点看起来不错的东西”,故选C。 答案:C,13(2012山西)Dear, you need to_ by next week, to go to university at home or to go abroad. You are going on eighteen. OK, Mum. I am considering it. Amake an appointment Bmake a suggestion Cmake a decision 解析:考查动词短语辨析。make an appointment“预约”;make a suggestion“给出建议”;make a decision“作出决定”。根据答语“我正在考虑”可知,此处表示“在国内还是去国外上大学,你需要在下周之前作出决定”。故选C。 答案:C,14Dont be afraid of new words. You can _in the dictionary. Alook at them Blook for them Clook them up Dlook them over 解析:考查动词短语的辨析。look at“看”;look for“寻找”;look up“(在词典等中)查找”;look over“检查”。由上句“不要害怕生词”可知,本句为“你可以在词典里查到它们”,故选C。 答案:C,15(2012黄冈)Do you have Jays CDs? Sorry, they are _. But well get some more next week because they _. Asold well; are on sale Bsold out; sell well Cselling well; sell well Dfor sale; sell well 解析:考查固定词组搭配。sell out“卖完”,可以用被动语态;sell well“畅销”,不能用被动语态。句意为“你有Jay的光盘吗?”“对不起,已经卖光了。但是我们在下周将再进一些来,因为很畅销。”故选B。 答案:B,16(2012兰州)I like these photos and they can _ me _ the life living in the countryside. Athink; of Bremind; of Clet; down Dwake; up 解析:考查动词短语辨析。think of “认为”;remind of“使想起”;let down“使失望”;wake up“叫醒”。句意为“我喜欢这些照片,它们可以使我想起在农村的生活”。故选B。 答案:B,17With the help of the Internet, information can _every corner of the world quickly. Ago Bland Creach Darrive 解析:考查动词辨析。go和arrive是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟名词,故排除A、D两项;land“降落”;reach“到达”。由句意“在因特网的帮助下,信息能很快地到达地球上的每个角落”可知选C。 答案:C,18(2012青海)Enough sleep is good for health. If you_ for your favorite TV programs, you will feel sleepy. Astay up Bset up Cgive up Dpick up 解析:考查动词短语辨析。stay up“熬夜”;set up“建立”;give up“放弃”;pick up“捡起”。句意为“足够的睡眠对健康有益。如果你熬夜看你最喜欢的电视节目,你会感觉到困倦的”。故选A。 答案:A,19(2012临沂)If you love what you are doing and work hard, you will _ anything difficult and succeed. Aget to Bget over Cget on Dget up 解析:考查动词短语辨析。get to“到达”;get over“克服”;get on“上车”;get up“起床”。由下文“anything difficult and succeed”可知,空格处是指克服困难,故正确答案选B。 答案:B,20(2012贵阳)When you leave the reading room, you should remember to_ the lights. Aturn on Bturn down Cturn off 解析:考查动词短语辨析。turn on“打开”;turn down“关小”;turn off“关上”。根据“当你离开阅览室时”可知,此处表示“你应该记得把灯关上”,故选C。 答案:C,21(2012贵阳)Jimmy has sixteen broken bikes to_ and give away to kids who dont have bikes. Afix up Bset up Cput up 解析:考查动词短语辨析。fix up“修理,改进”;set up“建立,创立”;put up“建造,张贴”。句意为“吉米让人修好了16辆坏了的自行车,然后把它们分给没有自行车的孩子们”。故选A。 答案:A,22Some parents might worry that their childrens hobbies can _schoolwork. Aget the way of Bget on the way of Cget on well with Dget in the way of 解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意为“一些家长可能担心他们孩子的爱好会妨碍孩子们的学业”。get in the way of“妨碍”为固定词组。 答案:D,23Dont _too late,or you will feel tired in class. Awake up Bget up Cstay up Dstand up 解析:考查动词短语的辨析。wake up“叫醒,醒来”;get up“起床”;stay up“熬夜”;stand up“站起来”。由后句“否则在课堂上你会感到很累”可知本句为“不要熬夜到太晚”,故选C项。 答案:C,24The food here smells good, but what does it _like? Ataste Btouch Cseem Dfeel 解析:考查连系动词的用法。taste“尝起来”;touch“触摸,接触”,为行为动词;seem“似乎,好像”;feel“摸起来”。由“这儿的食物闻起来不错”知要问“但尝起来怎么样呢?”故选A项。 答案:A,25(2012河南)What smells terrible, Ted? Im sorry. Ill_ my shoes and wash them at once. Atake away Bput away Cmove away Dget away 解析:考查动词短语辨析。take away“拿走”;put away“收拾”;move away“移动”;get away“离开”。根据“什么闻起来这么难闻”以及“Im sorry.”可知,此处表示“我马上把我的鞋拿去洗”,故选A。 答案:A,26We cant do listening practice today,for Miss Zhaos taperecorder doesnt _. Aact Bdo Cserve Dwork 解析:考查动词词义辨析。act“表演”;do“做”;serve“为服务”;work“工作,(机器)运转,活动”。句意为“今天我们不能进行听力训练了,因为赵老师的录音机坏了”。故D项符合题意。 答案:D,27(2012武汉)After winning the badminton championship at Wuhan Sports Center in May, the Chinese players faces _ with joy. Amade up Btook up Cput up Dlit up 解析:考查动词短语。make up“组成,构成”;take up“占用,从事”;put up“张贴,举起”;light up“(使)变得喜悦,(使)兴奋起来”。根据“winning the badminton championship”可知选D。 答案:D,28How does Jack usually go to school? He _ride a bike,but now he _there to lose weight. Aused to;is used to walk Bwas used to;is used to walking Cwas used to;is used to walk Dused to;is used to walking 解析:考查动词短语的用法。used to表示“过去常常”,后跟动词原形;be used to表示“习惯于”,后跟动名词。答语句意“他过去经常骑自行车,可现在他为了减肥习惯于走着去那里”。故选D。 答案:D,29Some people waste too much water. They dont believe that it can _some day. Akeep out Brun out Cbe run out Drun out of 解析:考查动词短语的用法。run out表示“被用完了”,含有被动含义,后不接宾语,其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词或代词。run out of表示“用完(use up)”,后接宾语。故选B。 答案:B,30What are you doing,Uncle Wang? I am sorting out old books and Ill _to kids in West China. Agive them up Bgive them away Cgive them off Dgive them in 解析:考查含有give的动词短语辨析。give up“放弃”;give away“赠送”;give off“发出”;give in“屈服”。答句句意是“我在挑选一些旧书,并将它们赠送给中国西部的孩子们”。故选B。 答案:B,31(2012包头)Can you go and find out when the plane to New York_? Aputs off Bgets off Ctakes off Dbreaks off 解析:考查动词短语辨析。put off“推迟”;get off“下车”;take off“脱下,起飞”;break off“中断”。由主语“the plane”可知,此处表示去纽约的飞机何时起飞,故选C。 答案:C,32(2012苏州)Maggie wanted an evening job that would allow her to _ her son during the day. Alook at Blook around Clook after Dlook out 解析:考查动词短语辨析。look at“看”;look around“四处环顾”;look after“照看,照顾”;look out“当心”。句意为“Maggie想找一份允许她在白天可以照顾她儿子的夜间工作”。故选C。 答案:C,33(2012南昌)More and more students _ too much homework and they are really tired of it. Acomplain about Bcare about Clearn about Dhear about 解析:考查动词短语辨析。complain about“抱怨”;care about“在意,关心”;learn about“获得,得知有关的消息”;hear about“听说”。由“they are really tired of it”可知,越来越多的学生抱怨作业太多。故选A。 答案:A,34(2012河北)_ your name on the paper and you can get a magazine. ACut down BLook down CTurn down DPut down 解析:考查动词短语辨析。cut down“削减”;look down“俯视”;turn down“关小”;put down“写下”。句意为“把你的名字写在纸上,你就可以获得一本杂志”。故选D。 答案:D,35Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks _ in the pink dress! Alovely Bquietly Cpolitely Dhappily 解析:考查连系动词的用法。连系动词looks后需用形容词作表语。B、C、D三项均为副词,故选A。 答案:A,36(2012山西)Our school had to_ the soccer games because of the bad weather, which made students frustrated. Aput on Bput off Cput up 解析:考查动词短语辨析。put on“穿上,上演”;put off“推迟”;put up“张贴,搭建”。由句意可知选B。 答案:B,37(2012武汉)Once the actor Edwards told his fans, “Be yourself and dont let anybody _ you around.” Apull Bpush Ctake Dturn 解析:考查动词辨析。pull“拉”;push“推,逼迫(某人)做某事”,push sb. around“蛮横地指使某人做某事,摆布某人”;没有take sb. around这个短语,只有常见的show sb. around“带领某人参观”;turn around“转身,转向”。 答案:B,38(2012青海)Must I return the book before Friday, Miss Zhang? No, you_. You can keep it for another two days. Amustnt Bcant Cmay not Dneednt 解析:考查情态动词的用法。mustnt“禁止”;cant“不可能”;may not表示否定的推测;neednt“没有必要”。must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答用neednt。故选D。 答案:D,39(2012包头)You _ be excited that youre going back to your hometown soon. Yes, I cant wait any longer. Ashall Bcan Cneed Dmust 解析:考查情态动词。由答语中“I cant wait any longer.”可知,此处对方的语气是非常肯定的,故选D。 答案:D,40_ I take some photos in the hall? No, you _. ACan; neednt BMust; mustnt CCould; wont DMay; mustnt 解析:第一个空表示请求、许可,用情态动词may,may引导的一般疑问句的否定回答用mustnt,表示禁止。 答案:D,41(2012成都)Excuse me, whose Japanese book is this? It _ be Toms. In our class, only he is studying Japanese. Amust Bcant Cwould 解析:考查情态动词。根据“In our class, only he is studying Japanese.”可知,日语书一定是汤姆的。must表示肯定推测和判断,意为“肯定,一定”。故选A。 答案:A,42(2012柳州)_ I ask you a question? Sure. AMay BWould CDo 解析:考查情态动词的用法。根据答语“当然可以”可知,此处表示委婉地询问“我可以问你一个问题吗?”。may可以用来表示委婉的语气。故选A。 答案:A,43There _ a charity show this weekend. Would you like to join us? Of course. Id love to. Ais Bhas Cwill be Dwill have 解析:由this weekend推知考查there be结构的一般将来时,即there will be或there is going to be形式,而选项中只有will be,故选C。 答案:C,44(2012黄石)Is Maria knocking at the door? It_ be her. She is in Australia now. Amay not Bneednt Cmustnt Dcant 解析:考查情态动词。may不用于否定的推测;mustnt“禁止”;neednt“不需要”;cant表示否定的推测。根据答语“她现在在澳大利亚”可知,此处表示“否定的推测”,意思是“不可能是她”。故选D。 答案:D,45(2012南昌)Last year I _ drive. I used to take the bus. Acould Bcouldnt Cshould Dshouldnt 解析:考查情态动词。由“I used to take the bus.”可知,去年“我”不会开车。couldnt意为“不会,不能”,符合语境。故选B。 答案:B,46_ late for school again, Tim! Sorry, I promise that I _. ADont; wont BDont be; wont CDont be; dont DDont; will 解析:第一个空考查祈使句的否定形式Dont动词原形,第二个空用将来时的否定形式。 答案:B,47(2012苏州)I hear youve got a new iPhone 4S. _ I have a look? Yes, certainly. AMay BDo CShall DShould 解析:考查情态动词的用法。请求看对方的手机应该用比较委婉的语气,may在表示许可或请求许可时,语气委婉,故选A。 答案:A,48(2012河南)Do you have any plans for this weekend? Im not sure. I _ go climbing Mount Yuntai. Amust Bneed Cmay Dcan 解析:考查情态动词的用法。根据“Im not sure”可判断此处表示可能性很小的推测,意思是“我可能去爬云台山”,may表示推测,符合语境,故选C。 答案:C,49(2012吉林)People_ always be careful with fire, or it can be dangerous. Acan Bneednt Cmust Dshouldnt 解析:考查情态动词。由“or it can be dangerous”可知,人们必须时刻注意防火,故选C。 答案:C,50(2012福州)Mum, must I stay there the whole day? No, you_. You _ come back after lunch, if you like. AMustnt; can BNeednt; must CNeednt; may 解析:考查情态动词的用法。must引导的疑问句,否定回答应用neednt;再根据后面的“if you like”可知,如果你愿意,可以午餐后回来,故第二个空用may。 答案:C,
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