2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题2.4WildlifeProtection词汇短语含解析.doc

2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题2.4WildlifeProtection词汇短语含解析【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1. decrease v. 减少；（使）变小；变少 n. 减少；降低；减少的数量，其后常接介词in/of【教材原句】If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease.(P25)如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或是它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。【归纳拓展】on the decrease在减少中decrease to. 减少到decrease by. 减少了decrease from.to. 从减少到increase vi.&vt. 增加；增长；增强n.增加；增加的数量on the increase 在增加中increase to .增加到increase by .增加了【即学即练】完成句子（1）The accidents have decreased 20%since the measure has been taken.自从采取这项措施以来，事故下降了20%。（2）The mistakes he has made are the decrease.他犯的错误正在减少。（3）The membership increased 150.会员数增加到150人。（4）The number of students in the class has increased 20.班级里的人数增加了20人。【易混辨析】reduce/decreasereduce强调在“数量、大小，程度或强度”方面下降或减少。decrease侧重强调“稳定地，逐渐地，不断地”减少。2. respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应【教材原句】Daisy responded immediately. 戴茜立即做出回答。【归纳拓展】respond to.回应；对做出反应respond that. 回答说response n. 回答；响应；反应in response to 响应；反应(通常作状语)make (no) response to 对(不)做出反应/回答【即学即练】（1）Im not sure how he will your answer.我不确定他对你的答复会做何反应。（2）He responded he would be pleased to attend the party.他回答说他很高兴参加派对。（3）The product was developed in (respond) to customer demand.这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。3. affect vt. 影响；侵袭；相当于；使感动；激起（悲伤、愤怒、爱等情绪）【教材原句】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 它含有一种强效的药物可以预防蚊子。【易混辨析】affect/effect/influenceaffect表示“影响，（病）侵袭”，多指不好的影响。当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智或感情上的影响，即“使感动”。effect表示“影响”时，是名词，指由于某种原因直接产生的结果，常用短语为：have an effect on对有影响；in effect正在实行；实际上；side effect副作用；take effect开始实行；开始生效；without effect没有效果；e into effect生效；实施；bring/carry sth. into effect使生效；be of no effect 无效果。influence多指对人的思想、观念、心理情绪等内在的东西产生潜移默化的影响，或对人的决定、行为等造成某种程度的影响。【即学即练】选词填空：affect, effect, influence（1）The disease is beginning to her brain.疾病逐渐侵袭她的大脑。 （2）We are deeply by his devotion to work.他对工作的奉献令我们深受感动。 （3）The book had a great on his life. 这本书对他的人生影响很大。 （4）Foreign food and climates can have an on your health. 异国的食品和气候可能会对你的健康产生影响. 【答案】（1）affect（2）affected（3）influence（4）effect单项填空Sichuan province by the earthquake，causing difficulties to the post festival road transport. A. were affected B. was affectedC. had effected D. has affected4. appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；意识到；体会；理解 【教材原句】You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together.(P26)你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。【归纳拓展】appreciate doing sth.感激/喜欢做某事I would appreciate it if. 如果我会不胜感激I appreciate your ability very much.我很欣赏你的能力。We shall appreciate hearing from you again.能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能帮助我做这件事，我将不胜感激。appreciation n. 欣赏；鉴别；感激in appreciation of. 作为对的感谢；为感谢【即学即练】（1）I appreciate your us very much.我非常感激你帮助我们。（2）I would appreciate if you let me have that chance.要是你让我得到那个机会我将不胜感激。（3）He was given a rise in _ (appreciate) of his excellent work.由于欣赏他的工作出色而给他提薪。【答案】（1）helping（2）it（3）appreciation（4）I really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had time B. having timeC. to have time D. to having time 【名师点津】appreciate后可接名词、代词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。表示“感激，感谢”时，其后的宾语只能为“物”，不能为“人”。其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it，即：appreciate it if/when .。学% 【易混辨析】appreciate/thankappreciate表示“感激，感谢”时的结构为：appreciate (doing) sth.； appreciate it if/when .thank表示“感谢”时的结构为：thank sb. for sth.。5. mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；宽容；恩惠；幸运；怜悯【教材原句】Farmers hunted us without mercy. 农民们毫不留情地猎杀我们。【归纳拓展】at the mercy of sb./sth. 任由某人(某事物)摆布或控制have mercy on/upon 对有怜悯心show mercy to sb. 宽恕/怜悯某人without mercy 毫不留情地；残忍地merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的They showed mercy to their enemies. 他们对敌人很仁慈。Its a mercy she wasnt hurt in the accident. 她在事故中未受伤, 真幸运。【即学即练】完成句子（1）We had no choice and had to be the sea.我们别无选择，只好受大海的摆布。（2）The kind man showed _ the child who is homeless.这个好心人对这个无家可归的孩子表示怜悯。（3）They had mercy their neighbor for he suffered a lot.他们对邻居表示同情，他受的苦难太多了。【答案】（1）at the mercy of（2）mercy to（3）on/upon翻译句子 （4）那只船在暴风雨中失去了控制。（5）可怜可怜我们吧！6. succeed vi.成功；继承 vt.接替；继任【教材原句】What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed?如果野生动植物保护想取得成功的话，必须采取什么样的措施呢？【归纳拓展】succeed in(doing)sth.成功完成某事succeed to sth. 继承success n. 成功successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 圆满地；顺利地；成功地He succeeded in getting a place at art school.他被艺术学校录取了。She succeeded to the throne (= became queen) in 1558.她于1558年继承王位。Whats the secret of your success?你成功的秘诀是什么？We congratulated them on the successful pletion of the project.我们祝贺他们工程顺利竣工。【即学即练】（1）Who will his wealth?谁来继承他的财产呢？（2）Did he succeed in (pass) the exam?他考试及格了吗？（3）He met with (succeed)in his business.他在事业上获得了成功。【答案】（1）succeed to（2）passing（3）success【语境助记】After succeeding to his fathers pany as president of it successfully，he succeeded in making the pany more successful in its field，which helped to make him a big success in turn.在他成功地继承了父亲的公司并成为公司总裁之后，他使公司在自己的领域里获得了更大的成功。反过来，公司的成功也成就了他的成功人士的地位。7. harm n.&vt. 损害；伤害【教材原句】What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals?应该采取什么措施来惩罚那些危害动物的人们呢？【归纳拓展】do harm to sb./sth.do sb./sth.harm 对造成伤害there is no harm in不妨harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的be harmful to对有害【即学即练】（1）Modern farming method the countryside.现代的耕作方式对乡村造成了很大的损害。（2）There is a general awareness that smoking is _ (harm)8. bite vt.& vi. (bit，bitten) 咬；叮；刺痛；强忍(不说) n咬；叮；咬(叮/蜇)伤；(咬下的)一口【教材原句】What should you do if you are being bitten by mosquitoes?如果你正在被蚊子叮咬，你应该做什么？【归纳拓展】bite at向咬去；冲叫骂；上当bite back 反唇相讥；强忍不说出来bite ones lips 压抑怒气或悲伤bite ones tongue 强忍着不说be bitten by sth. 热衷于(着迷)某事bite sb.in the leg咬某人的腿（bite人介词the部位）【即学即练】（1）They are too knowing to bite such a bait.他们很老练，不上这种当。（2）The dog bit the thief the leg.那只狗咬了小偷的腿。（3）Hes been bitten the travel bug .他迷上了旅游。9. inspect vt. 检查;视察【教材原句】When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.(P30)科学家们观察它们的骨头时,惊奇地发现它们不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑,而且还可以爬树。【归纳拓展】inspect sb./sth. for sth. 检查；查看；审视inspection n.检查;调查carry out an inspection展开调查inspector n.检查员;督导员【易混辨析】inspect, examine, check, investigateinspect 检查，视察，强调视察和官方行为，重在监督。examine通过仔细地检查来找出缺点或漏洞，审查，带有严肃和正规的意思check检验或测试某物的准确度或真假以确保正确、安全等，检查、核对、查证，侧重核对。investigate为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况来进行深入细致地侦察、调查。【即学即练】inspect, examine, check, investigate辨析（1）The Public Utilities mission us once a year. 公共事业委员会每年到我们这里视察一次。（2）He her passport and stamped it. 他仔细检查了她的护照，然后在上面盖了章。（3） the container for cracks or leaks.检验容器是否有裂缝或者漏的地方。（4）Police are possible links between the murders.警察正在调查这些谋杀案之间是否存在关联。10. contain v.包含，容纳 ；控制，抑制（感情）【教材原句】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 它含有一种强效的药物可以预防蚊子。【归纳拓展】contain还有抑制，忍住的含义。container n.容器，集装箱； containment n.控制Toms paper contained no mistakes at all. 汤姆的试卷里根本没有错误。【易混辨析】contain和includecontaincontain vt. 表示“包含，含有；能容纳”，侧重指内容或成分，其主语和宾语不属于同类。include侧重指范围，其主语和宾语属于同类，是整体与部分的关系。后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。【即学即练】单项选择（1） You look upset. What is the matter? I lost my handbag _ my ID card and a lot of cash. A. including B. containing C. included D. contained（2）-How about this kind of fruit? -Oh, this kind of fruit _ lots of vitamin C and B. A. remains B. includes C. contains D. holds【解析】（1）B本题考查include和contain的区别。contain“装有”，与bag构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用containing.句意：我丢了我的包，里面装有装有我的身份证和一大笔钱。（2）C 表示“包含、含有某种成分用contain。11. suggest vt. 建议；提出（意见、计划、理论等）；暗示；表明【归纳拓展】suggest+doing 建议做suggest sb./sb.s doing sth. 建议某人做某事（不说suggest sb. to do sth.）suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议 ；使某人想起（不能说suggest sb. sth.）suggest (to sb.)+that从句(向某人)建议。（所接从句用虚拟语气：sb.+should+动词原形，should可以省略）It is suggested that . 建议是suggest sth. 暗示；表明suggest+that从句 暗示；表明（从句用陈述语气）I suggest doing it in another way. 我建议换一种方式做这件事。 They suggested another shop to us.他们向我们建议了另一家商店。 She suggested that we（should）have lunch at the new restaurant.她建议我们在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐。 Her expression suggested that she had told a lie.她的表情表明她撒了谎。【名师点津】suggestion, advice, proposal作“建议”讲时，相关的名词性从句要用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we (should) go to the cinema together.我建议我们一块儿去看电影。(表语从句)Its suggested that you (should) stay here for another week.建议你在这儿再待一个星期。(主语从句)He gave me an suggestion that I should go to Shanghai for a holiday.他建议我去上海旅游。(同位语从句) 【易混辨析】suggest和advise的用法相同点：都可表示建议做某事， advise与suggest后面都可接名词/动名词/ that从句(should加动词原形，should可以省略)。例如:他建议(我们)再等一会儿。He advised/ suggested waiting a bit longer.He advised/ suggested (our) waiting a bit longer.He advised/ suggested that we (should) wait a bit longer.不同点：advise后可以直接跟人称代词作宾语，如:advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; 而suggest后一般用suggest to sb that 形式。如:他建议我们改天再来。He advised us to e another day.He suggested us to e another day.He suggested us that we e another day. suggest还有“暗示、表明、指出(一个事实)”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。如:Her expression suggested pleasure. 她面露喜色。His silence could only suggest disapproval. 他的沉默只能暗示反对。【即学即练】单项填空His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested everyone of us. A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. we should goThe girl suggested me to go there at once.【答案】suggestedadvised 二、核心短语回顾1. die out 灭绝；逐渐消失；灭亡【教材原句】As a result these endangered animals may even die out.(P25)结果濒危动物甚至可能要灭绝。【归纳拓展】die for渴望；很想 die to do 渴望；很想die away（尤指声音、光、风）逐渐消失;停止die down （兴奋、激动等情绪）渐弱；渐息；平息die off （家族，种族等）相继死亡；（草木）枯死die from/of 因而死；通常由疾病、饥寒、情感原因造成的死亡用die of,除此之外的原因用die from。Many species will soon die out if we dont take action.如果我们不采取行动，许多物种将很快灭绝。Many old customs have died out.许多旧的风俗已不复存在。 【即学即练】（1）单项填空This kind of plants are . Some day they will forever. A. dying off；die outB. dying away；die offC. dying down；die outD. dying out；die awayUnfortunately, the soldier died a wound in the chest. A. from B. out C. off D. down（2）用die的相关短语填空 The noise of the car in the distance.The old traditions are .The man a wound.Im something to eat. 【答案】died away dying out died from dying for 2. as a result 结果是；作为结果【经典例句】He worked hard. As a result, he got high marks. 他学习努力，结果，在考试中得了高分。【归纳总结】as a result of 作为的结果result from 由造成；起因于（from后加原因）result in 导致；结果是（in后加结果）without result 没有结果，白费in the result(其)结果(是)，最后【即学即练】用适当的介词填空The boy is unable to go to school _ a result _ the fall from the horse.【答案】as；of单项选择1He broke down today pletely _ much work.A. as result B. as a result of C. with the result that D. result from2Tom studies harder this term. _, he has made great progress in his lessons.A. As a result B. After all C. By the way D. Instead3As is known to us all, failure usually_laziness while diligence can_success.Aresults from; lie in Bresults in; result from Cleads to; lie in Dresults from; result in【答案及解析】3. in danger (of) 处境危险，有.的危险【教材原句】Why are they in danger of disappearing?它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中呢？【归纳拓展】out of danger脱离危险be a danger to sb./sth. 对某人/某物是个威胁dangerous adj. 危险的(指事物或人对别人有危险) be dangerous (for sb.) (to do sth.) （做某事）（对某人来说）是危险的He told me that the girl was in danger，so I went to help her.他告诉我那个女孩儿身处险境，所以我去帮她了。Police said the man was a danger to the public.警方说该名男子对公众是个危险。【易混辨析】in danger和dangerousin danger指人或物本身处于危险中，受到外来的威胁dangerous指人、物、事态可能引起危险，对别人构成威胁【图形助记】【即学即练】补全句子（1）You are if you dont take any medicine. 如果你不吃药的话，就有感冒的危险。（2）The traffic here is very for children.这里的交通对孩子很危险4. long to do 对.渴望；很想有.【教材原句】Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife.【归纳拓展】long v. 渴望 long (for sb.) to do sth. / long for sb. sth（尤指对看似不会很快发生的事）渴望 Im longing to see you again. 我盼望再见到你 Children are always longing for holidays. 孩子总是渴望假期的long adj. 长的；长时间的；长期的 adv. 长期地；很久地 Stay as long as you like. 你愿待多久就待多久。 Were a long way from anywhere here. 我们这里离任何一个地方都很远。【即学即练】单项选择1Tom is longing _ Beijing. A. to visit B.visiting C. visit D. visiting2The people in some countries _ freedom.A. longed B. long for C. longing D. longing for 3Beijing has been suffering from choking smog now and then recently. Accordingly, people are now concerned about the PM2.5 readings and _ winds more than ever before.A. turn up B. long for C. spy on D. glare at【答案及解析】1A long to do 对.渴望；很想有. 5. be used to do 被用来做某事【教材原句】Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. 我们的毛被用来为像你一样的人们制作毛衣。【归纳拓展】used to do 过去常常，以前常常（现在不做了）be/getusedtodoing习惯于做某事 Weusedtogothereeveryyear.我每年都去那儿。 Woodisusedtomakepaper. 木材被用来造纸。【即学即练】单项选择（1）He _ cards with his friends, but now he _ a walk after supper. A. used to play; is used to having B. is used to playing, used to haveC. used to play; is used to have D. is used to playing; is used to have（2）He _ live in a remote village, but he _ the life in the city quickly. A. got used to; used to B. used to; got used toC. got used to; was used to D. used to; used to（3）“Geili”, created from the two Chinese characters “gei” and “li”, _ a word only spoken in some dialects, but now it _ something cool or exciting all over the country. A. is used to being; used to describe B. used to be; used to describingC. is used to be; used to describing D. used to be; is used to describe（4）He _ live in the country ；but now he has _ in the city. A. used to ； been used to living B. was used to ； used to liveC. used to ； been used to live D. was used to ； used to living【答案及解析】（3）D试题分析：考察固定搭配。固定搭配used to do sth过去常常做某事；be used to do sth被用来做某事；句意：给力，是由中国汉字“给”和“力”组合而成的，过去只是在方言里被使用；但是现在在全国范围里被用来描述一下很酷很让人兴奋的事情。故D正确。（4）A考查used to和be used to doing的用法。句意：他过去住在农村,但现在他已经习惯于住在城市里。used to过去常常;be used to doing习惯于。6. pay attention to 注意【教材原句】You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。【归纳拓展】catch/attract/draw ones attention引起某人的注意bring sth.to ones attention 使某事引起某人注意fix/focus ones attention on 集中注意力于devote ones attention to. 专心于turn ones attention to 将注意力转向【即学即练】补全句子（1）Attention should be paid your pronunciation.你应该注意发音。（2）The child fixed his attention the toys.那个孩子的注意力集中在玩具上。【答案】（1）to （2）on7. protect .from . 保护免受，后接较小的事情或危害，如：frost, harm, catching cold。【教材原句】“Im protecting myself from mosquitoes,” it replied. “我保护自己免受蚊子叮咬，”它回答道。【归纳拓展】protect .against .后接较大的事情，如：战争、灾害、重税、威胁等。keep sb. from doing sth. = prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep sb. doing sth.使某人一直做某事defend .from/against保卫以抵御 【易混辨析】defend/protect/guard/preserve defend 保卫；防护；防守（含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思）；protect 常含有提供安全的方式来驱开不适、伤害或进攻的意思；guard 含有看守的意思；preserve 指采取措施维护、保护、保存。【即学即练】（1）You must learn to the danger.你必须学会保护自己，免遭危险。（2）She had to the guard dog. 她不得不防备看门狗咬她。（3）A policeman was the entrance to the embassy.一位警察正守卫在大使馆出口处。（4）It is one of the duties of the police to public order.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。 【答案】（1）protect yourself from （2）defend herself against （3）guarding （4）preserve单项填空（5）Use the umbrella to yourself from the rain. A. prevent B. protect C. defend D. protection8. e into being 形成；产生（不可用于被动语态或进行时）【教材原句】They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.千百万年前，他们(恐龙)就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。【归纳拓展】e into existence 形成；产生；开始存在e into effect/force/operation开始生效；开始实施e into use 开始被使用【即学即练】补全句子（1）When do the new laws ?新法律什么时候开始执行？（2）A new type of microscope has . 一种新型显微镜已开始使用.【答案】（1）e into effect/force/operation （2）e into use单项填空（3）Before the puter , people could never imagine it could bring about such great changes to human life.A. came into being B. was discoveredC. was e into being D. was formed 9. according to 按照；根据所说【教材原句】According to a UN report，some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.根据联合国的一份报告，在过去500年里，有大约844种动植物消失。According to experts instructions，they gave up the experiment immediately.根据专家们的指示，他们马上放弃了这项试验。【名师点津】according to后可接名词、代词或what从句。according to用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与me或my opinion连用。in my opinion 表示自己的观点，意为“依我看”。依我看，这部电影很不错。In my opinion，the film is wonderful.(正)According to my opinion，the film is wonderful.(误)According to me，the film is wonderful.(误)【即学即练】完成句子Youve been absent six times our records.根据我们的记录，你已经缺席六次了。10. 【教材原句】In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 黛西如释重负，突然笑了起来。【归纳拓展】（1）in relief 如释重负；松了口气；显著地 relief from/of sth. （焦虑、痛苦等的）减轻，消除，缓和（2）burst into sth. 突然（进入某种状态或发生某种情况） burst into laughter 突然大笑 burst into tears 突然哭起来 burst into/in sw. 闯进，突然破门而入 burst in on sb./sth. 突然闯进而打断（打扰） burst out 突然激动地喊叫；突然开始【即学即练】单项选择1The doctor came out and said the operation was well finished. The parents smiled _ and the nervousness disappeared from their faces.A. in reliefB. in dangerC. in peaceD. in reality2We smiled _when Dr. Smith told us Grannys operation was a great success and that she would recover soon.A. in relief B. in peace C. in turn D. in time3Hearing the news, Lillte Jim burst into _A. laughing B. laughters C. laughter D. be laughing4Hearing the news, she _.A. burst into tears B. burst into crying C. burst crying D. burst of crying.【答案】1. A. in relief如释重负般地B. in danger处于危险中C. in peace和平地D. in reality事实上；句意：医生出来了说手术非常的成功。父母亲如释重负般的微笑了一下，那种紧张感也烟消云散了。故选A 考点：in +抽象名词3C4A考查固定词组。突然哭起来：burst into tears=burst out crying.故A正确。burst的这两个用法要特别注意burst into sth, burst out doing突然起来。