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,Click to edit Master title style,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,1.1,机械安全化定义(,ISO12100,),GB/T 15706.1,Safety of machinery Definition,Safety Summarize,机械安全使用说明书规定的预定使用条件下(有时,在使用说明书给定期限内)执行其功能: 在运输、安装、调试、拆卸和处理时不产生伤害或危害健康的能力。,GB/T 15706.1,Safety must be taken into account right from the design stage and must be kept in mind at all stages in the life of a machine: design, manufacture, installation, adjustment, operation, maintenance and eventual scrapping.,ISO12100-1,1,1.1 机械安全化定义(ISO12100)GB/T 1,1.1,机械安全化定义(,ISO12100,),GB/T 15706.1 Safety of machinery Definition,Safety Summarize,Design/manufacture Installation Adjustment/operation Maintenance,2,1.1 机械安全化定义(ISO12100)GB/T 1,1.2,事故发生的原理,- Accident,Safety Summarize,人的不安全行为,-Man,不按规章规定操作违反操作流程,创建安全操作流程对作业员工进行安全培训等,Safety Training,机械的不安全状态,-Machine,控制器件失效输入设备误动作,机械安全化设计,Safety design,人的作业空间,Man,机械的作业空间,Machine,危险区域,Danger Area,危险分类和现象,Danger,3,1.2 事故发生的原理- AccidentSafety,1.3,危险分类和事例,(,ISO1,2100,-1,),GB/T1,5706,.1,Safety Summarize,Mechanical hazard,Electrical hazard,Thermal hazard,Hazard,generated by noise,Hazards generated by vibration,Hazards generated,by radiation,Hazards generated,by materials and substances,Hazards generated,by neglecting ergonomic principles,4,1.3 危险分类和事例 (ISO12100-1) GB,1.4,风险评价(,ISO14121-1,),GB/T 16856,.1,Risk assessment Definition,Safety Summarize,风险:指伤害发生的频率及严重程度的综合。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk: combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.,ISO14121-1,风险评价:是事先对风险的大小进行评价,判断是否有必要采取安全预防措施的一种方法. 包括风险分析和风险评定在内的全过程。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk assessment,: overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation.,ISO14121-1,风险分析:机器限制的确定、危险的识别和风险评估的组合。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk analysis:combination of the specification of the limits of the machine, hazard identification and risk estimation.,ISO14121-1,风险评估:确定伤害可能达到的严重程度和发生频率。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk estimation: defining likely severity of harm and probability of its occurrence.,ISO14121-1,风险评定:以风险分析为基础,判断是否已达到减小风险的目标。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk evaluation:judgement, on the basis of risk analysis, of whether the risk reduction objectives have been achieved.,ISO14121-1,5,1.4 风险评价(ISO14121-1) GB/T 1,1.4,风险评价步骤(,ISO14121-1,),GB/T 16856,Risk assessment,Safety Summarize,可预见的错误使用、,性别、年龄、经验不同的差异,制造、运输、组装、安装、,正常使用、拆卸等阶段,危害程度、发生频率,等进行评估,决定是否有必要采用进一步,的安全防护来减小风险,Risk assessment,Risk analysis,Risk estimation,Risk evaluation,hazard identification,limits of the machine,Risk,reduction,GB/T 16856,.1,6,1.4 风险评价步骤(ISO14121-1) GB/T,1.4 Risk assessment,(,ISO14121-1,),GB/T 16856,Safety Summarize,ISO14121-1,7,1.4 Risk assessment (ISO1412,1.4,风险评价等级(,ISO13849-1,),GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,:,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,8,1.4 风险评价等级(ISO13849-1) GB/T168,1.4,风险评价等级(,ISO13849-1,),GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,:,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,9,1.4 风险评价等级(ISO13849-1) GB/T168,1.4,风险评价等级(,ISO13849-1,),GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,:,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,10,1.4 风险评价等级(ISO13849-1) GB/T168,1.4,风险评价等级(,ISO13849-1,),GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,:,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,S1 可预见的某种伤害的严重等级 S2,轻度的 通常是可逆转的,中度的 多数为手指折断,严重的 骨折和烧伤,极其严重的 通常是不可逆转的,例如截肢,失明,致命的,F1 出入危险区域的频率 F2,很少的 每周一次,频繁的 每天几次(15min,持续时间),经常的 每天一次,(15min,持续时间),P1,避免,危险出现的可能性 P2,确定,的,相对不危险,可能,性小,的 危险出现由于如:设备意外运行,不能够避让等,可能的 在一定条件下较小的可辨别的危险,几乎不可能,潜在的危险性极高,没有回避的可能性,(例如V=2m/min),在分级时,下列因素也需要考虑进去:,1, 操作人员的素质,2,就操作过程中的安全知识有实际经验,11,1.4 风险评价等级(ISO13849-1) GB/T168,1.4,风险评价等级(,ISO13849-1,),GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,:,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,S1,severity of injury,S2,slight,(normally reversible injury),general,finger break,serious,fracture,and burn,very serious,normally irreversible injury,,limb,amputated,,blind,death,F1 Frequency and/or exposure,times to hazard F2,less,one time per week,frequent,several times a day,(15min,,duration,),usually,one time a day,(15min,P1 Possibility of avoiding the hazard P2,less possible,unexpect start up,possible,under,specific conditions,scarcely possible,hazard is very high, cant avoid,(V=2m/min),considering other factors,:,1, Personal Quality,2,,Safety knowledge for the operation,12,1.4 风险评价等级(ISO13849-1) GB/T168,1.4,安全等级,Safety,Level,(,ISO13849-1,),GB/T16855.1,Safety Summarize,13,1.4 安全等级 Safety Level (ISO138,1.4,安全等级,Safety,Level,(,ISO13849-1,),GB/T16855.1,Safety Summarize,MTTFd,Mean time to dangerous failure,DCavg,Average diagnostic coverage,CCF,Common cause failure,14,1.4 安全等级 Safety Level (ISO138,1.4,安全等级,Safety,Level,(,ISO13849-1,),GB/T16855.1,Safety Summarize,15,1.4 安全等级 Safety Level (ISO138,1.,5,风险降低 Risk reduction,(,ISO1,2100,-1,),GB/T1,5706,.1,(,ISO1,2100,-,2),GB/T1,5706,.,2,Safety Summarize,设备设计工程师,Equipment Design Engineer,通过本质上的安全设计降低风险,(ISO12100-2.4项),Step1:Inherently safe designmeasures,通过使用中的信息降低风险,(ISO12100-2.6项),Step3:Information for use,通过安全防护对策及,补充的预防对策降低风险,(ISO12100-2.5项),Step2:Safeguarding and,complementary protective measures,三步法,3 step method,risk,16,1.5 风险降低 Risk reduction (ISO1,1.,5,风险降低 Risk reduction,(,ISO1,2100,-1,),GB/T1,5706,.1,(,ISO1,2100,-,2),GB/T1,5706,.,2,Safety Summarize,本质上的安全设计,Step1: Inherently safe design,17,1.5 风险降低 Risk reduction (ISO1,1.,5,风险降低 Risk reduction,(,ISO1,2100,-1,),GB/T1,5706,.1,(,ISO1,2100,-,2),GB/T1,5706,.,2,Safety Summarize,安全防护对策及补充的预防对策,Step2:Safeguarding and,complementary protective measures,18,1.5 风险降低 Risk reduction (ISO1,1.,5,风险降低 Risk reduction,(,ISO1,2100,-1,),GB/T1,5706,.1,(,ISO1,2100,-,2),GB/T1,5706,.,2,Safety Summarize,通过使用中的信息,Step3: Information for use,19,1.5 风险降低 Risk reduction (ISO1,2,.,1,世界标准的变迁 世界各国的标准,电气相关的以IEC标准,机械相关的以ISO标准为基础进行整合。 ISO/IEC标准吸取了各国意见,正式制定ISO12100标准,进行IEC60204-1修订等。,Safety S,tandard,20,2.1 世界标准的变迁 世界各国的标准,电气相关的以,2,.,1,有关机械安全的国际标准结构,ISO/IEC方针51:国际安全标准的层次化结构,Safety S,tandard,ISO /IEC 方针51,GB-T,15706.1,GB-T,15706.,2,GB,-,T,16856,GB,GB,5226.1,GB-T,16855,.1,GB,16,754,GB-T 19436.12,GB,18209.13,GB,XXXX,Type A standards,(Basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects,that can be applied to all machinery;,21,2.1 有关机械安全的国际标准结构 ISO/IEC方,2,.,1,有关机械安全的国际标准结构,ISO/IEC方针51:国际安全标准的层次化结构,Safety S,tandard,ISO /IEC 方针51,GB-T,15706.1,GB-T,15706.,2,GB,-,T,16856,GB,GB,5226.1,GB-T,16855,.1,GB,16,754,GB-T 19436.12,GB,18209.13,GB,XXXX,Type A standards,(Basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery;,Type B standards,(Generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery:,- Type B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);,- Type B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive devices, guards);,Type C standards,(Machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines.,22,2.1 有关机械安全的国际标准结构 ISO/IEC方,Safety of machine,ry,2,.,2,Safety standard (ISO-GB-EN),23,Safety of machinery2.2 Safety,Thanks,Safety of machine,ry,24,Thanks Safety of machinery24,
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