机械安全详解课件

,Click to edit Master title style,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,1.1,机械安全化定义（,ISO12100,）,GB/T 15706.1,Safety of machinery Definition,Safety Summarize,机械安全使用说明书规定的预定使用条件下（有时，在使用说明书给定期限内）执行其功能： 在运输、安装、调试、拆卸和处理时不产生伤害或危害健康的能力。,GB/T 15706.1,Safety must be taken into account right from the design stage and must be kept in mind at all stages in the life of a machine: design, manufacture, installation, adjustment, operation, maintenance and eventual scrapping.,ISO12100-1,1,1.1 机械安全化定义（ISO12100）GB/T 1,1.1,机械安全化定义（,ISO12100,）,GB/T 15706.1 Safety of machinery Definition,Safety Summarize,Design/manufacture Installation Adjustment/operation Maintenance,2,1.1 机械安全化定义（ISO12100）GB/T 1,1.2,事故发生的原理,- Accident,Safety Summarize,人的不安全行为,-Man,不按规章规定操作违反操作流程,创建安全操作流程对作业员工进行安全培训等,Safety Training,机械的不安全状态,-Machine,控制器件失效输入设备误动作,机械安全化设计,Safety design,人的作业空间,Man,机械的作业空间,Machine,危险区域,Danger Area,危险分类和现象,Danger,3,1.2 事故发生的原理- AccidentSafety,1.3,危险分类和事例,（,ISO1,2100,-1,）,GB/T1,5706,.1,Safety Summarize,Mechanical hazard,Electrical hazard,Thermal hazard,Hazard,generated by noise,Hazards generated by vibration,Hazards generated,by radiation,Hazards generated,by materials and substances,Hazards generated,by neglecting ergonomic principles,4,1.3 危险分类和事例 （ISO12100-1） GB,1.4,风险评价（,ISO14121-1,）,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk assessment Definition,Safety Summarize,风险：指伤害发生的频率及严重程度的综合。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk: combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.,ISO14121-1,风险评价：是事先对风险的大小进行评价，判断是否有必要采取安全预防措施的一种方法. 包括风险分析和风险评定在内的全过程。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk assessment,: overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation.,ISO14121-1,风险分析：机器限制的确定、危险的识别和风险评估的组合。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk analysis：combination of the specification of the limits of the machine, hazard identification and risk estimation.,ISO14121-1,风险评估：确定伤害可能达到的严重程度和发生频率。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk estimation: defining likely severity of harm and probability of its occurrence.,ISO14121-1,风险评定：以风险分析为基础，判断是否已达到减小风险的目标。,GB/T 16856,.1,Risk evaluation：judgement, on the basis of risk analysis, of whether the risk reduction objectives have been achieved.,ISO14121-1,5,1.4 风险评价（ISO14121-1） GB/T 1,1.4,风险评价步骤（,ISO14121-1,）,GB/T 16856,Risk assessment,Safety Summarize,可预见的错误使用、,性别、年龄、经验不同的差异,制造、运输、组装、安装、,正常使用、拆卸等阶段,危害程度、发生频率,等进行评估,决定是否有必要采用进一步,的安全防护来减小风险,Risk assessment,Risk analysis,Risk estimation,Risk evaluation,hazard identification,limits of the machine,Risk,reduction,GB/T 16856,.1,6,1.4 风险评价步骤（ISO14121-1） GB/T,1.4 Risk assessment,（,ISO14121-1,）,GB/T 16856,Safety Summarize,ISO14121-1,7,1.4 Risk assessment （ISO1412,1.4,风险评价等级（,ISO13849-1,）,GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,：,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,8,1.4 风险评价等级（ISO13849-1） GB/T168,1.4,风险评价等级（,ISO13849-1,）,GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,：,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,9,1.4 风险评价等级（ISO13849-1） GB/T168,1.4,风险评价等级（,ISO13849-1,）,GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,：,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,10,1.4 风险评价等级（ISO13849-1） GB/T168,1.4,风险评价等级（,ISO13849-1,）,GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,：,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,S1 可预见的某种伤害的严重等级 S2,轻度的 通常是可逆转的,中度的 多数为手指折断,严重的 骨折和烧伤,极其严重的 通常是不可逆转的，例如截肢，失明,致命的,F1 出入危险区域的频率 F2,很少的 每周一次,频繁的 每天几次（15min，持续时间）,经常的 每天一次，（15min，持续时间）,P1,避免,危险出现的可能性 P2,确定,的,相对不危险,可能,性小,的 危险出现由于如：设备意外运行，不能够避让等,可能的 在一定条件下较小的可辨别的危险,几乎不可能,潜在的危险性极高，没有回避的可能性,（例如V=2m/min）,在分级时，下列因素也需要考虑进去：,1， 操作人员的素质,2，就操作过程中的安全知识有实际经验,11,1.4 风险评价等级（ISO13849-1） GB/T168,1.4,风险评价等级（,ISO13849-1,）,GB/T16855.1,Risk assessment,：,Safety,Level,Safety Summarize,S1,severity of injury,S2,slight,(normally reversible injury),general,finger break,serious,fracture,and burn,very serious,normally irreversible injury,，limb,amputated,，blind,death,F1 Frequency and/or exposure,times to hazard F2,less,one time per week,frequent,several times a day,（15min，,duration,）,usually,one time a day,（15min,P1 Possibility of avoiding the hazard P2,less possible,unexpect start up,possible,under,specific conditions,scarcely possible,hazard is very high, cant avoid,（V=2m/min）,considering other factors,：,1， Personal Quality,2，,Safety knowledge for the operation,12,1.4 风险评价等级（ISO13849-1） GB/T168,1.4,安全等级,Safety,Level,（,ISO13849-1,）,GB/T16855.1,Safety Summarize,13,1.4 安全等级 Safety Level （ISO138,1.4,安全等级,Safety,Level,（,ISO13849-1,）,GB/T16855.1,Safety Summarize,MTTFd,Mean time to dangerous failure,DCavg,Average diagnostic coverage,CCF,Common cause failure,14,1.4 安全等级 Safety Level （ISO138,1.4,安全等级,Safety,Level,（,ISO13849-1,）,GB/T16855.1,Safety Summarize,15,1.4 安全等级 Safety Level （ISO138,1.,5,风险降低 Risk reduction,（,ISO1,2100,-1,）,GB/T1,5706,.1,（,ISO1,2100,-,2）,GB/T1,5706,.,2,Safety Summarize,设备设计工程师,Equipment Design Engineer,通过本质上的安全设计降低风险,（ISO12100-2.4项）,Step1:Inherently safe designmeasures,通过使用中的信息降低风险,（ISO12100-2.6项）,Step3:Information for use,通过安全防护对策及,补充的预防对策降低风险,（ISO12100-2.5项）,Step2:Safeguarding and,complementary protective measures,三步法,3 step method,risk,16,1.5 风险降低 Risk reduction （ISO1,1.,5,风险降低 Risk reduction,（,ISO1,2100,-1,）,GB/T1,5706,.1,（,ISO1,2100,-,2）,GB/T1,5706,.,2,Safety Summarize,本质上的安全设计,Step1: Inherently safe design,17,1.5 风险降低 Risk reduction （ISO1,1.,5,风险降低 Risk reduction,（,ISO1,2100,-1,）,GB/T1,5706,.1,（,ISO1,2100,-,2）,GB/T1,5706,.,2,Safety Summarize,安全防护对策及补充的预防对策,Step2:Safeguarding and,complementary protective measures,18,1.5 风险降低 Risk reduction （ISO1,1.,5,风险降低 Risk reduction,（,ISO1,2100,-1,）,GB/T1,5706,.1,（,ISO1,2100,-,2）,GB/T1,5706,.,2,Safety Summarize,通过使用中的信息,Step3: Information for use,19,1.5 风险降低 Risk reduction （ISO1,2,.,1,世界标准的变迁 世界各国的标准，电气相关的以IEC标准，机械相关的以ISO标准为基础进行整合。 ISO/IEC标准吸取了各国意见，正式制定ISO12100标准，进行IEC60204-1修订等。,Safety S,tandard,20,2.1 世界标准的变迁 世界各国的标准，电气相关的以,2,.,1,有关机械安全的国际标准结构,ISO/IEC方针51：国际安全标准的层次化结构,Safety S,tandard,ISO /IEC 方针51,GB-T,15706.1,GB-T,15706.,2,GB,-,T,16856,GB,GB,5226.1,GB-T,16855,.1,GB,16,754,GB-T 19436.12,GB,18209.13,GB,XXXX,Type A standards,(Basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects,that can be applied to all machinery;,21,2.1 有关机械安全的国际标准结构 ISO/IEC方,2,.,1,有关机械安全的国际标准结构,ISO/IEC方针51：国际安全标准的层次化结构,Safety S,tandard,ISO /IEC 方针51,GB-T,15706.1,GB-T,15706.,2,GB,-,T,16856,GB,GB,5226.1,GB-T,16855,.1,GB,16,754,GB-T 19436.12,GB,18209.13,GB,XXXX,Type A standards,(Basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery;,Type B standards,(Generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery:,- Type B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);,- Type B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive devices, guards);,Type C standards,(Machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines.,22,2.1 有关机械安全的国际标准结构 ISO/IEC方,Safety of machine,ry,2,.,2,Safety standard (ISO-GB-EN),23,Safety of machinery2.2 Safety,Thanks,Safety of machine,ry,24,Thanks Safety of machinery24,