2019-2020年高二英语Unit11 Scientific achievement(II).doc

2019-2020年高二英语Unit11 Scientific achievement(II)Part 1 Words and expressions1. leap vi, vt & n.跳；（使）跳过He leaped at the opportunity.他即刻抓住这机会。Look before you leap.（谚）慎思而后行。The thief leaped the wall at the sight of the police.He _. 他纵马跃过栅栏。a great leap forward 一大进步。2. support vt. 支持；支撑；维持；赡养；忍受n. 支持；支撑；维持；赡养 in support of （介）为了支持 Is this bridge strong enough _ （承受重型卡车）? He has a large family to support. I cant support your jealous any longer.我无法再忍受你的嫉妒了。 I hope to _ in the election. 我希望在选举中得到你的支持。 Mr. Smith spoke. Mr. Smith发言支持你的建议。3. achieve 完成，达到（目的）；得到By working hard we can achieve anything.We have achieved success in developing the product.achievement (U)取得，完成 （C）成就，成绩4. Likely 1) be likely to do sth 很可能（发生某种情况）Our team_（可能会赢这场比赛）.2) it is likely that + 从句_.（我们可能明天到森林里野餐）辨析：likely, possible与probableLikely 常用词，指“从表面现象看很有可能”Possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但“实际希望很小”。Probable 语气比possible 强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有大概，很可能的意思”Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible与probable之后通常不跟不定式；Likely 的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。5. grasp vt 1) 抓住 grasp sb by the arm2) (= understand ) 掌握， 领会 grasp ones meaning 3) n (常用单数)紧握；把握；理解；理解力 beyond ones grasp 力量达不到 grasp all, lose all. 样样都要，全数失掉。 within ones grasp 力量达得到6. master n 硕士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大师mistress n 女主人 masterless adj 无主的mastermind n 非常聪明的人 master key n 万能钥匙masterpiece (masterwork) n 杰作 the master of the house 家长master and man雇主与雇工a master in literature 文学大师 master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士master of Science (MS) 理学硕士bachelor 学士 doctor 博士Vt 掌握；精通；控制；统治master a foreign language master ones temper / feelingsMan can master nature.7. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；绝对的；完全的；（动词的）完成的His reading is perfect.He is _.（对我们来说，他完全是一个陌生人）the present / past perfect tense 现在（过去）完成时Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧be perfect in English 精通英语Vt 使完美They worked hard to perfect their dance.8. arrange vt. & vi. (1) put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅长插花。Before going away, _. 他离开之前，他把业务都安排好了。(2) make plans in advance 预做计划 eg:The Tourist Bureau _ to Rome. 旅游局为我们去罗马的旅行准备了一切。(3) arrange+ n. +for +n. 为安排 eg:Mother _ an appointment _ with the dentist. 母亲替我向牙医预约挂号。(4) arrange sb. to do 安排某人做 eg:I _. 我已安排他和她见面。(5) arrange with sb. to do 约定与某人做 eg:We _ a game of baseball. 我们约好和他们队打一场棒球。(6) arrange that 商定，安排。 eg:He arranged _. = He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week. 他安排把会议延后一周召开。9. Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；访问set foot in/on sth.: enter or visit(a place); arrivee.g. Dont ever set foot in this house again!Who was the first man _.（登上月球）10. Failure 失败(U); 失败的人或事（C） v. failFailure is the mother of success.He is _, but a success as an art teacher.他不是一个成功的艺术家，但是个成功的美术老师。11. e to life: back to normal state, (esp.) of mind 苏醒过来，恢复生气，活跃起来After three hours saving, the injured man came to life.When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, _.（孩子们顿时兴致勃勃）12. mark n. 痕迹；符号；商标；分数；特征 an ink mark / a question mark/ full marksmake a mark 作标记vt 做标记；留痕迹于；表明；批分数，评成绩a dirt road _ （留有脚印的泥路）be marked with 标着；(人、动物等身上)具有Her face _. 她面露悲哀。mark examination papers.13. breakthrough n 重大突破，突围；突破性的发现，成就a military breakthrough 军事突破a scientific breakthrough 科学成就 break through v. 突破（障碍物等） The enemys defences were strong but _.敌人的防线很坚固，但仍为我军所突破。 The sun _. 太阳钻出云层。14. announce 宣布；宣告 announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth. It is announced that Mr. Green _. 格林先生向他的朋友宣布他和怀特小姐订婚。 _Mr. Green will be married to Miss White in May. 格林先生和怀特小姐已经宣布将于五月结婚。Part 2 Language pointsWarming up思维拓展 1.Genetic engineering 遗传工程学engineer C 工程师。例如：a civil engineer 土木工程师 engineering U 工程；工程学。例如： the school of engineering (大学的)工学院 an engineering college 工学院 civil engineering 土木工程思维拓展 electrical engineering 电机工程lunar adj. 月亮的。例如：lunar eclipse 月食lunar module 登月艇the lunar year 阴历年the lunar calendar 阴历 2.Solar energy 太阳能 solar adj. 太阳的；日光的。例如： a solar spot 太阳黑子 solar battery 太阳能电池 solar eclipse 日食思维拓展 the solar calendar 阳历significanceU 重大意义，重要性。例如：a matter of great/little/no significance 非常（没什么，毫不）重要的问题 the solar year 阳历年 3.Which one do you think is the most significant? 你认为哪一项成就是意义最重大的？ significant adj. 意义重大的；重要的；有意义的。例如： a significant change in the system 制度上的重大改变 a significant event for the country 对于该国有重大意义的事件要点提炼 4.If so, what?if条件句常见的省略形式有：if so 如果这样的话if not 如果不是这样if any 假如有；即使有if possible 如果可能的话if necessary 如果必要的话 如果有的话，它们的共同之处是什么呢？ 本句为省略句，其完整句子为：If these achievements have anything in mon, what is it? if条件句中常采用省略形式。又如： Tomorrow will be fine. _, Ill go to the seaside. 明天会晴天。如果是这样的话，我就去海边。 Printed on the package are a few words. plaints,_, are to be addressed to the manager. 包裹上印了几个字。如果不满意的话，应该向经理去诉说。Listening思维拓展 1.Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.mankind/man 辨析：mankind 和man 指“全体人类”时均不加冠词。例如：Man is born equal. 人生来平等。a man 表示“某个人”或“人人”；the man 特指某个人；man的复数为men。 这对一个人来说是一小步，对人类来说却是一大步。 mankind U 人类，人（集合用法）（不用冠词）。例如： Is human still progressing? 人类还在进步吗？ This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。 Disease is _.全析提示 疾病是人类的敌人。2.the Constitution of the United States 美国宪法美国宪法是美国的根本大法，也是仍在实施的世界上最古老的成文宪法，于1787年由联邦制宪会议通过。 constitution C 宪法，规章，体制。例如： Britain has an unwritten constitution, and the United States has a written constitution. 英国有不成文的宪法，美国有成文的宪法。思维拓展 Speakingit 作形式宾语亦可代替从句。例如：I have made _ clear thatI object to the plan。我已表明我反对这个计划。1. You want to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food with very little water. 你想研发一种新技术，利用这种技术能用较少的水来生产粮食。 句中that从句为定语从句，修饰technology。 make it + adj. /n. + to do 使做某事例如： I make _ a rule to get up early.思维拓展 我习惯早起床。2.You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars.man 构成的其他派生词还有：manly adj. 像男子汉的manful adj. 勇敢的manliness n. 男子气你正在从事向火星发射载人宇宙飞船的研究。manned adj. “载人的”。是由名词加后缀-ed构成的形容词。-ed意为“有的”“特有的”之意。又如：gifted 有才华的，aged 年老的，blessed 受祝福的。Pre-reading全析提示 1. If you wanted to do research or start a pany, what kindIf从句中be的过去式用were；结果主句中，第一人称用should，第二、三人称用would。在美国英语中，结果主句各个人称都常用would。例如：If we left now, we would arrive in time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达（美国用法）。of support and environment would you need? 如果你想搞研究或创办一家公司的话，需要什么样的支持和环境呢？ 该句为虚拟语气，if从句使用动词的过去式，主句使用情态动词would或should+动词原形。表示对现在或未来情况的假设。例如： If everyone in the country knew first aid, _ 倘若每个国民都懂得急救，那么许多人的生命是可以挽救的。 _, I would go to the party. 要是我是你，我就去参加聚会。achievement C 业绩，功绩。例如：academic achievement学业成绩；学术成就思维拓展 2. Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something?为什么科学家们花这么多时间想取得某种成就呢？ achieve vt. 实现；完成。例如： achieve goals 实现目标 achieve ones purpose 达到目的 achieve success 获得成功 achieve victory 取得胜利 achieve modernization 实现现代化Reading1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.无论中国将来会有什么样的伟大成就，很有可能其中很多就诞生在北京的西北部。1) whatever conj. no matter what 引导让步装语从句。_, the first important thing is to keep cool. (Whatever happens= No matter what happens) 不管发生什么事,头等重要的是保持冷静。_, I wont tell you my secret. (Whatever you do= No matter what you do)不管你做什么, 我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。注意：当whatever 引导名词性从句时， 不可用no matter what 替换, whatever= anything that 。You may do whatever you want to do.（whatever= _）无论你想做什么事，你都可以做。Whatever can be done has been done. （Whatever= _）已经做了能做的一切。2) likely adj. probable可能的sb be likely to do sthsth be likely to happenIt is likely that The train is likely to be late.这趟火车很可能晚点。She is not likely to e next month.她下月很可能不来。They are _.他们可能会对他发怒_ he will not consent.很可能他不会同意。 1)2)3) adv. 大概，或许 通常与most, very, quite连用 He will _ likely pass the exam. Most likely his attempt will fail.10. whatever pron. 无论什么，不管什么e.g. Whatever happens, dont lose your heart.Choose whatever you like. Ill believe you whatever/no matter what you say.11.likely 可能的，预期的1） sb./sth. is likely to do sth.He is likely to win.An accident is likely to happen if you are not carful enough.4) It is likely thatIt is likely that he will arrive so late.5) adv. 大概，或许。通常与most,very,quite 连用He will very likely pass the exam.Most likely his attempt will fail.12. arrange for sb/sth. to do sth. arrang to do sth.e.g. He arranged to meet us at the hotel at oclock. They have arranged for another man to take his place.Ill arrange for a car to pick you up at the airport.3) in store （1）就要到来，必将发生。例如： I have a surprise in store for you. 我有个你意想不到的消息要告诉你。 There are better days _. 有好日子在等着你。 Who knows what the future has _? 谁知道未来等待着我们的是什么？in store 还有“贮存着；准备着”之意，常与介词for搭配。例如：The runner _ for spurting at the end.那名赛跑的人为最后冲刺储存精力。思维拓展 2. It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than ten famous universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University.homebound adj. 回家的homeless adj. 无家可归的homely adj. 家庭的homemade adj. 自制的homesick adj. 想家的homelike adj. 舒适的homeward adv. 在归途中homeland C 家园；祖国homemaking U 家政homework U 家庭作业hometown C 故乡 它是中国科学院和北京大学、清华大学等10多所著名大学的所在地。 home C 所在地，大本营，根据地，发源地。（home在句中使用时，可以不带冠词）例如： England became _. 英格兰成了他的第二故乡。 Is China home of pottery? 中国是陶器的发源地吗？ The home of the kangaroo is Australia. 袋鼠的原产地是澳大利亚。economical adj. 节俭的，节约的，廉价而使用的。例如：an economical car廉价使用的汽车an economical woman一位节俭的妇女a more economical stove一个更节省燃料的火炉思维拓展 3. Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of Chinas hi-tech industry. 中关村是于20世纪90年代晚期作为经济特区而创建起来的，很快它就成了中国高科技工业的领航者。 economic adj.经济（上）的；经济学的；有使用价值的。例如： economic activity 经济活动 economic growth 经济增长 the worlds economic situation 世界经济形势思维拓展 economic theory 经济学理论start all over again 重新开始start off 出发，动身；出去旅行start out 出发；动身 economic history 经济学史4. The center itself got started in the early 1980s, when Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, opened a private research and development institute.start out to do 开始做to start with 首先，第一for a start 起先，作为开始from start to finish自始至终 这个中心早在80年代初期就开始创建。当时，陈春先 一位中科院的研究员开办了一所私人研究发展机构。 该句为复合句，when引导非限制性定语从句。从句中又有一个同位语“a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences”，补充说明Chen Chunxian的身份。 got started为被动句，start为“创办，开始”之意。例如： They _ a business and made a great deal number of 思维拓展 money.思维拓展 他们创办了一家企业，赚了一大笔钱。technology U 科学技术，工业技术technical adj. 技术的，技术上的technical college 技术专科学校5. Within the next ten years, more than a hundred scientific and technological panies moved into the area and new hi-tech centres developed around the original Zhongguancun Garden. 在随后的十年里，一百多家科技企业迁入到该区，在中关村园区 原址周围形成了高新科技中心。 technological adj. 技术（学）的；工艺（学）的。例如：technically adv. 专门地；技术上地technician C 专家；技术人员technique U 技巧，技艺technologist C 科学技术人员 Nanyang Technological University 南洋理工大学 a major technological breakthrough 主要的技术性突破 technological changes/problems 技术上的改变、技术问题 over （前缀），表示“在的上面”“全面地”“超越”之意。例如：overage adj. 超龄的overanxious adj. 过于担忧的overcoat C 大衣overcrowded adj. 过于拥挤的overhead 在头顶上6.The science park is also home to a growing number of overseas Chinese who have grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at home. 中关村园区也是不断增多的许多海外华人的居住地，他们抓住机遇在国内弘扬自己的理念。 （1）overseas adj. （在）海外的，（在）国外的；adv. 在海外，在国外。例如： My brother lives overseas. 我兄弟住在国外。 _ in Britain 在英国的外国留学生思维拓展 （2）grasp vt. 抓住；抓牢；理解。例如：grasp the nettle 坚定果断地处理棘手的事情grasp at sth 尽力抓住某物take a firm grasp of 抓住beyond ones grasp 某人不能理解 She grasped the rope and pulled herself up. 她抓住绳子攀了上去。 He _. 他紧紧地抓住她的胳膊。 I dont think youve quite _. 我认为你对形势的严重性理解得还不透彻。7.When I got my masters degree, I wanted to return home but couldnt find a pany where I could use what I had learnt. 我获得硕士学位之后想回国，可是找不到施展所学知识的公司。 该句中where引导的是定语从句，修饰pany；what引导的是宾语从句，作use的宾语。 master C 硕士；（男）主人；能手。例如： She is a Master of Arts/Sciences. 她是文学（理学）硕士。 The dog _. 这只狗听主人的话。 The sculpture of a group of heroes in the centre of the city square shows a master hand. 市中心广场的英雄群像的雕塑显示了高超的艺术。要点提炼 8.and they helped arrange for his return.arrange sth. 安排、布置arrange for 安排arrange sth. for 为安排arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事arrange that 商定、安排 他们为他回国帮忙作了安排。 arrange vt. 安排；筹划；整理；布置。例如： Call up and arrange (for) a taxi, please. 请打电话安排一辆出租车。 Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist. 母亲替我向牙医预约挂号。 Ive arranged for him to meet her. 我已安排他跟她见面。 He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. 他安排把会议延后一星期召开。思维拓展 set ones best foot forward 赶紧走；尽全力take to ones feet 走着去，步行rise to ones feet 站起来jump to ones feet 跳起来9.I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永远不会忘记当再次踏上中国的土地和我的朋友及亲人团聚时，那种感觉有多幸福。 set foot in (on) 进入；踏上。例如： He said that he would never _. 他说他永远不再踏进那座房子。 They were filled with joy when they set foot on Chinese soil in late July.当7月底踏上中国的土地时，他们兴奋不已。思维拓展 baseon 以为基础。例如：You should base your conclusion upon careful research.你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。This story is based on facts.这个故事是有事实根据的。11.He lives in Beijing and runs a small pany based in Zhongguancun together with two friends. 他住在北京，并和两位朋友一起在中关村创办了一家小公司。 based in Zhongguancun作pany的定语，相当于一个定语从句：which is based in Zhongguancun。 basein/at把安置在例如： The enterprise is based in the town. 这家企业以这个城镇为基地。 Most of our staff _. 我们大部分工作人员都住在开罗。12. Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science. 中关村无论是对商业还是对科学都产生了积极的影响。 as well as连接business和science 两个宾语。have effect on 对产生影响The medicine _. 那种药对我良好功效。Put / bring /carryinto effect 实行，实施；施行（法律等）e into effect 开始实施，开始生效in effect: in fact 事实上，实际上of no effect 无效的，无用的take effect 生效，奏效思维拓展 effective有效的，有效力的；（法律等）生效的，起作用的；实际的，事实上的giant adj. 巨大的，非凡的（常置于名词之前）。例如：a giant corporation 巨大的公司giant killer 美 重量拳击家，凶猛的拳击家a giant panda 大熊猫giant star 巨星13.The park is home to Chinese puter giants Lenovo and Founder and more than twenty famous international panies. 中关村园区也是中国两大计算机公司“联想公司”和“方正公司”，以及20多家著名国际企业所在地。 giant C 巨人，巨物（异常大的动植物、商业组织等）。例如： the multinational oil giants 跨国大石油公司 What a giant of a tree!多高大的树哇！全析提示 Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power作one的同位语。14.One of the mottos for the park“Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future.要点提炼 这个园区的口号之一是“依靠科学技术知识发展经济”，它阐明了科学和商业能够且必须结合在一起共创未来。 （1）rely vi. 依赖；依靠；指望。例如：rely on/upon sth./sb. 依赖；依靠；指望rely on sb.doing/to do 指望某人做；相信某人做rely on it that相信（事情）；指望（事情） You may not _. 天气预报不足为信。 You can rely on him. 你可以信任他。 I rely on her to pay back the money (=I rely on _ _). 我相信她会还钱。 You may rely on _ _he will e to meet you. 你放心好了，他会来接你的。 （2）make clear 表明；讲清楚。例如：全析提示 Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了吗？Clear 意为“清楚的，明白的”，作宾语补足语。make之后的宾语可以是名词、代词，也可以是从句。 Ill _ to you. 我将把整个事情讲给你听。 They want to make _ clear to the public _ they do an important and necessary job. 他们想向公众表明他们做的工作既重要又必要。该句中as意为“依照，如”，引导的是方式状语从句；that are ing to life为定语从句，修饰technology和ideas。全析提示 15.As Yufang puts it, “We are not making that much money yet, but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are ing to life in Zhongguancun.” 这正如裕方所指出的那样，“我们现在还没挣到那么多钱，但是我们为所有这些在中关村富有活力的新技术和卓越的想法而激动”。 （1）as sb. puts it 正如某人所说例如：全析提示 _, “We have no choice but to develop our education, or well fall behind.”put vt. 表达；表述。例如：I want to know how to put this in French?我想知道如何用法语来表达这件事？Im very glad that you have put the case clearly. 你已把情况讲清楚了，我很高兴。 正如总统所说，“我们别无选择，只有发展教育，否则就会落后”。 _, “Education is to be given to children by the government.” 正如他在报告中所说，“政府应该对儿童提供教育”。思维拓展 e to 谈到；苏醒；变成e to oneself 恢复知觉；恢复镇静。例如：_, I know nothing.谈到政治，我一无所知。 （2）e to life 恢复生气；活跃起来。例如： When the teacher mentioned the plans for the trip, the kids came to life at once. 老师一提到旅行计划，孩子们顿时兴致勃勃。 The quiet girl _ since she lived with her grandpa. 自从和爷爷生活在一起以来，这个沉默寡言的女孩变得活泼起来。全析提示 （3）that adv. 那样；那么。例如：That 作“那样；那么”讲，相当于so，常用于口语中。 I like him but not all that much. 我喜欢他，但远不是那么着迷。 He cannot go _. 他去不了那么远。Post-reading思维拓展 1.It is located in Haidian District, in North-western Beijing.location C & U 位置；所在地；场所locally adv. 在本地；在地方上。例如：The hill is a good location for the new church.那座山丘是建筑新教堂的好地点。Do they live locally?他们住在附近吗？ 中关村位于北京西北部海淀区。 locate vt.（常用于被动语态）把设置在；使坐落于；指出的位置。例如： Their factory is located at the foot of the mountain. 他们的工厂坐落在山脚下。 The new building will _. 这座大楼将建在市中心。 I cannot _. 我找不到那家商店。2.Zhongguancun is sometimes called “Chinas Silicon Valley”. 中关村有时被称为“中国的硅谷”。Chinas Silicon Valley作主语补足语。Language study要点提炼 1.The chairman announced the winners of the “Chinese Top Ten Scientific Achievements Award”. 主席宣布了“中国十大科学成就奖”获奖者名单。announce sth. 宣布；宣告announce sth. to sb.向宣布announce that/when 宣布announce to sb. that向某人宣布It has been announced that已宣布 announce vt. 宣布；宣告。例如： The government announced its new economic policies. 政府发布了新的经济政策。 Please announce _. 请对你们班上的学生宣布明天没有课。 Have they announced _? 宣布比赛什么时候开始了吗？2. All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train. 你所有的行李都将用火车运送到目的地。 luggage U（总称）行李（不可数名词）。例如： _