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Unit 5 The power of nature,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.eruptvi.(指火山)爆发;突然中止 eruptionn.(战争等)爆发 2.alongsideadv.在旁边;沿着边 prep.在旁边;沿着的边 3.equipmentn.设备,装备 equipvt.配备,装备 4.appointvt.任命,委派 appointmentn.任命,委派 5.evaluatevt.评估,评价;估计 vi.评价 evaluationn.估价;评价;估算 6.waven.波浪,波涛 vi.波动;起伏;挥手,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,7.absolutelyadv.绝对地,完全地 absoluteadj.绝对的,完全的 8.suitn.一套外衣;套装 vt.适合;使适宜 suitableadj.合适的;恰当的 9.potentialn.潜在性,可能性;潜能 adj.可能的,潜在的 10.actualadj.实在的,实际的 actuallyadv.事实上,实际上 11.uncomfortableadj.不舒服的,不舒适的 comfortable(反义词)adj.舒服的,舒适的 comfortn.舒适;安慰 vt.安慰;使舒适 12.unconsciousadj.失去知觉的;未察觉的 conscious(反义词)adj.神志清醒的;知道的,注意到的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,13.shootvt.射中;射伤 shot(过去式/过去分词) shotn.射击;枪炮声 14.tremblevi.摇晃,摇动;颤抖 tremblingadj.发抖的;摇动的 15.anxiousadj.忧虑的,不安的 anxiouslyadv.忧虑地,不安地 anxietyn.担心,焦虑;渴望 16.panicvt.,vi. &n.惊慌,恐慌 panicked(过去式/过去分词) panickyadj.焦虑不安的,恐慌的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,17.diverseadj.多种多样的,不同的 diversityn.多种多样,多样性 18.bathevi.洗澡;游泳 bathn.洗澡,沐浴;浴缸 19.appreciationn.欣赏;感谢,感激 appreciatevt.欣赏;感谢,感激 20.guaranteevt.保证;担保 n.保证;保修单,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.burn to the ground 全部焚毁 2.make ones way 前往 3.glance through 匆匆看一遍 4.vary from.to. 由到不等,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.我刚要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。 I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 2.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,但是我第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。 The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study,but this being my first experience,I stayed at the top and watched them. 3.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先,具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。 It is said that this boy,who had a great gift for languages and persuasion,is the father of the Manchu people.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,4.如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池,别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈碧蓝的水中,以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、长久。 If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one,dont forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself .,I have 1.the greatest job in the world.I often travel to unusual places and work alongside interesting people from all over the world.Using 2.scientific(science) equipment and collecting information about volcanoes is my job.Although my job is occasionally dangerous,I dont mind because danger 3.excites(excite) me and makes me feel alive. As is known to all,when lava from the volcano flows down the mountain,many houses will be covered with lava 4.or be burnt to the ground.However,my job helps scientists predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast,5.which can help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful 6.forces(force) on earth. I once experienced the 7.eruption(erupt) of Mount Kilauea and was lucky to have a close look.When it broke out,red lava was fountaining hundreds of meters 8.into the air.All the lava 9.passing(pass) slowly down the mountain caused great damage and buried everything in its path under the molten rock.It was an 10.absolutely(absolute) fantastic sight.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,appoint vt.任命,委派;约定,确定(时间、地点等) I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.20年前,作为一名火山学家,我被派到夏威夷火山观测站工作。(教材原句P34) 常见用法 appoint sb.to.任命某人(职位) appoint ab.as/to be 任命某人担任(职位) appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事 He was appointed to the post of general manager.他被任命为总经理。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 appointed adj.指定的,约定的 appointment n.约会,预约;任命,委任 make/fix an appointment with 与约会 keep/break ones appointment 守约/失约 If you fail to keep the doctors appointment youll pay for it.如果你和医生约好了时间但到时不去,你得付钱。 现学活用 单句填空 1.The politician was appointed as the Minister of Finance. 2.Our visitors arrived at the appointed(appoint) time. 3.Id like to make an appointment(appoint) to see Mr Clinton. 4.A lawyer was appointed to represent(represent) the child.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,evaluate vt.评估;估价;估计 vi.评价 Having collected and evaluated the information,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和评估了这些信息之后,我就帮助其他科学家一起预测火山熔岩接着将往何处流去,流速是多少。(教材原句P34) We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.我们需要对这一政策产生的效果做出评估。 常见用法 evaluate ones ability 评估某人的能力 evaluate oneself 评价自己 I can not evaluate his ability.我无法评估他的能力。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析 1.evaluate侧重评估事物的质量、效果及人物的能力、成就等。 2.assess 既可表示对人物或事物性质、质量的评定,也可表示对事物数量、价值的评估。作“评估”讲时常与value,damage,effect等抽象名词搭配。 3.value指估计某物的价值、价格。 现学活用 用evaluate,assess和value的适当形式填空 1.Dont evaluate people by their clothes. 2.Damage to the building was assessed at $40,000. 3.He valued the house for me at 3,500.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,absolutely adv.绝对地,完全地;全部 It was an absolutely fantastic sight.那是个绝对令人惊奇的景象。(教材原句P34) 常见用法 absolutely可用于回答问题或用作评语,意为“正是,当然”,相当于of course。另外by all means,rather也有类似的用法。 拓展延伸 1.absolute adj.绝对的,完全的 an absolute fact 确凿的事实 absolute independence 完全独立 2.表示“完全的,彻底的”的词还有complete,entire,thorough,pure,full,perfect等。 I look upon this as an absolute necessity.我认为这是绝对必要的。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用absolute的适当形式填空 1.Would you be able to go to the party? Absolutely!But I have to pick up my friend at the airport. 2.Im quite sure that it is absolutely impossible for me to fulfill the task in only two days without anyone to help me.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,suit vt.适合;使适宜 n.一套外衣;套装 We had white protective suits that covered our whole body,helmets,big boots and special gloves.我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身,戴上了头盔和特别的手套,还穿了一双大靴子。(教材原句P34) 常见用法 suit sb.适合某人 suit sb.fine 对某人很合适 suit.to.使适合于 suit ones needs满足某人的需要 Will that time suit you?那个时间合适吗? If you want to go by bus,that suits me fine.要是你想坐公共汽车走,我也没问题。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 suitable adj.合适的,适当的;相配的 be suitable for 适合于 be suitable to do sth.适合做某事 词义辨析 1.fit 多指衣服等“尺寸、大小”合身或者合适。 I tried the dress on but it didnt fit.It was too small.我试穿了那件连衣裙,但不合身,它太小了。 2.suit 指衣服等“颜色、款式、花样”适合,也可指“时间”适合。 Blue suits you.你适合穿蓝色(服装)。 3.match 指“使相称,使相配,使匹配”,多指两个物体在大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配,显得很协调。 The color of the shirt doesnt match that of the tie.衬衫的颜色与领带的颜色不相配。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用fit,suit或match填空 1.Choose a computer to suit your particular needs. 2.Her shoes match her dress.They look very well together. 3.My mother cut down my fathers trousers to fit me.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,potential n.潜在性,可能性;潜能 adj.(作定语)可能的,潜在的 Having studied volcanoes now for many years,I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.虽然我从事火山研究很多年了,但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。(教材原句P35) 常见用法 1.have/show potential 有潜力/表现出潜力 have the potential to do sth.有做某事的潜力 achieve/realize ones potential 发挥出某人的潜力 excellent potential for. 的大好机遇 2.a potential prime minister 未来的首相 She has great potential as an artist.她是一位很有潜能的艺术家。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。 He has the potential to become a world-class musician. 2.我们想让每个学生最大限度地发挥他们的潜力。 We want each student to realize their full potential.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,anxious adj.(令人)焦虑的;渴望的;急切的 I was so anxious and couldnt move at first.我非常担心,一开始吓得动弹不得。(教材原句P38) 常见用法 be anxious for/about sth.为某事担心/忧虑 be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事 be anxious that.急于 be anxious for sb.to do sth.急于让某人做某事 Were anxious for your safe return.我们盼望你平安归来。 We were anxious that there should be no misunderstanding.我们特别希望没有误解。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 1.anxiously adv.焦虑地 2.anxiety n.忧虑,担心;渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地 词义辨析 1.anxious指热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的。 2.eager指以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的的,有时也指由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的,后面可接for或者不定式。 3.keen指对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的,后接不定式或介词on或about。 4.nervous指在某个事件之前或之中感到“胆怯、焦虑不安”,常与介词of连用。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用anxious的相关用法完成句子 1.他希望不被人误解。 He is anxious not to be misunderstood. 2.她盼望他见她的父亲。 She is anxious that he should meet her father. 3.一到星期天他们就急着回家。 They are anxious to go home on Sundays. 4.我们焦急地等待考试结果。 We waited with anxiety/anxiously for the examination results.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,panic vt.& vi.(使)恐慌,(使)惊慌失措 n.惊恐,惊慌 I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我非常紧张,并且不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。(教材原句P38) 常见用法 1.panic at.因而惊慌 panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌失措地做某事 2.in (a) panic 惊慌失措地 get into a panic 惊慌失措 be thrown into (a) panic 陷入惊慌失措中 The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.爆炸声使人群惊慌起来。 She got into a panic when she thought shed forgotten the tickets.她想起忘带入场券,顿时惊慌起来。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.The banks were panicked(panic) into selling dollars. 2.When the government office building was under fire,the crowd got into a panic. 3.Shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs exploded in central London.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,guarantee vt.保证,担保 n.保证;保修单;包换单 If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one,dont forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池,别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈碧蓝的水中,以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样幽深而长久。(教材原句P39) 常见用法 1.guarantee that.保证 guarantee to do sth.保证做某事 guarantee sb.sth.向某人担保某事 be guaranteed to 必定会,肯定会,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.give sb.a guarantee that.向某人担保 there is no guarantee that.不能保证 under guarantee 在保修期内 We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。 Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers.保证我们的顾客完全满意。 Theres no guarantee that shell come.不能保证她一定会来。 The watch is still under guarantee.这只手表仍在保修期内。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.这个汽车俱乐部无法保证满足所有会员的要求。 The car club couldnt guarantee to meet the demands of all its members. 2.即使你完成了培训,我也无法保证你能有工作。 Even if you complete your training I cant guarantee you a job. 3.那样的行为肯定会让他生气。 That kind of behavior is guaranteed to make him angry.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,make ones way前往 It was not easy to walk in these suits,but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red,boiling center.穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易,但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去,并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。(教材原句P35) As soon as he saw us,Tom made his way through the crowd to meet us.汤姆一看到我们,就从人群中出来迎接我们。 Look!Many children are making their way to the beach.看!很多孩子正往海滩走去。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 fight ones way 打出出路;奋勇前进 force ones way 挤过去 push/squeeze ones way 推开(人群)通过,挤过 wind ones way 蜿蜒前进 feel ones way 摸索着走;谨慎行事 lose ones way 迷路 make way for 给让路 find ones way 找到出路,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用way的相关短语的适当形式填空 1.这条河蜿蜒流过山谷。 The river winds its way through the valley. 2.因为迷了路,所以他没来。 He didnt come because he lost his way . 3.我们只好打出条出路通过敌人的防线。 We had to fight our way through the enemy lines. 4.我们只能在实践中学习,在行进中摸索。 We can only learn from practice,feeling our way as we go.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,glance through匆匆看一遍,浏览 Glance through these questions.浏览一下这些问题。(教材原句P39) 拓展延伸 1.glance at/over/toward瞥;匆匆一看 glance round 环顾周围 2.cast/shoot/throw a glance at 匆匆瞥一眼 at a glance 一看,看一眼 He glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封,认出是他叔叔的笔迹。 She glanced round the room before she left.她略微环视了一下房间才离开。 I could see at a glance that it wasnt his own work.我一眼就能看出这不是他本人的作品。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析 1.glare“怒目而视”,指用力地或有威胁性地看,强调敌意和惊恐。 2.stare “凝视,盯着看”,指长时间、目不转睛地看。 3.glance “一瞥,匆匆一看”,指快速地看或瞥一眼。 现学活用 用glare,stare或glance的适当形式填空 1.“I must go,” Ckaydua said,glancing at her watch. 2.The boys stood there glaring at one another before they began to fight. 3.Its impolite to stare at people.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,when作并列连词的句型 I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。(教材原句P34) 该句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”。常用于以下句型: had just done.when.刚做完这时 be about to do.when.刚要做这时 be on the point of doing.when.刚要做这时 was/were doing.when.正在做这时,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 2.I was watching(watch)TV in my house when Tom hurried in. 3.She was about to dish(dish)up when some guests came. 4.She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,独立主格结构 The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study,but this being my first experience,I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,但是我第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。 1.独立主格结构的特点。 独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.独立主格结构主要形式。 (1)名词/代词+现在分词。 There being no bus,we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。 (2)名词/代词+过去分词。 He was listening attentively in class,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。 (3)名词/代词+不定式。 在此结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。 The four of us agreed on a division of labor,each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工合作,每人翻译全书的四分之一。 (4)名词/代词+形容词。 Computers very small,we can use them widely.电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地使用它们。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,(5)名词/代词+副词。 The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。 (6)名词/代词+名词。 Two hundred people died in the accident,many of them children.两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。 (7)名词/代词+介词短语。 The little girl sat down,traces of tears still on her cheeks.小女孩坐了下来,面颊上还带有泪痕。 3.独立主格结构的主要用法。 (1)作时间状语。 The governor pondering the matter,more strikers gathered across his path.当总督思考问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,(2)作条件状语。 Weather permitting,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。 (3)作原因状语。 There being no further business to discuss,we all went home.没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。 (4)作伴随状语。 He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head.他躺在草地上,双手交叉枕在脑后。 (5)作补充说明。 Ten students entered for the competition,the youngest a boy of 12.共10个学生报名参加了这次竞赛,年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 将下列句子改为带有独立主格结构的句子 1.When spring comes,the fields are full of life. Spring coming,the fields are full of life. 2.The boy stood there,and his right hand was raised. The boy stood there,his right hand raised. 3.As it was Sunday,all the offices were closed. It being Sunday ,all the offices were closed. 4.When food was being cooked,I fell asleep. Food being cooked,I fell asleep.,一、单句填空 1.(2015陕西高考改编)Her owner Mike Holden (panic) and called the coastguard of Cornwall,who turned up in seconds. 1.panicked。根据and后的谓语为过去式可知这里也应用过去式。panic的过去式为panicked。 2.(2015湖南高考改编)He suddenly glanced me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?” 2.at。句意:他突然看了我一眼然后轻声问道,“你为什么那样盯着我?”glance at“扫视,匆匆一瞥”。 3.(2014浙江高考改编)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse (appoint) to guard her. 3.appointed。根据句子结构可知,appoint与nurse构成被动关系,所以填写其过去分词形式。句意:Amie Salmon身患残疾,在她的学业生涯中,专门有一个指定的护士来照顾她。,4.(2014福建高考改编)It is widely acknowledged that students should (evaluate) in terms of overall quality. 4.be evaluated。evaluate“评价,评估”,在此构成被动句。句意:大家普遍认为学生们应该得到全面的评价。 5.(2014山东高考改编)This apple pie is too sweet,dont you think so? Not really.I think its just right, (actual). 5.actually。此处应用副词修饰前面整个句子。 6.(2014重庆高考改编)Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and (vary) program thats fun as well as progressive. 6.varied/various。vary的形容词有varied和various两种形式。句意:重复做一件事情会令人生厌,关键是要制定出先进、有趣且协调、多变的规划。,7.(2013四川高考改编)Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless (equip)simply for huge profit contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people. 7.equipment。equip“装备,配备”,其名词为equipment。句意:为赚取巨额利润你销售大量无用设备的欺骗行为造成了无辜者的伤亡。 8.(2013湖北高考改编)Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their (anxious) over a lack of sense of belonging. 8.anxiety。anxious为形容词,其对应的名词为anxiety。句意:以都市青年的视角所作的诗往往会展示出他们缺乏归属感的焦虑。 9.(2013湖南高考改编)The sun began to rise in the sky, (bathe) the mountain in golden light. 9.bathing。句意:太阳开始从东方升起,整座山都沐浴在金色的阳光之中。“山沐浴在金色的阳光之中”与“太阳升起”是同时发生的,故用现在分词作伴随状语。bathe的意思是“使沐浴,使笼罩,使沉浸在”。,10.Dont litter in the street in Singapore, you could be arrested. 10.or。根据语境可知此处应用or表“否则”。,二、单元话题微写作 火山 根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。 1.作为火山学家,我经常被委派去搜集和评估火山信息。(volcanologist;appoint;evaluate) 2.我有可能会失去生命,因此为了确保安全我从不到太危险的地方工作。(have potential;guarantee) 3.有时我会非常惊慌,但我仍认为我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。(panic) 4.我有过一次目睹基拉韦厄火山(Kilauea)爆发的经历。(eruption) 5.红色发烫的岩浆像喷泉一样,朝天上喷射达几百米高。 (lava;fountain) 6.岩浆顺山而下,所经之处皆夷为平地。真是绝妙的奇景!(burn.to the ground;absolutely),As a volcanologist,I am often appointed to collect and evaluate information about volcanoes.I do have potential to lose my life,so I never work in too dangerous areas to guarantee my safety.Though panicking sometimes,I still consider my job the greatest one in the world. I once experienced the eruption of Mount Kilauea.When it broke out,red lava was fountaining hundreds of meters into the air.All the lava passed slowly down the mountain,burning to the ground everything in its path.It was an absolutely fantastic sight!,
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