高三英语 最后冲刺 动词和动词短语课件 .ppt

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动词和动词短语,【考向聚焦】 动词与动词短语 动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类,它是构成句子的核心,是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中,动词占总词汇量的1/3以上,起着举足轻重的作用。 动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大,着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用,以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。,考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面:动词的词义;动词搭配;及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法;熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法(例如:break,bring,call,come,cut,give,go,get,hold,look,make,put,set,take,turn等)。,1(2014安徽,26)Terry,please _ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you. Alook up from Blook into Clook back on Dlook through 解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:Terry,奶奶和你说话时,请你抬起头来,不要玩手机。look up from (从)抬起头来;look into 调查;look back on 回顾,回忆;look through 浏览;温习;根据句意选A。 答案 A,2(2014安徽,28)When the sports hero _ at our party,he was welcomed with open arms. Aturned up Bleft off Cmoved on Dgot away 解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:当这位体育英雄出现在晚会上时,他受到了热情地(with open arms)欢迎。turn up 出现;leave off 停止;move on 往前走;出发;get away 离开;逃脱;出发。根据句意应选A。 答案 A,3(2014安徽,34)Shakespeares writing is still popular today.It has really _ the test of time. Afailed Bstood Ctaken Dconducted 解析 考查动词辨析。句意:莎士比亚的作品在今天依然受欢迎,它经受住了时间的考验。fail 失败;stand 忍受;take花费(时间,金钱等);conduct 行为,品行。根据句意应选B。 答案 B,4(2014大纲,31)Caroline doesnt have a gift for music,but she _ it with hard work. Agoes back on Btakes away from Cmakes up for Dcatches up with 解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:凯瑟琳没有音乐天赋,但是她利用勤奋工作来弥补这个缺憾。make up for弥补;go back on 违背,背弃;take away from 从拿走;减损;贬低;catch up with追上,赶上。根据句意选C。 答案 C,5(2014福建,25)It is widely acknowledged that students should be _ in terms of overall quality. Asupported Bmatched Cevaluated Dcontrolled 解析 考查动词词义辨析。A.“支持”;B.“匹配”;D.“控制”。句意:普遍认为应该根据学生的全部素养来评估他们。evaluated评估,故选C项。 答案 C,6(2014福建,33)As a grassroots singer,she reads everything she can _ concerning music,and takes every opportunity to improve herself. Acatch sight of Bget hold of Ctake charge of Dmake mention of 解析 考查动词短语。句意:作为一名草根歌手,她阅读她能够找到的关于音乐的一切材料,并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。get hold of是固定用法,“抓住”,故选B项。A.“看到”;C.“负责”;D.“提到”。 答案 B,7(2014湖北,23)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him,he started to run down the hill,but _ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. Aslipped Bskied Csignalled Dsank 解析 考查动词辨析。句意:看到一大群人朝他涌来,他开始往山下跑,但他滑倒了并且手膝着地跪在正融化的积雪上。A.slipped 滑倒;B.skied 投向空中;C.signalled 发信号;D.sank 下沉。 答案 A,8(2014湖北,24)The old rules have to be _ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. Adeveloped Bestablished Cobserved Drevised 解析 考查动词辨析。句意:旧的规则不得不修改,因为它们只适用于一百年前当时制定它们的环境。 Adeveloped 发展;B.established 建立;C.observed 观察;遵守;D.revised 修改,改进。 答案 D,9(2014湖北,25)Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening,but there must be something wrong with the network;I cant seem to _. Aget through Bget off Cget in Dget along 解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我给查尔斯打了一晚上电话,但网络一定出了问题,我似乎不能接通电话。A.get through通过;完成;接通电话;B.get off下车;动身;脱下;C.get in进入,陷入;D.get along进展。 答案 A,10(2014湖北,26)Is this your necklace,Mary?I _ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. Acame across Bdealt with Clooked after Dwent for 解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:玛丽,这是你的项链吗?我在打扫厕所时无意发现了它。A.came across偶然发现;B.dealt with处理;C.looked after照顾;D.went for 去找;努力争取。 答案 A,11(2014江苏,25)Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies. Achased Bregistered Coffered Dcompensated 解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:一些大公司都希望得到顶尖的大学毕业生。A.“追逐,试图得到”;B.“辞职,放弃”;C.“主动提出”;D.“补偿;赔偿;抵消”,根据上下文句意可知选A。 答案 A,12(2014江苏,30) Dad,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. I see.Ill go right away and _. Apay him back Bpay him off Cput him away Dput him off 解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:爸爸,我认为Oliver不是适合干这种工作的人。我明白了。我这就回去让他结账走人(即辞退他)。A.“报答,回报”;B.“偿清,付清”;C.“把收起来,放好”;D.put off“推迟”,宾语通常不是人;根据语境此处应指因为Oliver不适合干这种工作,所以给他结清账让他另觅高就,故选B。 答案 B,13(2014江苏,33)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan. Aremember Bremind Crecover Drecall 解析 考查动词辨析。句意:传说中端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。A.“记起”;B.提醒,使记起;C.恢复;痊愈;D.召回,回想起,记起。根据语境可知端午节划龙舟的风俗是由屈原投江后人们想召回其灵魂的行为演化而来的,故选D。 答案 D,14(2014江西,27)Anyway,were here now,so lets _ some serious work. Acome up with Bget down to Cdo away with Dlive up to 解析 考查短语动词辨析。come up with提出;get down to着手做,开始努力做;do away with摆脱,废除;live up to和一样好。根据句意,唯有B项符合语境。 答案 B,15(2014江西,29)I dont believe what you said,but if you can prove it,you may be able to _ me. Aconvince Binform Cguarantee Drefuse 解析 考查动词辨析。句意:我不相信你的话,不过你若能拿出证据,或许能够说服我。convince使信服;inform通知;guarantee保证;refuse拒绝。 答案 A,16(2014陕西,18)Ralph WEmerson would always _ new ideas that occurred to him. Aset off Bset about Cset up Dset down 解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:Ralph WEmerson总是会记下突如其来的新想法。A.set off动身;引爆;B.set about开始着手做;C.set up建立;D.set down写下,记下。 答案 D,17(2014天津,9)My parents always _ great importance to my getting a good education. Ahave Battach Caccept Dpay 解析 考查固定搭配。句意:我的父母总是特别强调我要接受良好的教育。attach great importance to是固定短语,“认为重要;强调其重要性”之意,故选B。 答案 B,18(2014天津,13)The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade between them. Amake up Buse up Cturn down Dbreak down 解析 考查短语辨析。句意:这两个国家将进行会谈以打破两者之间贸易的障碍。A.编造,弥补,和好,画妆;B.用光,用完;C.拧小;拒绝;D.(机器等)坏掉;打破;分解。根据上下文,其宾语是barriers,故是打破障碍之意,故选D。 答案 D,19(2014浙江,7)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head,but I tried to _ the pain,believing that it would go away sooner or later. Ashare Brealize Cignore Dcause 解析 考查动词辨析。句意:上周,一个网球击中了我的头部,但我试图不去理会(头上的)疼痛,相信很快头就不疼了。share分享;realize意识到;ignore忽视,不理会;cause引起,造成。 答案 C,20(2014浙江,9)No matter how carefully you plan your finances,no one can _ when the unexpected will happen. Aprove Bimply Cdemand Dpredict 解析 考查动词辨析。句意:无论你怎样小心地计划你的开支,没有人能预测到会有什么预料不到的事情发生。prove证明;imply暗示;demand要求;predict预测。 答案 D,考点 词义辨析 易混动词 1lie,lie,lay,2.rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。,3. hang的用法 hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 4bear的过去分词born与borne bear作出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当beborn.短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如:She has borne five children.但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。,5sit与seat seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks.或用seat oneself,比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 6win与beat win作胜,赢讲时其后应接,a game,an argument,a battle,a prize,a contest,a race,a bet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含义。如:I have won him.即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败,胜过讲,直接接人、队。,7steal与rob steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物from某人、某地,而rob其后接人of抢的物品。 8fit与suit fit与suit均可作适合讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的适合,而suit则多用于颜色、式样的适合。,9cost,spend与take 英文中花费有三个词cost,spend,take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如:She spent all her money on stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如:It takes me three hours to finish this work.,10have on,wear,put on及dress 作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a blue suit.作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:I dress my children in the morning every day.,11与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.),advice (n.);accept(v.),except(prep.);pass(v.),past(prep.);bathe(v.),bath(n.);breathe(v.),breath(n.);choose(v.),choice(n.);succeed(v.),success(n.)。 12动词 副词 介词:catch up with,look forward to,come up with,keep up with,go in for,look down on,get on with.,13动词 介词to的短语有:come to,stick to,object to,agree to,turn to,attend to,belong to,devote to,reply to. 14与in相结合的动词有:give in,hand in,bring in,drop in,succeed in,take in,check in,engage in,fill in,trade in.,考点 常用动词短语 1bring构成的短语 bring about 引起,导致 bring back 使想起 bring down 降低 bring in 赚得;引入;请做 bring_up 提出;养育;抚养;呕吐,2break 构成的短语 break away(from) 逃脱;脱离 break down (机器等) 坏掉;(身体) 垮掉;(计划、和谈等) 失败 break in 破门而入;插嘴 break into 强行闯入;突然开始 break out (火灾、战争、疾病等) 突然开始;爆发 break up 解散;粉碎;绝交,3call 构成的短语 call at 拜访(某地) call on 拜访(某人) call back 回电话 call up 打电话给;使回忆起 call for 去(接) ;需要,要求 call in 召来 call off 取消,4cut 构成的短语 cut down 砍倒;削减 cut in 打断(谈话) ,插嘴 cut off 中断;断绝 cut up 切碎,5come 构成的短语 come about 发生 come across 偶遇 come to 共计,达到;苏醒 come true 变为现实 come up 走上前;被提出 come up with 提出 come into being 形成,6get 构成的短语 get about 四处走动;传开 get across 传达 get away 逃脱,设法离开 get down 下来;记下 get off 出发;下班,get together 聚会 get through 接通;通过 get down to 开始认真干 get over 克服 get along/on with 进展;相处,7go 构成的短语 go away 离开 go back 返回(某地) go by 逝去 go on 继续下去,上场,开始运行 go over 检查,反复研究 go out 熄灭,go up (价格等) 上涨 go down (温度等) 下降 go against 违背;对不利 go ahead 开始,进展,进行 go after/for 追逐,追求 go without 勉强维持;凑合 go in for 爱好;参加;从事 go through 通过;经历 go by 过去,经过,8give 构成的短语 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give out 用尽;分发 give away 泄露;赠送;颁发 give off 发出 give back 归还;使恢复,9make 构成的短语 make up for 补偿,弥补 make out 辨认出 make fun of 取笑 make up ones mind 下定决心 make sense 有道理(意义) ,讲得通 make good/full use of.充分利用 make up 编造;组成;构成;补齐,凑足,10put 构成的短语 put aside 把放在一边 put away 把收好 put down 扑灭,平息 put forward 提出 put off 延期,推迟 put out 扑灭;生产 put up 挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿 put up with 忍受,容忍,11turn 构成的短语 turn down 拒绝;调低 turn in 上交 turn out 结果是,证明是 turn over 移交,交给 turn up 出现;调高 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn away 走开 turn to 求助于;翻到,
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