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1111. expand vi.膨胀，扩张 vt.使膨胀，使扩张，使扩大expandinto 把扩展/扩充为expand on/upon 详述，对作进一步说明(1) 那位作者把他的短篇小说扩展为长篇小说。(2) There is no need to _the plan.2. conclusion n. 结论 conclude v. 得出结论；结束come to/ arrive at/ reach/ draw a conclusion 得出结论jump to a conclusion 匆忙下结论bring sth. to a conclusion 使结束in conclusion 最后；总之（1） 我将尽快结束这个故事。（2） 最后，我要感谢你为我所做的一切。ordinary, common, usual, normalordinary 指由于与一般事物的性质或标准相同，因而显得平常，无奇特之处，含有不突出的意味，意为“普通的、平凡的、平常的”。反义词是specialcommon 指为许多人或事物所共同具备而常见，强调“平凡或时常发生，不特别，不显赫”， 意为“常见的，共有的”usual 指在某一地方或某一时间内所常见的，往往指常用的东西，或常发生的事情，意为“通常的，惯例的”。反义词为unusualnormal 指不超过某种限度，符合某种标准或常规，意为“正常的，正规的”(1) Rabbits and foxes are _ in the countryside.(2) Housing prices in Beijing are out of reach for _ people.(3) The doctor said the childs temperature was _.(4) The sweethearts in love meet once a week at the _ place.3. addto 往加入花园为这个城镇增添了美丽。 The garden adds much beauty to the town.add to (=increase) 增加； 增添add up sth. (= add sth. together) 把某物加起来add up to (= come to = total) 共计；共达Every failure one meets with _ ones experience. 吃一堑，长一智。He wrote down the weight of each stone and then _ all the weights.His whole school education _ no more than one year.4. think of 想象；考虑这幅画使我想起了过去。 think highly/much/well of 对评价很高think poorly/little/ill of 对评价不高think of as 把看做think about 考虑，思考think over 仔细考虑 What do you think of? 你认为怎么样？老师对他的评价很高。 他希望有更多的时间把情况考虑周全。 5. Two-thirds of the earths surface is water.“分数/百分数+ of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of 后的名词一致。One-third of these jobs are held by women.瓶中三分之一的水是他喝的。 Three-fourths of the buildings _ destroyed in the earthquake.A. was B. has C. were D. have6. Here is a table 以here, there, in, out, up, down, away, back, now, then等副词开头的句子里，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。男孩子们冲了出来。接下来下了三天大雨。 7. balance n. C 天平；U 平衡 v. 权衡，对比，使平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡 lose ones balance 失去平衡in the balance 悬而未决；（结果）未定 the balance of nature 生态平衡8. astonished adj. 吃惊的；惊愕的be astonished at 对感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth. 因做某事感到惊讶be astonished that 因感到惊讶astonishment n. 惊讶 in astonishment 吃惊地，惊讶地to ones astonishment 令某人感到惊讶的是astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的我的父母听到我的消息后感到惊讶。在这里看到他父亲，他感到很吃惊。他考试没及格，这使我感到很惊讶。令我们惊讶的是，他没参加讲座。Grammar Degrees of comparison一、比较级和最高级的常见结构1. “the +比较级, the +比较级“：表示“越越”The sooner you see a doctor, the better it is.你越早看医生越好。The longer I waited， the less patient I became.我等的越久就变得越不耐烦。2. the +序数词+最高级+单数可数名词：表示“第几大的”This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson。这是迈克尔杰克逊第三受欢迎的歌曲。高考真题：1. (01上海卷) In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go , _ 。A. our holidays will be better B. our holiday will be the betterC. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be2. (02上海卷) As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _。A. the more for life you are equipped B. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life二、比较级和最高级的修饰语1.常见的比较级的修饰语有：much, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, even, will, still, a bit, a little, rather, any, far larger thanThis movie is far more interesting than I expected.这部电影比我原想的有意思的多。2. all the +比较级：愈来愈I worked all the harder.我工作愈来愈努力了。3.常见的最高级的修饰语有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really等He is almost the best player.他基本上是最好的选手。4. any修饰比较级只用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句Can you do any better on this job?你这件事情能不能做得更好些？高考真题：1. (06江苏卷) I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better。A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more2. (07全国卷II ) After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease。A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite3. (08全国卷I) Youre driving too fast. Can you drive _?A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more bit三、表达倍数的常用结构1.数词+times+as+形容词原级+asThis room is twice as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。2.数词+times+形容词比较级+thanThis room is twice bigger than that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。3.数词+times+性质名词+of (性质名词主要有：length, size, height, weight, depth等)This room is twice the size of that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。4. (not)half+as+形容词原级+asThis room is half as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的一半。高考真题：1. (03北京卷) Our neighbor has _ours。A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as2. (05湖北卷)What a table ! Ive never seen such a thing before .It is it is long。A.half not as wide as B.wide not as half as C.not half as wide as D.as wide as not half3. (08浙江卷) I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_。A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many4. (08陕西卷) Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs。A. as twice large as B. twice as large as C. twice as much as D. as twice much as5. (09四川卷)My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice _ expensive 。A. as B. so C. too D. very6. (09辽宁卷)Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost his。A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as7. (09四川卷)My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice _ expensive 。A. as B. so C. too D. very8. (09江西卷)According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _a woman。A. than B. such C. so D. as9. (09辽宁卷)Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost _ his。A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as10. (08浙江卷) I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_。A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many四、比较级与冠词的搭配1.不含than的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰，构成“ a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更的人/物”。Why dont you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢？2.被比较者被明确特指时，比较级前面应该加定冠词“the”修饰。Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy? 哪一个年龄小一些，莉莉还是鲁西？高考真题：1. (02全国卷) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ。A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest2. (05山东卷)Mr. Smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met。A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large3. (06四川卷) -Did you enjoy yourself at the party?- Yes. Ive never been to _ one before。A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting4. (06全国II卷) Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before。A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one5. (06安徽卷) Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quite。 A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest五、比较级和同级比较1. as +原级+ as : 和一样The room is as big as that one.这间房子和那间一样大。2. as many/much/far/long as +具体数词：到达某种程度The number of the students in that school reaches as many as 4,000.那所学校的学生数量多达4ooo人。3. as as中间有名词时采用以下格式：1) as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。2) as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+asI can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸，我也能。I have as many books as you do.我的书和你的一样多。高考真题：1. (01全国卷) It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science。A. as art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as2. (04上海卷)He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker。A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than3. (05安徽卷)John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself。A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as4. (06上海卷) A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and winds _ strong as 113 miles per hour。A. too B. very C. so D. as比较等级的程度状语(1)表示一方比另一方“强/大/高得多”时，比较结构前加much, far, a lot, a great deal等He did much better than I in maths. (2)表示一方比另一方“一点点”，通常用a bit, a little, slightly 等修饰 He behaved a bit better than her in the competition. She came a little earlier than I this morning. Exercises: (1) How much _ she looked without her glasses!A. well B. good C. best D. better (2) Youre driving too fast. Can you drive _? A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more a bit 111
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