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111Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists预习学案一目标聚焦：1、了解著名医生约翰斯诺、钱学森、哥白尼等科学家。2、学会使用表示描述人物的句型。3. 学习过去分词作定语和表语的结构。二走进课文：1. Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.-John Snow began to test two theories.-An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.- John Snow marked the deaths on a map.-He announced that the water carried the disease.-John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.-King Cholera was defeated.-He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.-He had the handle removed from the water pump.2. Read the passage and answer these questions.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?_Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without map? give a reason._Cholera was a 19th century disease. what disease do you think is similar to cholera today? why?_三句式点击：1. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.with this extra evidence 有了这个额外的证据；with certainty 肯定地，有把握地 在句中作状语，相当于副词.that 引导宾语从句polluted 过去分词作定语2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. terrified 过去分词作定语every time 短语充当连词作用，还有 the moment/ minute /second; the first / second last time; immediately/instantly/ directlyeg: The first time I went abroad I could hardly understand what the foreigners said. The moment I saw him, I knew what had happened.3. It seemed that the water was to blame. be 动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事。 be to blame 应该负责；应受责备 eg: No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police. You are not to drop litter in this park. 公园里不许乱丢垃圾。 Who is to blame for the fire? Who is to be responsible for this?4. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. only 加状语放于句首时，主句用部分倒装。eg: Only a week later did I receive an answer from her. Only when you are forty and looking back will you realize that you havent done your best.拓展：only if 可译为“只有”eg: Only if you study hard, will you pass the test. Make a call only if it is important.5. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. suggest 当暗示，表明时，从句用陈述语气。 当建议讲时，从句用虚拟语气 (should) do eg: I suggested that he give up smoking.四语法分析：过去分词作定语和表语课文原句：1. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.过去分词作定语：意义：过去分词含有被动和完成的意思，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。a broken heart a ploughed field a risen sun 已升起的太阳位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面。polluted water death caused by the accident a broken glassa glass broken by the boy特别提示：有些词像left剩下的, given（所给的）, concerned（有关的） 等，习惯上作后置定语，如 standing room left the people concerned 有关人士 the book given 所给的书籍当所修饰的词是由some/ any /nothing/nobody所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，通常放在其后。如：There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.区别：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语1. 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表被动. 如surprising news surprised listenersan exciting movie excited children The teacher told his students a lot of interesting stories.She is interested in Chinese.2. 时间关系上不同：现在分词表动作正在进行；过去分词表动作已经完成。如the changing world 正在发生变化的世界the changed world 已经改变了的世界boiling water boiled water developing countriesdeveloped countries过去分词作表语：意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。如 she looked disappointed. we were encouraged at the news.用于被动语态，表示主语所承受的动作。如 the book is well written. the lake is badly polluted.五单词、短语突破1. Characteristic n.adj. n.特征；特性 What characteristics distinguish the Americans and Canadians? 特有的，典型的 With the Characteristic generosity, he offered to buy tickets for all of us.2. conclude vt. vi结束；推论出；议定，决定 常用于以下结构：conclude with sth.用结束某事conclude sth. from sth.从推断出conclude to do sth.决定做某事conclude that -clause决定拓展：conclusiondraw a conclusion 得出结论make a conclusion得出结论bring to a conclusion 使结束；谈定买卖等come to the conclusion that 所得到的结论arrive at / come to / reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落in conclusion to conclude 最后，总之3. attend vt. 照顾，护理；出席；参加I have to attend my sick son.will you attend the meeting tomorrow?4. expose vt. 显露；暴露；揭露She exposed a set of perfect white teeth when she smiled.The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing the bare rock.expose to He exposed his skin to the sun.5. cure n. vt.治愈；痊愈 n.there is still no cure for the common cold.治疗；治愈vt.Can you cure me of my cold? When I left hospital I was completely cured.6. absorb vt. 吸引；吸收；使专心Black clothing absorbs light.The task absorbed all his energies.be absorbed in absorb oneself in 全神贯注于The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.7. instruct vt.命令，指示，教导the manager instructed us about our duties on the first day. he doesnt instruct us where to go.派生词：instruction n.指导；指令 instructions n. 说明，操作指南8. link to 将和连接或联系起来（常用被动语态表示状态）The island is linked to the mainland by a new bridge.Heart disease can be linked to smoking.拓展join to把和连接起来connect with 将和连接111
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