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第4讲动词和动词短语,1.(2013浙江高考)Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesureto_itwithimportantpoints.A.concludeB.leadC.avoidD.hold【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意:当小组讨论接近尾声时,一定要以重点而结束。conclude结束;lead指导,指引;avoid避免;hold抓住,握住。故选A。,2.(2013江苏高考)Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit.Metoo.Thecharacterofthetowniswell_.A.qualifiedB.preservedC.decoratedD.simplified【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意:这个城镇真美!我很喜欢。我也一样。这个城镇的特色保持得很好。qualify有资格,合格;preserve保护,保持,腌制;decorate装饰;simplify使简化。,3.(2013天津高考)Ifyouareintrouble,Mikeisalwayswillingto_ahand.A.lendB.shakeC.waveD.want【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意:如果你有困难,迈克总是愿意伸出援手。lend借;shake摇动;wave挥手;want想。lendahand帮忙。,4.(2013新课标全国卷)Trynottocoughmorethanyoucan_sinceitmaycauseproblemstoyourlungs.A.checkB.allowC.stopD.help【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意:尽量能控制咳嗽就别咳嗽,因为会伤到肺。check检查;allow允许;stop停止;help帮助。canhelp(doing)sth.表示“阻止或避免(做)某事”。,5.(2013新课标全国卷)Thewatchwasverygood,andhe_20percentdownforit.A.paidB.costC.boughtD.spent【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意:这块表很好,他八折买的。pay+money+forsth.为某物付多少钱;cost表示“花费”时,主语是物不是人;buysb.sth./buysth.forsb.为某人买某物;spend+money+onsth./indoingsth.在某物/做某事上花多少钱。故选A。,6.(2013江西高考)She_thecarpetwithsomeverynicecurtainsincolour.A.connectedB.fittedC.equippedD.matched【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意:在颜色上,她把地毯和好看的窗帘搭配起来。connect联系,连接;fit安装;equip装备;match相称,搭配。根据句意,选D。,7.(2013福建高考)Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhich_spendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.A.enjoysB.involvesC.practicesD.suggests【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意:米歇尔找到了一份当高中老师的工作,这份工作涉及和学生一起度过许多时间。involve包含,涉及;enjoy享受,喜欢;practice练习;suggest建议,暗示。,8.(2013湖北高考)Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften_thecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.A.sacrificeB.substituteC.simplifyD.survive【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意:智者经常能够简化复杂的问题,而愚人更可能把简单的事情复杂化。sacrifice牺牲;substitute替代,顶替;simplify简化;survive幸存下来。根据句意可知选C项。,9.(2013湖北高考)Accordingtothelaw,allforeignershaveto_withthelocalpolicewithintwoweeksofarrival.A.associateB.disputeC.negotiateD.register【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意:依据法律,所有的外国人在到达后的两周内必须到当地的警察局注册登记。associate联系,结交;dispute争论;negotiate谈判;register登记,注册。根据句意可知选D项。,10.(2013新课标全国卷)Wouldyouliketo_withustothefilmtonight?A.comealongB.comeoffC.comeacrossD.comethrough【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗?comealong一起来,出现,进展,赶快;comeoff实现,举行;comeacross被理解,偶然碰到;comethrough传出,恢复。,11.(2013浙江高考)Bears_fatstoresthroughoutthesummerandfalltohaveenergyenoughtolastthemthroughtheirwintersleep.A.packupB.buildupC.bringupD.takeup【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:熊在整个夏天和秋天积蓄脂肪以便有足够的精力度过冬眠期。packup停止,收工;buildup逐渐增加;bringup抚养,使长大;takeup开始从事,占据(时间、空间等)。故选B。,12.(2013天津高考)Ihadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyear,butIwasntableto_.A.getawayB.dropinC.checkoutD.holdon【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我原本希望今年去度假的,但是我没能休假。getaway离开,逃脱,休假;dropin(顺便)拜访;checkout检查,结账离开;holdon坚持,别挂断。根据句意选A。,13.(2013陕西高考)Myunclehasntbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehas_.A.cutoutB.cutdownC.cutupD.cutoff【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我叔叔一直没能把烟戒掉,但是至少他抽烟少了。cutout停止运转,删去;cutdown砍倒,缩减;cutup切碎;cutoff切断,切除。根据句意,应选B。,14.(2013新课标全国卷)Atthelastmoment,Tomdecidedto_anewcharactertomakethestoryseemmorelikely.A.putupB.putinC.putonD.putoff【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:在最后一刻,汤姆决定添加一个新的角色以使故事感觉更真实。putup举起,建立;putin加入,放入;puton穿上,上演;putoff推迟。,15.(2013安徽高考)Traditionally,collegestudentsholdagraduationceremonytoencouragethemselvesbeforethey_ontheirlifejourney.A.giveupB.settledownC.getthroughD.setoff【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:传统上认为,大学生举行毕业典礼是为了在他们开始生活之旅之前为自己加油助威。setoff动身,出发;giveup放弃;settledown定居,平静下来,专心于;getthrough完成,接通(电话等)。,16.(2013辽宁高考)Briggswill_asgeneralmanagerwhenMitchellretires.A.getawayB.takeoverC.setoffD.runout【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:Mitchell退休后Briggs将接替她任总经理。getaway离开,脱身,逃掉;takeover接替,接管;setoff动身,出发;runout用光,用尽。,17.(2013江苏高考)Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers_theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:团队领导应该确保所有成员克服他们的想避免因犯错而产生尴尬的天性。getover克服,解决;lookover查看,检查;takeover接管,接任;comeover过来,顺便来访,改变立场。,18.(2013湖北高考)Inmuchoftheanimalworld,nightisthetime_forsleeppureandsimple.A.setasideB.setdownC.setoffD.setup【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:在动物世界里,夜晚是专门留出睡觉的时间纯粹而简单。setaside(专门)留出,拨出;setdown写下,记下;setoff动身,出发,引起,引爆;setup建立。根据句意可知选A项。,热点考向1动词词义辨析1.主要考点:考查常见动词词义辨析。强调语言的情境化,把动词放在鲜活的语境中进行考查。2.突破技巧:这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选用合适的动词。,【真题变式】根据提示完成句子。(2012天津高考)Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoreto_(缩小他们之间的隔阂)sothattheycanunderstandeachotherbetter.(2011江苏高考)Areyoustillmadather?Notreally,butI_(不能否认)thatherremarkshurtme.,narrowthegapbetweenthem,cantdeny,热点考向2高频动词短语意义辨析主要考点:对动词短语意义的考查主要集中于高频的动词短语,如break,bring,call,come,get,go,make,take,turn,put,pick,hold,keep,look,carry,set,cut,show,pull等构成的短语需要特别关注:,1.breakbreakawayfrom放弃,打破;与脱离关系breakdown发生故障;(计划、谈判)失败;(精神、身体)垮掉;分解breakin闯入,插嘴breakinto闯入breakout(战争、瘟疫等)爆发,突然发生breakup打碎,分手,分开,关系破裂,2.bringbringabout导致,造成,引起bringdown使倒下,使降低bringin引进;带来;赚得;收获bringforward提出;提前bringout出版;生产;使显现bringup抚养,教育;提出;呕吐,3.callcallfor要求;需要;去取或去接callback回电话;回忆起callin召集;请;召来;顺便来访callup打电话给;召集;使想起calloff取消callon号召,拜访,ecomeabout发生cometo苏醒;总计comeacross偶遇;无意中发现cometrue实现,成为现实(不及物)comeout出版;结果是comeup(建议、计划等)被提出comeupwith提出(建议、计划、方案等)comeon口语(催促)快点;(鼓励)来吧,加油;(不耐烦)得了,算了吧!,5.getgetacross解释清楚;使被理解getawayfrom避免;摆脱,逃离getawaywith侥幸成功;侥幸做成getaround四处走动;传播开来getdownto开始认真做某事getalong/onwith进展;与相处getover克服;从恢复或康复getridof摆脱;除去getthrough通过;完成;接通电话,6.givegiveaway赠送;泄露;分发giveback归还givein屈服;让步;投降;认输giveout分发;发出;公布,发表;用尽;筋疲力尽giveup放弃,对不再抱有希望,7.gogoagainst违背;不利于;反对goahead开始(做某事);(表示同意对方提出的要求或建议)说吧!做吧!开始吧!goaround参观;(消息)传播goby过去;经过godown下降;下沉goon继续;发生;进行goover复习,仔细检查,gothrough穿过;经历;仔细检查gowith与相配gowithout没有也行8.holdholdback犹豫不决;隐瞒;阻止;抑制holdon=hangon别挂断电话;等一会儿;坚持下去holdout坚持;伸出holdup举起;阻挡,使耽搁holdonto紧紧抓住;保持,保留;不放弃,9.keepkeepawayfrom远离;避开;回避keepback扣下,留下;隐瞒;抑制,克制(感情)keepon继续;坚持下去keepoutof置身于之外;不卷入,不参与;避开keepup保持;继续;不低落keepupwith跟上,不落后;与并驾齐驱keepaneyeoutfor密切注意;留心;警惕keepaneyeon照看,留意;密切注视,10.leaveleavealone不打扰;不理,不管leavebehind留下;丢下,丢弃leaveout遗漏,忽略11.looklookaround环顾四周lookawayfrom把目光从移开lookinto调查;窥视lookbackon/upon回忆/回顾,lookup查找,查询;向上看lookupto尊敬;敬仰lookdownupon歧视,看不起lookforwardto盼望;期待lookthrough浏览;快速查看lookout(for)当心,留意,小心lookon旁观,12.makemakeuseof利用makeup组成;编造;化妆;和解makeupfor补偿;弥补makefor走向;有助于;促成,导致makesense有意义;有道理;讲得通makesenseof理解;弄明白makeout理解;分辨出,辨认出makeit成功;成功到达某地;把某事确定在某个时间,13.putputaside撇开;暂不考虑;储蓄putaway收拾,整理;储存putback把放回原处;推迟putforward提出;拨快putdown记下,写下,镇压putout伸出;扑灭;生产;出版putup建造,张贴;提供住宿putupwith忍受;容忍puton穿上,增加,上演,14.setsetaside划出;留出;拨出setaboutdoingsth.着手做某事setout出发,动身setouttodosth.着手做某事setoff出发,动身;引起;使爆炸setup建立(组织、机构),创立,15.turnturnaway走开;转过脸去turndown拒绝;关小,调低turnup开大;出现,到场turnout结果是,证明是;生产turnover把翻过来;翻阅,仔细考虑turnagainst反对;背叛turnto转向;求助于,16.taketakeafter长得像某人takeapart拆开;拆卸takeback收回,撤销takedown记下;拆卸;取下takeaway带走,拿走,剥夺takeup从事,开始做;占据(时间、空间);着手处理;接着做(停顿的事情,如谈话)takein吸收;接受;理解,欺骗,takeoff起飞;脱下;成功,事业飞黄腾达takeon呈现;具有;承担;雇用takeover接管,接收takeadvantageof利用takeit/thingseasy放松,别紧张takeyourtime慢慢来,别着急takemeasures/stepstodosth.采取措施做某事takeaction采取行动,【真题变式】根据汉语提示用正确的动词短语完成句子。(2012全国卷)Maryisreallygoodattakingnotesinclass.Shecan_(记下)almosteverywordherteachersays.(2012福建高考)Youhadbetter_(留出)sometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic.(2012陕西高考)Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheair-conditioningsystem_(出故障,出问题).,putdown/setdown/writedown,setaside,brokedown,(2012浙江高考)Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcan_(开始准备)yourbusinessplan.(2012四川高考)Itssurprisingthatyourbrother_(学会)Russiansoquicklyhehasntlivedthereverylong.,setouttoprepare/setaboutpreparing/,begintoprepare,picked,up,热点考向3常见的系动词的用法1.表示变化类的系动词,如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,make等。2.表示感觉类的系动词,如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。3.表示状态类的系动词,如keep,remain,stand,stay,lie等。,4.表示“像”类系动词,主要有seem,appear,look,表示“看起来,似乎,显得”。5.此类系动词的特点:只适用于主动语态;只用于一般时态(一般现在时和一般过去时,不能用于进行时态)。,【真题变式】理解下列句子中画线词的用法。(2012江西高考)Wewereallagreedthatthecottagewould_aperfectholidayhomeforthefamily.【解析】句中make为系动词,其后接名词作表语,意为“变成,成为”。(2010四川高考)Somepeopleeatwiththeireyes.Theyprefertoorderwhat_nice.【解析】句中looks为系动词,其后接形容词作表语,意为“看起来”。,make,looks,热点考向4动词的熟词生义用法很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义,有的是经常使用的意义,有些词的一些意义学生不熟悉,因此要进行专门复习,它们是:1.act(熟义:v.preserve保存,保护,保鲜;desert遗弃。根据句意,B项正确。,14.(2013金华模拟)AfterseveralroundsofImaSingercompetition,YuQuan_becauseoftheirexcellentvoicesandperformances.A.putoutB.pickedoutC.brokeoutD.stoodout【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我是歌手经过几轮的比赛之后,羽泉因为他们出色的声音和表演脱颖而出。putout熄灭,扑灭,出版;pickout选出;breakout(战争、火灾等的)发生;standout突出,显眼,引人注目。,15.Id_hisreputationwithotherbusinessmen,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.A.liveupwithB.makeupforC.cometolightD.takeintoaccount【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我会考虑他与其他生意人的声望,然后决定是否同意贷款。liveupwith适应,解决,做到;makeupfor弥补;cometolight真相大白,众所周知;takeintoaccount=takeintoconsideration把考虑在内。根据句意可知,本题正确答案为D。,
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