实用高中英语用法词典连载.doc

实用高中英语用法词典连载(01)Aa eI,E / anAn,En art.（用在以元音开始的词前为 an）1.一(个、件、本、块、首等)：Her wish was to be a writer. 她的志愿是当作家。/ Its not an easy task. 这不是一件容易的任务。/ The question before us is a difficult one. 我们面前的问题是一个困难的问题。2.(一类事物中的)任何一个；任何：A tiger is a dangerous animal. 老虎是危险的动物。3.每一：We went there once a year. 我们一年到那里去一次。/ The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生让他每天洗两次眼睛。/ They cost 50p a pound. 这些每磅 50 便士。4.某一：A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you. 有一位史密斯夫人想同你说话。from A to Z 从头到尾，彻底地：know the subject from A to Z 对这一科目了如指掌【用法】1.常用于单数可数名词前，只要该名词的读音是以辅音开头，则用不定冠词 a，若该名词读音是以元音开头，则用 an：a book(一本书)，a boy(一个男孩)，an apple(一个苹果)，an old man(一位老人)等。另外读音以元音开头的字母及字母缩略词(如 a, e, f, h, I, m, n, o, SOS, MBA 等)前若用不定冠词，要用 an，不用 a。2. 用于表示泛指，既可指同一类属中的具有代表性的任何一个，也可指同一类属中的某一个：A lion can be very dangerous. 狮子是很危险的。3.在序数词之前使用a(an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加。如：Do you want to read it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗？4.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，即表示某一类属中的每一个都能反映该类属的整体情况，此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。如：A tiger The tiger, Tigers can be dangerous. 老虎是危险的。注意：不定冠词的这一用法是指某一类中任何一个具有代表性的个体，它不能用来表示整体类别的特性，如下例中的the不能换成a：The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。abandonE5bAndEn vt.1. 丢弃，抛弃：He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。2.放弃：They abandoned the game because of storm. 因为暴风雨比赛停止了。abilityE5bIlItI n. 1.U能力；本领；才能：a man of great musical ability 有卓越音乐才华的人 / I doubt his ability to do the job. 我认为他没有做这工作的能力。2. C,U天才：ability in music音乐天才to the best of your ability 竭尽所能：Just try to do the job to the best of your ability. 试着尽你所能将工作做好。【用法】表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等，其后通常要接不定式：She has the ability to speak French fluently. 她能流利地说法语。但在现代英语中，也可后接 of doing sth(不如接不定式普遍，建议初学者谨用)：I admire his ability of doing the work quickly. 我羡慕他工作做得快。able5eIbl adj. 1.能的：Will you be able to come to our party? 你能来参加我们的聚会吗？ 2.有能力的；能干的：an able politician 有才干的政治家 be able to do sth 能够做某事：She wont be able to come tomorrow. 她明天不能来。/ Id like to be able to read English books. 我希望能看英文书。/ Id like to be able to help in some way. 我愿意能以某种方式帮忙。【用法】1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”，可用作表语或定语：He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的经理。2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或会做做某事)：I will not be able to come tomorrow. 我明天来不了。注意：be able to 不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用)，而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用)，甚至还可以有非谓语形式：Since his accident he hasnt been able to leave the house. 自出事之后，他一直未能离开家。/ I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。abnormalAb5nC:ml adj.不正常的，反常的：Such an abnormal phenomenon will not last long. 这样的反常现象不会持续很久。aboutE5baJt adv.1. 大约，左右：Its about three miles from here to the city center. 有这里到市中心大约三英里。2. 到处；附近，在周围：They walked about the streets. 他们在街上各处走走。prep.1.关于；对于：a book about snakes一本关于蛇的书 / be careful (careless) about 对某事细心(粗心) 2.在附近；在周围：I saw it about here. 我在这附近看到过它。3. 忙于：关心(某事)：going about ones day-to-day business 忙于日常事务 How What about? 怎么样？/ be about to do 正要，将要：Hes about to go. 他就要走了。/ Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了。【用法】1. 表示“大约”，通常用于数字前：It costs about $20. 这需 20 美元左右。2. 在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词 about, 含义有差别：She knows him. 她认识他。/ She knows about him. 她知道有关他的情况。 3. be about to (do)，意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)连用：We are about to leave for Beijing. 我们正要动身去北京。不说：We are about to leave for Beijing tomorrow. aboveE5bQv prep.1.在上面；超过：We flew above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。/ It cost above 100 yuan. 它的价值超过100元。2.胜于：She is above any of her classmates in speaking English. 她英语说得比班上任何同学都好。3.不屑：Hes not above telling a few lies, if it makes life easier. 他并不介意说些恍谎话，要是这样能叫日子好过一点的话。adj.上面的；上述的：For the answer, see the above sentence. 关于答案，请见上一句。adv.1.在上面；向上：My bedroom is just above. 我的寝室在上面。2.在上文：the reference number mentioned above 上述编号 3.以上：children of seven or above 七岁或七岁以上的儿童above all最重要的是，尤其 / be above board (尤用于商业贸易)开诚布公【辨析】above 与 over：两者都可表示“高于”，但 over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方，而 above 则不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方)：They built a new room above over the garage. 他们在车房上加盖了一个新房间。/ The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。也就是说，表示正上方时，两者均可用；不表示正上方时，则通常要用 above。abroadE5brC:d adv.到(在)国外：My mother has never been abroad. 我母亲从未出过国。【提醒】1. 表示“在国外”、“到国外”等，是副词，不是名词，因此不能与 in, to, at 等介词连用；其前也不用冠词：His and his family have gone abroad. 他和他的家人已经出国了。不能说：go to (the) abroad / live in (the) abroad 注意：abroad 之前虽不能用 in, to 之类的介词，但是却可以用介词 from。如：Li Lei just came back from abroad. 李雷刚从国外回来。2.不要把 abroad 写成 aboard(上船、上飞机)。absence5AbsEns n. 1. C,U缺席；不在场：I soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 我很快便察觉到他缺课。2.U缺乏；没有：the absence of definite proof 缺乏确凿的证据absent5AbsEnt adj.1.缺席的；不在场的：How many students are absent (from class) today? 今天有多少学生缺席？ 2.漫不经心的；心不在焉的；茫然的：an absent stare 心不在焉的呆视【用法】1. 用作形容词，可表示“缺席的”；要表示“做某事缺席”，其后常接介词 from：Several students were absent from class today. 今天有几个学生上课缺席。有时根据不同的语境，也可能使用不同的介词：Hes absent in Beijing. 他外出了，现在北京。2. 用作形容词，有时表示“心不在焉，茫然的”等，通常只用作定语：She had an absent look on her face. 她脸上露出茫然的神色。absolute5AbsElu:t adj.1.绝对的，完全的，无疑的：It is an absolute fact.这是一个无疑的事实。2. 确实的，实在的，真正的：without absolute proof of ones guilt 无确实犯罪证据absolutely5AbsElu:tlI adv.完全地，绝对地：Its absolutely impossible. 那是绝对不可能的。absorbEb5sC:b vt.1. 吸收：When wood gets wet, it absorbs water and expands. 木头受潮时会吸收水分并膨胀。2. 使专心：She was absorbed in her study. 她专心研读。abstract5AbstrAkt adj.抽象的：an abstract idea抽象概念 n. C摘要：an abstract of approximately 100 words 一篇约 100 字的摘要abundantE5bQndEnt adj.丰富的，大量的：The country is abundant in natural resources. 这个国家天然资源丰富。abuseE5bju:z vt.1.滥用：Its important not to abuse your position. 重要的是不要滥用你的地位。2. 虐待：to abuse a horse 虐待一匹马 n. C,U滥用：an abuse of authority 职权的滥用accent5AksEnt n.1. C重音2. C重音符号3. C,U口音，腔调：He speaks English with a strong German accent. 他说英语带有浓重的德国口音。the accent is on sth 重点在于某事acceptE5ksept v.接受；收下：I cannot accept this gift. 我不能接受这份礼物。vt.承认；认可：Did she accept your reasons for being late? 她认可了你迟到的理由吗？【辨析】accept 与 receive：1. receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”，而 accept 则指主动地“接受”：She received his gift, but she didnt accept it. 她收到了他的礼物，但是没有接受。2. 表示“接见，接待”时，要用 receive 而不用 accept：The professor was warmly received. 教授受到了热情接待。accident5AksIdEnt n.C事故，意外：a fatal accident 致命的意外 / Carelessness often causes accidents. 粗心常导致事故。by accident 偶然地，意外地 / without accident 平安无事地【辨析】accident 与 insident：都可表示“事件”，但 accident 指偶然发生的不幸事件，即“事故”；incident 则指普通的小事件，也指暴力性的政治事件：About five people were killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有5 个人丧生。/ Were there any exciting incidents during your journey? 你们在旅行中有没有什么令人激动的事情？/ The book is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的。according toE5kC:diN tJ prep.1.按照，根据：More people now have a high standard of living, according to the statistics. 按照统计数字所示，现在已有较多人享有高水平生活。accountE5kaJnt n.1. C账目：He takes care of the business and his wife keeps the accounts. 他负责做生意，他妻子管账目。2.C(书面或口头)报道；说明；描述：Todays paper carries an exciting account of the football match. 今天的报纸刊载了这场足球比赛的精彩报道。3.账户：have an account at with that bank 在那个银行有账户 4.赊账：Your account is still unpaid. 你的账还没付。by from all accounts 根据大家所说 / on account of 因为 / on all accounts on every account 无论如何 / on no account 决不 / takeinto account of take account of 对加以考虑，顾及 acheeIk vi.1.疼痛：His legs ached after playing football for two hours. 踢了两个小时足球后，他感到腿痛。2. 渴望：She is aching to go abroad. 她一直渴望到各国外去。n.C,U痛，疼痛：He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。【辨析】ache 与 pain：1. ache 主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛：My back aches terribly. 我背痛得厉害。而 pain 是一般用语，可指轻微的痛或剧烈的痛，可指局部的痛或全身的痛，可指持续的痛或突发的痛等：The death of his father gave him much pain. 他父亲的死使他很悲痛。2. 由于 ache 常用于指局部的持续性疼痛，所以它常与某些表示身体部位的词构成合成词，表示身体的某处疼痛(此时通常不用 pain)：headache(头痛)，toothache(牙痛)等。achieveE5tFi:v vt.1.完成；实现：Ive achieved only half of what Id hoped to do. 我希望做到的，我仅完成了一半。2. 达到；获得：He achieved his goal. 他达到了他的目标。acrossE5krRs prep.1.横过，穿过：row sb across a lake 划船送某人过湖2. 到对面；在对面：He lives across the street from us. 他住在我们的对面大街。【辨析】across 与 through：都可表示“横过”或“穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念；而后者则指在里面或在一定空间范围内“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念：The old lady walked across the road carefully. 老太太小心地走过马路。He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人穿过森林。【提醒】across 是介词，注意不要与动词 cross(穿过)混淆。actAkt n.法令；条例：an Act of Parliament (英国议会的)法令 v. 1. 扮演, 表演：Who is acting the part of Hamlet? 谁扮演哈姆雷特这个角色？ 2. 行动：Theres no time to lose; you must act now. 没时间了，你必须立即采取行动。3.表现；行为：He acted badly in school. 他在学校时表现很不好。4.起作用；产生效果：The medicine failed to act. 这药不曾生效。5.假装：She is not really crying; shes only acting in order to gain your sympathy. 她不是真哭，不过是装腔，想博取你的同情。act of God 自然灾害 / be a hard tough act to follow 做某事出色使别人难以企及 / get in on the act (为得到好处而)参加(某活动) / get your act together 协调一致 / in the act of doing sth 正在做某事的时候，当场 / act sth out 模拟再现某事 / act up (孩子)调皮捣蛋；(身体或设备)出毛病action5AkF(E)n n.1. U行动；动作：He is a man of action. 他是个实干的人。2.C行为；举动：The doctors quick action saved the childs life. 医生的果断行动救了这孩子一命。3. C姿势：She has a graceful action. 她姿态优雅。caurse of action 采取的行动 / in action 行动中，正在工作或做某事 / into action 开始工作，开始运行 / out of action 出故障的，无法正常工作的 / take action 采取行动active5AktIv adj.1. 活动的；活跃的：She is not as active as she was. 她不像以往那样活跃。2.主动的；积极的：an active member积极分子 / Students should take an active part in college life. 学生们应该积极参与大学的活动。activityAk5tIvItI n.1.C活动：I have a lot of activities which take up my time. 我从事很多活动，时间都被填满了。2. U活力；活动性：The house has been full of activity all day. 房子里整天都很热闹。actor5AktE(r) n. C演员；男演员：a film actor 电影演员actress5AktrIs n. C女演员【助记】waitress 女服务员 / poetess 女诗人 / princess 公主 / stewardess 空姐，女乘务员actual5AktFJEl adj.实际的；现实的；真实的：The actual cost was much higher than we had expected. 实际成本比我们预料的高得多AD7eI 5di: n.公元：Rome was founded in 753 BC. 罗马建立于公元前753年。/ From 500 BC to 500 AD is 1000 years. 从公元前五百年到公元五百年共计1000年。【用法】AD 放在年代之后或之前皆可，而 BC(公元前)只能放在年代之后。adAd (= advertisement) n.C广告：I saw your ad in the local paper. 我在本地的报纸上看到了你的广告。addAd vt.1.添加：Will you add some more sugar to your coffee? 你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？ 2.加；加上：If add 5 and 5, you get 10. 5 加 5 得 10。 3. 补充说；又说：“Dont forget to write to us,” she added. 她补充说：“别忘了给我们写信。” add sth on 包括 / add to sth 增加，使更极端化 / add up 合理 / add (sth) up 加起来 / add up to sth 总计达 additionE5dIF(E)n n.1.U增加；(算数用语)相加：Our boy is still not good at addition. 我们的小男孩仍然不擅做加法。2. C增加物：Theyve got a new addition to the family. 他们家又多了一位成员。in addition (to sth) 除此之外，另外addressE5dres n.1. C地址；住址：Let me give you my home (business) address. 我把我的住址(工作地址)给你吧。2. C演讲；致词：He gave an address of welcome. 他致欢迎词。3.U举止 vt.1. 写姓名地址：The card was wrongly addressed to (us at) our old home. 那张(给我们的)明信片误写了我们的旧地址。2. 演说，向讲话：He addressed the audience in an eloquent speech. 他向听众发表了雄辩的演说。3.提出：Please address all complaints to the manager. 一切意见均请向经理提出。4.称呼：She prefers to be addressed as “Ms”. 她喜欢别人称呼她为“女士”。address oneself to专注于；致力于【提醒】用作名词，意为“地址”时，要注意汉语中的“你住在哪? ”在英语中不能直译为：Where is your address?(写有你的地址的纸条放在哪儿了? 而应说：Where do you live? / Whats your address?admireEd5maIE(r) vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞赏：I admire him for what he has done. 我对他所做的事很钦佩。/ I was admiring his new car. 我羡慕地看着他的新车。【用法】1.通常只作及物动词，通常用于 admire (sb for) sth，意为“因为而钦佩或赞美某人”：People admired (him for) his courage. 人们赞美他的勇气。/ I admire (him for) his success in his career. 我们佩服他事业有成。2.其后一般不接 that 从句，但有时可接 what 从句：We admire (him for ) what he has done. 我们对他所做的事很钦佩。但不说：We admire that he is brave. admissionEd5mIF(E)n n.1. U准许进入；准许加入：No admission. 禁止入内。/ Admission to this school is for boys only. 这所学校只接受男生入学。2.U入场费；会费：Admission to the concert is20. 这场音乐会入场费是20美元。admitEd5mIt v.承认；供认：Will you admit having broken the window? = Will you admit (that) you have broken the window? 你承不承认你打破了窗户？vt.1.准许(入场、入学、入会等)：admit sb into the university 获准入大学 / Each ticket admits two people to the party. 每张票可供两个人入场参加聚会。2.容纳, 容许：The auditorium admits 5,000 persons. 这座礼堂可容纳五千人。admit defeat 承认失败【用法】1. 表示“承认”时，其后可接名词、动名词或从句，不接不定式：He admitted breaking the window. 他承认打破了窗子。/ He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。2. 表示“允许进入”、“使能进入”，可指进入某一具体场所也可指进入某一组织机构等：This ticket admits one person only. 此券只准一人入场。/ The university admits 2,000 students every year. 这所大学每年招收 2 000 名学生。adult5AdQlt adj.成年的；已成人的：an adult man (woman) 成年男子(女子) / adult (basic) education 成人(基础)教育 n. C成年人：These films are suitable for adults only. 这些电影只适宜成人观看。advanceEd5vB:ns v.1.推进，促进；前进：advance the growth of rice促进水稻生长 / Our troops have advanced two miles. 我们的部队已经前进了两英里。2.提高；提 升：As the wages advanced, so did the cost of living.随着工资的提高, 生活费用也提高了。3. 提前；提前支付：She had ten dollars advanced on her salary. 她预支10 美元薪水。n.1. (用单数)前进：the armys advance towards the border 军队向边境的推进 2. C,U进步，进展：advance of civilization 文明的进步 / recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展3. C预支；预付；借贷：make an advance to sb 贷款给某人 / pay an advance of 100 预付 100 英镑in advance 预先，事先【用法】1. 用作名词，表示“前进”时，多为不可数名词；表示“进展”、“进步”等义时，多为可数名词：The armys advance was very fast. 部队推进很快。/ China has made great advances in industry. 中国在工业方面进步很大。2. 用作动词，表示推进的方向，通常用介词 to, towards：They advanced to towards the castle. 他们向城堡推进。表示进攻的对象，通常用介词 on, upon：The soldiers advanced on upon the enemy. 士兵们向敌人进击。advantageEd5vB:ntIdV n.1. C优势；长处：He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。2. U利益；益处：It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 明智地投资对你很有利。take (full) advantage of (充分)利用 / to ones advantage 对有利adventureEd5ventFE(r) n.C,U冒险；奇遇：The two Frenchmen went through strange adventures in the African forests. 这两个法国人在非洲森林里经历了种种奇遇。advertise5AdvEtaIz v. 登广告，宣传，为做广告：advertise on TV 在电视上做广告 / We advertised through the press. 我们通过报刊宣传。advertisementEd5v:tIsmEnt n. C,U广告，宣传：the advertisement page 广告专页 / A lot of people replied to our advertisement. 有许多人对我们的广告作出了反应。adviceEd5vaIs n. U忠告，劝告，建议：If you take my advice youll see a doctor. 如果你听我的话，就去看病。【用法】1. 表示“建议，劝告，忠告”等时，是不可数名词，若表示一条或几条建议或劝告，要借用 piece 这样的词：a piece of advice 一条建议。2. 表示按照某人的意见做某事，一般要用介词 on 或 by：They did the work on by her advice. 他们按她的意见做此工作。3. 表示提出建议或忠告，一般用动词 give；表示向某人请教或征求意见，一般用动词 ask (for)；表示接受意见或劝告，一般用动词take, follow, accept：She took the doctors advice and gave up smoking. 她听从医生的建议，戒了烟。4. 其后若出现 that 从句，通常用“should + 动词原形”这样的虚拟语气：The doctors advice is that he (should) give up smoking. 医生建议他戒烟。adviseEd5vaIz vt.忠告，劝告，建议：They strongly advised me not to do so. 他们竭力劝我不要这样做。【用法】1. 表示“建议”，通常为及物动词，其后接动词，通常应接动名词，而不能接不定式：I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。 注意：advise 之后不能直接跟不定式，但可接不定式的复合结构：They advised us not to travel on a Friday. 他们建议我们不要星期五去旅行。2. 其后若接 that 从句，通常要用虚拟语气(should + v)：He advised that I (should) give her a telephone call. 他建议我给她打个电话。aeroplane5eErEplein n. C(英)飞机：by aeroplane 乘飞机；用飞机affairE5feE(r) n.1. C(常用单数)事，事情，事务：Its not my affair. 那不是我的事。2.C(常用复数) (个人)业务；(公共)事务：government affairs 政务 / They talked about business affairs. 他们谈论商务。state of affairs 事态，情况affectE5fekt vt.1.影响：The change in climate may affect your health. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康。2.(使)感动：He was deeply affected by my words. 他听了我的话很受感动。【辨析】affect, effect 与 influence：1. affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”，但前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者的关系大致为：affect = have an effect on：The bad news did not affect him at all.The bad news had no effect on him at all. 这条坏消息对他没有一点影响。2. influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词)：Her style of painting has been influenced by Japanese art. 她的画风一直受到日本艺术的影响。/ Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。affordE5fC:d vt.1.承担得起(的费用等)；抽得出时间：He can afford an apartment. 他能买得起一套住房。/ Id love to go on holiday but I cant afford the time. 我倒想去度假，可是抽不出时间来。2.提供；给予：It affords pleasure to me. 这使我很高兴。【用法】1. 常与 can, be able to 等连用，表示“担负得起”某事或某物的费用、损失、后果等，或“抽得出”时间等，后面通常可接名词、代词、不定式等(主要用于否定句或疑问句)。I cant afford (to buy) a new coat. 我没钱买件新外衣。2. 表示“提供”、“给予”，其后可以接双宾语(直接宾语通常为抽象概念)，若双宾语交换位置，要用介词 to(此时无需连用 can, be able to)：His visit affords us great pleasure. = His visit affords great pleasure to us. 他的来访给我们带来了很大的快乐。afraidE5freId adj.1.害怕的：Some small children are afraid of the dark. 有些小孩怕黑。2.担心的；担忧的：He was afraid that he would fail in the exam. 他担心考试会不及格。3.(表示抱歉)恐怕；我想：I am afraid I cant help you. 很抱歉，我恐怕帮不了你的忙。【用法】1. 是形容词，不是动词，所以不能单独用作谓语：Dont be afraid. 别怕。不能说：Dont afraid. 2. 是表语形容词，一般不能放在名词前作定语。但若是本身有修饰语，则也可以放在名词前作定语；有时构成短语可放在被修饰的名词后作后置定语：a girl afraid of dogs 怕狗的男孩。3. Im afraid 意为“恐怕”，主要用来委婉地提出异议或说出令人不快的事情等：Its too late, Im afraid. 恐怕太贵了。Im afraid 之后可接 so 或 not, 表示前面所提到的情况。表肯定时用 so；表否定时用 not：“Will she come tomorrow?” Im afraid so (not). “她明天会来吗?”“恐怕会(不会)吧。”注意上面的否定说法不能改为 Im not afraid (so)。4. 表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接 of doing sth：Im afraid to jump of jumping . 我不敢跳。Africa5AfrIkE n.非洲African5AfrIkEn adj.非洲的，非洲人的n. C非洲人after5B:ftE(r) adv.以后，后来：They lived happily ever after. 他们后来一直生活得很幸福。prep.1. (指时间)在之后；后来：shortly after seven刚过七点钟 / the day after tomorrow 后天2.(表位置、顺序等)在之后：Z comes after Y. Z在Y之后。conj.在以后：The sun came out after the storm ceased. 在暴风雨停止后, 太阳出来了。after all 毕竟，终究 / after you (表示礼貌)您先请 / day after day (year after year) 日复一日(年复一年) / one after another 一个接一个【辨析】after 与 in：1. 均可与一段时间连用，表示“在之后”，但 after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，因此通常与过去时连用；而 in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子：After he (had) closed the door, he left the house. 关了门之后，他就离开了家。/ My father came back after three days. 3 天后我爸爸回来了。2. after 除与一段时间连用外，还可与时间点连用，此时可用于将来时(注：in 不能与时间点连用)：He will arrive after five oclock. 他 5 点钟以后到。afternoonB:ftE5nu:n n. C,U下午，午后：in the afternoon 在下午 / He goes there two afternoons a week. 他每星期有两个下午到那里去。afterwards5B:ftEwEdz adv.后来，然后：Lets eat first and go to the theater afterwards. 咱们先去吃饭，然后再去看戏。againE5en adv.1.再一次；再，又：If you fail, try again. 如果你失败了，再试一次。2.此外，另一方面：She might go, and again she might not. 她可能去，也可能不去。 now and again有时，时而 / again and again 反复地，再三地 / then (there) again 但是，然而againstE5enst prep.1. 相反；逆着：against the wind 逆风 / Thats against the law. 那是违法的。2.反对：He declared himself dead against the proposal. 他声明他断然反对那项提议。3. 靠着，倚着：The old woman is leaning against the wall. 那个老妇人正倚着墙。4.与成对照：dark colors against a fair skin 深色衬托出白皙的肌肤5. 防备；防御：food stored against winter为过冬贮备的食物against the law (rules) 违反法律(规则) / against your will 违背自己的意愿，被强迫 / against sbs wishes (advice) 不理会某人的意愿(建议) 【提醒】是介词，不是动词，不要受汉语思维影响而将其误用作动词。ageeIdV n.1.C,U年龄；年纪：Children of all ages will enjoy this film. 不管多大年纪的孩子都会喜欢这部电影。2. U人生的阶段：middle age 中年 / full age 成年3. U年老：His face was wrinkled with age. 他的脸因苍老而起皱。4. C时代，年代：the computer age 电脑时代 / the Middle Ages 中世纪5. C(常用复数)长时间：I havent seen him for ages. 我有很长时间没有看见他了。at the age of 在岁的时候 / age group 同是某一年龄的人，年龄组 / under age 未到法定年龄 / come of age 成年aggression5EreF(E)n n.C,U侵略，挑衅：an act of open aggression 公然的侵略行动aggressive5EresIv adj.1.侵略的；好斗的：Some people get aggressive after drinking alcohol. 有些人喝了酒后会变得咄咄逼人。2.有进取心的：an aggressive young executive一个进取心很强的年轻管理人员agoE5EJ adv.以前：It was seven years ago that she went abroad. 她七年前出国了。【辨析】ago 与 before：1. 两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后)，但 ago表示从现在向前回溯，即现在的过去，因此通常与一般过去时连用；而 before 则表示从过去向前回溯，即指过去的过去，因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中)：I bought the computer five years ago. 我是五年前买这台电脑的。/ He said they had left seven days before. 他说他们 7 天前就离开了。2. before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间)，泛指“以前”，此时可用于一般过去时，也可用于现在完成时：I have been to Beijing before. 我以前去过北京。agreeE5ri: v.1.同意；应允：I asked for a pay rise, and she agreed. 我请求加薪，她同意了。2.赞同：I dont agree with experiments on animals. 我不赞成用动物做实验。3. 一致，相符：Shanghai does not agree with me; I like Beijing better. 上海对我不适宜，我更喜欢北京。agreementE5ri:mEnt n.1. U同意，一致：She nodded her head in agreement. 她点头同意。/ The two things are in agreement. 这两件事是一致的。2.协议，合约：The agreement was written and signed. 协议已写好，也签了字。agriculturalArI5kQltFEr(E)l adj.农业的：agricultural products农作物，农产品 / agricultural development 农业的发展agriculture5ArI7kQltFE(r) n. U农业，农学：He is engaged in agriculture. 他从事农业。aheadE5hed adv.& adj.1.在前面，向前：Full speed ahead! 全速前进! 2.预先，事先：We must think ahead and make a plan. 我们要为未来着想，定一个计划。3.领先，占优势：She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先。ahead of 在之前；超过 / get ahead 胜过，超过 / streets ahead (of sb / sth) 远胜过(某人、某物)aideId n.1. U援助；救护：legal aid 法律援助