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实用高中英语用法词典连载(01)Aa eI,E / anAn,En art.(用在以元音开始的词前为 an)1.一(个、件、本、块、首等):Her wish was to be a writer. 她的志愿是当作家。/ Its not an easy task. 这不是一件容易的任务。/ The question before us is a difficult one. 我们面前的问题是一个困难的问题。2.(一类事物中的)任何一个;任何:A tiger is a dangerous animal. 老虎是危险的动物。3.每一:We went there once a year. 我们一年到那里去一次。/ The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生让他每天洗两次眼睛。/ They cost 50p a pound. 这些每磅 50 便士。4.某一:A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you. 有一位史密斯夫人想同你说话。from A to Z 从头到尾,彻底地:know the subject from A to Z 对这一科目了如指掌【用法】1.常用于单数可数名词前,只要该名词的读音是以辅音开头,则用不定冠词 a,若该名词读音是以元音开头,则用 an:a book(一本书),a boy(一个男孩),an apple(一个苹果),an old man(一位老人)等。另外读音以元音开头的字母及字母缩略词(如 a, e, f, h, I, m, n, o, SOS, MBA 等)前若用不定冠词,要用 an,不用 a。2. 用于表示泛指,既可指同一类属中的具有代表性的任何一个,也可指同一类属中的某一个:A lion can be very dangerous. 狮子是很危险的。3.在序数词之前使用a(an),可以表示数量或序数的增加。如:Do you want to read it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗?4.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”,即表示某一类属中的每一个都能反映该类属的整体情况,此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。如:A tiger The tiger, Tigers can be dangerous. 老虎是危险的。注意:不定冠词的这一用法是指某一类中任何一个具有代表性的个体,它不能用来表示整体类别的特性,如下例中的the不能换成a:The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。abandonE5bAndEn vt.1. 丢弃,抛弃:He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。2.放弃:They abandoned the game because of storm. 因为暴风雨比赛停止了。abilityE5bIlItI n. 1.U能力;本领;才能:a man of great musical ability 有卓越音乐才华的人 / I doubt his ability to do the job. 我认为他没有做这工作的能力。2. C,U天才:ability in music音乐天才to the best of your ability 竭尽所能:Just try to do the job to the best of your ability. 试着尽你所能将工作做好。【用法】表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等,其后通常要接不定式:She has the ability to speak French fluently. 她能流利地说法语。但在现代英语中,也可后接 of doing sth(不如接不定式普遍,建议初学者谨用):I admire his ability of doing the work quickly. 我羡慕他工作做得快。able5eIbl adj. 1.能的:Will you be able to come to our party? 你能来参加我们的聚会吗? 2.有能力的;能干的:an able politician 有才干的政治家 be able to do sth 能够做某事:She wont be able to come tomorrow. 她明天不能来。/ Id like to be able to read English books. 我希望能看英文书。/ Id like to be able to help in some way. 我愿意能以某种方式帮忙。【用法】1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”,可用作表语或定语:He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的经理。2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或会做做某事):I will not be able to come tomorrow. 我明天来不了。注意:be able to 不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用),而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用),甚至还可以有非谓语形式:Since his accident he hasnt been able to leave the house. 自出事之后,他一直未能离开家。/ I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。abnormalAb5nC:ml adj.不正常的,反常的:Such an abnormal phenomenon will not last long. 这样的反常现象不会持续很久。aboutE5baJt adv.1. 大约,左右:Its about three miles from here to the city center. 有这里到市中心大约三英里。2. 到处;附近,在周围:They walked about the streets. 他们在街上各处走走。prep.1.关于;对于:a book about snakes一本关于蛇的书 / be careful (careless) about 对某事细心(粗心) 2.在附近;在周围:I saw it about here. 我在这附近看到过它。3. 忙于:关心(某事):going about ones day-to-day business 忙于日常事务 How What about? 怎么样?/ be about to do 正要,将要:Hes about to go. 他就要走了。/ Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话,珍妮先讲了。【用法】1. 表示“大约”,通常用于数字前:It costs about $20. 这需 20 美元左右。2. 在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词 about, 含义有差别:She knows him. 她认识他。/ She knows about him. 她知道有关他的情况。 3. be about to (do),意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)连用:We are about to leave for Beijing. 我们正要动身去北京。不说:We are about to leave for Beijing tomorrow. aboveE5bQv prep.1.在上面;超过:We flew above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。/ It cost above 100 yuan. 它的价值超过100元。2.胜于:She is above any of her classmates in speaking English. 她英语说得比班上任何同学都好。3.不屑:Hes not above telling a few lies, if it makes life easier. 他并不介意说些恍谎话,要是这样能叫日子好过一点的话。adj.上面的;上述的:For the answer, see the above sentence. 关于答案,请见上一句。adv.1.在上面;向上:My bedroom is just above. 我的寝室在上面。2.在上文:the reference number mentioned above 上述编号 3.以上:children of seven or above 七岁或七岁以上的儿童above all最重要的是,尤其 / be above board (尤用于商业贸易)开诚布公【辨析】above 与 over:两者都可表示“高于”,但 over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方,而 above 则不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方):They built a new room above over the garage. 他们在车房上加盖了一个新房间。/ The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。也就是说,表示正上方时,两者均可用;不表示正上方时,则通常要用 above。abroadE5brC:d adv.到(在)国外:My mother has never been abroad. 我母亲从未出过国。【提醒】1. 表示“在国外”、“到国外”等,是副词,不是名词,因此不能与 in, to, at 等介词连用;其前也不用冠词:His and his family have gone abroad. 他和他的家人已经出国了。不能说:go to (the) abroad / live in (the) abroad 注意:abroad 之前虽不能用 in, to 之类的介词,但是却可以用介词 from。如:Li Lei just came back from abroad. 李雷刚从国外回来。2.不要把 abroad 写成 aboard(上船、上飞机)。absence5AbsEns n. 1. C,U缺席;不在场:I soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 我很快便察觉到他缺课。2.U缺乏;没有:the absence of definite proof 缺乏确凿的证据absent5AbsEnt adj.1.缺席的;不在场的:How many students are absent (from class) today? 今天有多少学生缺席? 2.漫不经心的;心不在焉的;茫然的:an absent stare 心不在焉的呆视【用法】1. 用作形容词,可表示“缺席的”;要表示“做某事缺席”,其后常接介词 from:Several students were absent from class today. 今天有几个学生上课缺席。有时根据不同的语境,也可能使用不同的介词:Hes absent in Beijing. 他外出了,现在北京。2. 用作形容词,有时表示“心不在焉,茫然的”等,通常只用作定语:She had an absent look on her face. 她脸上露出茫然的神色。absolute5AbsElu:t adj.1.绝对的,完全的,无疑的:It is an absolute fact.这是一个无疑的事实。2. 确实的,实在的,真正的:without absolute proof of ones guilt 无确实犯罪证据absolutely5AbsElu:tlI adv.完全地,绝对地:Its absolutely impossible. 那是绝对不可能的。absorbEb5sC:b vt.1. 吸收:When wood gets wet, it absorbs water and expands. 木头受潮时会吸收水分并膨胀。2. 使专心:She was absorbed in her study. 她专心研读。abstract5AbstrAkt adj.抽象的:an abstract idea抽象概念 n. C摘要:an abstract of approximately 100 words 一篇约 100 字的摘要abundantE5bQndEnt adj.丰富的,大量的:The country is abundant in natural resources. 这个国家天然资源丰富。abuseE5bju:z vt.1.滥用:Its important not to abuse your position. 重要的是不要滥用你的地位。2. 虐待:to abuse a horse 虐待一匹马 n. C,U滥用:an abuse of authority 职权的滥用accent5AksEnt n.1. C重音2. C重音符号3. C,U口音,腔调:He speaks English with a strong German accent. 他说英语带有浓重的德国口音。the accent is on sth 重点在于某事acceptE5ksept v.接受;收下:I cannot accept this gift. 我不能接受这份礼物。vt.承认;认可:Did she accept your reasons for being late? 她认可了你迟到的理由吗?【辨析】accept 与 receive:1. receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,而 accept 则指主动地“接受”:She received his gift, but she didnt accept it. 她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。2. 表示“接见,接待”时,要用 receive 而不用 accept:The professor was warmly received. 教授受到了热情接待。accident5AksIdEnt n.C事故,意外:a fatal accident 致命的意外 / Carelessness often causes accidents. 粗心常导致事故。by accident 偶然地,意外地 / without accident 平安无事地【辨析】accident 与 insident:都可表示“事件”,但 accident 指偶然发生的不幸事件,即“事故”;incident 则指普通的小事件,也指暴力性的政治事件:About five people were killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有5 个人丧生。/ Were there any exciting incidents during your journey? 你们在旅行中有没有什么令人激动的事情?/ The book is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的。according toE5kC:diN tJ prep.1.按照,根据:More people now have a high standard of living, according to the statistics. 按照统计数字所示,现在已有较多人享有高水平生活。accountE5kaJnt n.1. C账目:He takes care of the business and his wife keeps the accounts. 他负责做生意,他妻子管账目。2.C(书面或口头)报道;说明;描述:Todays paper carries an exciting account of the football match. 今天的报纸刊载了这场足球比赛的精彩报道。3.账户:have an account at with that bank 在那个银行有账户 4.赊账:Your account is still unpaid. 你的账还没付。by from all accounts 根据大家所说 / on account of 因为 / on all accounts on every account 无论如何 / on no account 决不 / takeinto account of take account of 对加以考虑,顾及 acheeIk vi.1.疼痛:His legs ached after playing football for two hours. 踢了两个小时足球后,他感到腿痛。2. 渴望:She is aching to go abroad. 她一直渴望到各国外去。n.C,U痛,疼痛:He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。【辨析】ache 与 pain:1. ache 主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛:My back aches terribly. 我背痛得厉害。而 pain 是一般用语,可指轻微的痛或剧烈的痛,可指局部的痛或全身的痛,可指持续的痛或突发的痛等:The death of his father gave him much pain. 他父亲的死使他很悲痛。2. 由于 ache 常用于指局部的持续性疼痛,所以它常与某些表示身体部位的词构成合成词,表示身体的某处疼痛(此时通常不用 pain):headache(头痛),toothache(牙痛)等。achieveE5tFi:v vt.1.完成;实现:Ive achieved only half of what Id hoped to do. 我希望做到的,我仅完成了一半。2. 达到;获得:He achieved his goal. 他达到了他的目标。acrossE5krRs prep.1.横过,穿过:row sb across a lake 划船送某人过湖2. 到对面;在对面:He lives across the street from us. 他住在我们的对面大街。【辨析】across 与 through:都可表示“横过”或“穿过”,前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;而后者则指在里面或在一定空间范围内“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念:The old lady walked across the road carefully. 老太太小心地走过马路。He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人穿过森林。【提醒】across 是介词,注意不要与动词 cross(穿过)混淆。actAkt n.法令;条例:an Act of Parliament (英国议会的)法令 v. 1. 扮演, 表演:Who is acting the part of Hamlet? 谁扮演哈姆雷特这个角色? 2. 行动:Theres no time to lose; you must act now. 没时间了,你必须立即采取行动。3.表现;行为:He acted badly in school. 他在学校时表现很不好。4.起作用;产生效果:The medicine failed to act. 这药不曾生效。5.假装:She is not really crying; shes only acting in order to gain your sympathy. 她不是真哭,不过是装腔,想博取你的同情。act of God 自然灾害 / be a hard tough act to follow 做某事出色使别人难以企及 / get in on the act (为得到好处而)参加(某活动) / get your act together 协调一致 / in the act of doing sth 正在做某事的时候,当场 / act sth out 模拟再现某事 / act up (孩子)调皮捣蛋;(身体或设备)出毛病action5AkF(E)n n.1. U行动;动作:He is a man of action. 他是个实干的人。2.C行为;举动:The doctors quick action saved the childs life. 医生的果断行动救了这孩子一命。3. C姿势:She has a graceful action. 她姿态优雅。caurse of action 采取的行动 / in action 行动中,正在工作或做某事 / into action 开始工作,开始运行 / out of action 出故障的,无法正常工作的 / take action 采取行动active5AktIv adj.1. 活动的;活跃的:She is not as active as she was. 她不像以往那样活跃。2.主动的;积极的:an active member积极分子 / Students should take an active part in college life. 学生们应该积极参与大学的活动。activityAk5tIvItI n.1.C活动:I have a lot of activities which take up my time. 我从事很多活动,时间都被填满了。2. U活力;活动性:The house has been full of activity all day. 房子里整天都很热闹。actor5AktE(r) n. C演员;男演员:a film actor 电影演员actress5AktrIs n. C女演员【助记】waitress 女服务员 / poetess 女诗人 / princess 公主 / stewardess 空姐,女乘务员actual5AktFJEl adj.实际的;现实的;真实的:The actual cost was much higher than we had expected. 实际成本比我们预料的高得多AD7eI 5di: n.公元:Rome was founded in 753 BC. 罗马建立于公元前753年。/ From 500 BC to 500 AD is 1000 years. 从公元前五百年到公元五百年共计1000年。【用法】AD 放在年代之后或之前皆可,而 BC(公元前)只能放在年代之后。adAd (= advertisement) n.C广告:I saw your ad in the local paper. 我在本地的报纸上看到了你的广告。addAd vt.1.添加:Will you add some more sugar to your coffee? 你的咖啡要多加些糖吗? 2.加;加上:If add 5 and 5, you get 10. 5 加 5 得 10。 3. 补充说;又说:“Dont forget to write to us,” she added. 她补充说:“别忘了给我们写信。” add sth on 包括 / add to sth 增加,使更极端化 / add up 合理 / add (sth) up 加起来 / add up to sth 总计达 additionE5dIF(E)n n.1.U增加;(算数用语)相加:Our boy is still not good at addition. 我们的小男孩仍然不擅做加法。2. C增加物:Theyve got a new addition to the family. 他们家又多了一位成员。in addition (to sth) 除此之外,另外addressE5dres n.1. C地址;住址:Let me give you my home (business) address. 我把我的住址(工作地址)给你吧。2. C演讲;致词:He gave an address of welcome. 他致欢迎词。3.U举止 vt.1. 写姓名地址:The card was wrongly addressed to (us at) our old home. 那张(给我们的)明信片误写了我们的旧地址。2. 演说,向讲话:He addressed the audience in an eloquent speech. 他向听众发表了雄辩的演说。3.提出:Please address all complaints to the manager. 一切意见均请向经理提出。4.称呼:She prefers to be addressed as “Ms”. 她喜欢别人称呼她为“女士”。address oneself to专注于;致力于【提醒】用作名词,意为“地址”时,要注意汉语中的“你住在哪? ”在英语中不能直译为:Where is your address?(写有你的地址的纸条放在哪儿了? 而应说:Where do you live? / Whats your address?admireEd5maIE(r) vt.钦佩;羡慕;赞赏:I admire him for what he has done. 我对他所做的事很钦佩。/ I was admiring his new car. 我羡慕地看着他的新车。【用法】1.通常只作及物动词,通常用于 admire (sb for) sth,意为“因为而钦佩或赞美某人”:People admired (him for) his courage. 人们赞美他的勇气。/ I admire (him for) his success in his career. 我们佩服他事业有成。2.其后一般不接 that 从句,但有时可接 what 从句:We admire (him for ) what he has done. 我们对他所做的事很钦佩。但不说:We admire that he is brave. admissionEd5mIF(E)n n.1. U准许进入;准许加入:No admission. 禁止入内。/ Admission to this school is for boys only. 这所学校只接受男生入学。2.U入场费;会费:Admission to the concert is20. 这场音乐会入场费是20美元。admitEd5mIt v.承认;供认:Will you admit having broken the window? = Will you admit (that) you have broken the window? 你承不承认你打破了窗户?vt.1.准许(入场、入学、入会等):admit sb into the university 获准入大学 / Each ticket admits two people to the party. 每张票可供两个人入场参加聚会。2.容纳, 容许:The auditorium admits 5,000 persons. 这座礼堂可容纳五千人。admit defeat 承认失败【用法】1. 表示“承认”时,其后可接名词、动名词或从句,不接不定式:He admitted breaking the window. 他承认打破了窗子。/ He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。2. 表示“允许进入”、“使能进入”,可指进入某一具体场所也可指进入某一组织机构等:This ticket admits one person only. 此券只准一人入场。/ The university admits 2,000 students every year. 这所大学每年招收 2 000 名学生。adult5AdQlt adj.成年的;已成人的:an adult man (woman) 成年男子(女子) / adult (basic) education 成人(基础)教育 n. C成年人:These films are suitable for adults only. 这些电影只适宜成人观看。advanceEd5vB:ns v.1.推进,促进;前进:advance the growth of rice促进水稻生长 / Our troops have advanced two miles. 我们的部队已经前进了两英里。2.提高;提 升:As the wages advanced, so did the cost of living.随着工资的提高, 生活费用也提高了。3. 提前;提前支付:She had ten dollars advanced on her salary. 她预支10 美元薪水。n.1. (用单数)前进:the armys advance towards the border 军队向边境的推进 2. C,U进步,进展:advance of civilization 文明的进步 / recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展3. C预支;预付;借贷:make an advance to sb 贷款给某人 / pay an advance of 100 预付 100 英镑in advance 预先,事先【用法】1. 用作名词,表示“前进”时,多为不可数名词;表示“进展”、“进步”等义时,多为可数名词:The armys advance was very fast. 部队推进很快。/ China has made great advances in industry. 中国在工业方面进步很大。2. 用作动词,表示推进的方向,通常用介词 to, towards:They advanced to towards the castle. 他们向城堡推进。表示进攻的对象,通常用介词 on, upon:The soldiers advanced on upon the enemy. 士兵们向敌人进击。advantageEd5vB:ntIdV n.1. C优势;长处:He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。2. U利益;益处:It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 明智地投资对你很有利。take (full) advantage of (充分)利用 / to ones advantage 对有利adventureEd5ventFE(r) n.C,U冒险;奇遇:The two Frenchmen went through strange adventures in the African forests. 这两个法国人在非洲森林里经历了种种奇遇。advertise5AdvEtaIz v. 登广告,宣传,为做广告:advertise on TV 在电视上做广告 / We advertised through the press. 我们通过报刊宣传。advertisementEd5v:tIsmEnt n. C,U广告,宣传:the advertisement page 广告专页 / A lot of people replied to our advertisement. 有许多人对我们的广告作出了反应。adviceEd5vaIs n. U忠告,劝告,建议:If you take my advice youll see a doctor. 如果你听我的话,就去看病。【用法】1. 表示“建议,劝告,忠告”等时,是不可数名词,若表示一条或几条建议或劝告,要借用 piece 这样的词:a piece of advice 一条建议。2. 表示按照某人的意见做某事,一般要用介词 on 或 by:They did the work on by her advice. 他们按她的意见做此工作。3. 表示提出建议或忠告,一般用动词 give;表示向某人请教或征求意见,一般用动词 ask (for);表示接受意见或劝告,一般用动词take, follow, accept:She took the doctors advice and gave up smoking. 她听从医生的建议,戒了烟。4. 其后若出现 that 从句,通常用“should + 动词原形”这样的虚拟语气:The doctors advice is that he (should) give up smoking. 医生建议他戒烟。adviseEd5vaIz vt.忠告,劝告,建议:They strongly advised me not to do so. 他们竭力劝我不要这样做。【用法】1. 表示“建议”,通常为及物动词,其后接动词,通常应接动名词,而不能接不定式:I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。 注意:advise 之后不能直接跟不定式,但可接不定式的复合结构:They advised us not to travel on a Friday. 他们建议我们不要星期五去旅行。2. 其后若接 that 从句,通常要用虚拟语气(should + v):He advised that I (should) give her a telephone call. 他建议我给她打个电话。aeroplane5eErEplein n. C(英)飞机:by aeroplane 乘飞机;用飞机affairE5feE(r) n.1. C(常用单数)事,事情,事务:Its not my affair. 那不是我的事。2.C(常用复数) (个人)业务;(公共)事务:government affairs 政务 / They talked about business affairs. 他们谈论商务。state of affairs 事态,情况affectE5fekt vt.1.影响:The change in climate may affect your health. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康。2.(使)感动:He was deeply affected by my words. 他听了我的话很受感动。【辨析】affect, effect 与 influence:1. affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”,但前者是动词(及物),主要指一时的影响,着重影响的动作,可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏),也可指不良影响;后者是名词(可数或不可数),两者的关系大致为:affect = have an effect on:The bad news did not affect him at all.The bad news had no effect on him at all. 这条坏消息对他没有一点影响。2. influence 表示“影响”,主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数,但有时可连用不定冠词):Her style of painting has been influenced by Japanese art. 她的画风一直受到日本艺术的影响。/ Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。affordE5fC:d vt.1.承担得起(的费用等);抽得出时间:He can afford an apartment. 他能买得起一套住房。/ Id love to go on holiday but I cant afford the time. 我倒想去度假,可是抽不出时间来。2.提供;给予:It affords pleasure to me. 这使我很高兴。【用法】1. 常与 can, be able to 等连用,表示“担负得起”某事或某物的费用、损失、后果等,或“抽得出”时间等,后面通常可接名词、代词、不定式等(主要用于否定句或疑问句)。I cant afford (to buy) a new coat. 我没钱买件新外衣。2. 表示“提供”、“给予”,其后可以接双宾语(直接宾语通常为抽象概念),若双宾语交换位置,要用介词 to(此时无需连用 can, be able to):His visit affords us great pleasure. = His visit affords great pleasure to us. 他的来访给我们带来了很大的快乐。afraidE5freId adj.1.害怕的:Some small children are afraid of the dark. 有些小孩怕黑。2.担心的;担忧的:He was afraid that he would fail in the exam. 他担心考试会不及格。3.(表示抱歉)恐怕;我想:I am afraid I cant help you. 很抱歉,我恐怕帮不了你的忙。【用法】1. 是形容词,不是动词,所以不能单独用作谓语:Dont be afraid. 别怕。不能说:Dont afraid. 2. 是表语形容词,一般不能放在名词前作定语。但若是本身有修饰语,则也可以放在名词前作定语;有时构成短语可放在被修饰的名词后作后置定语:a girl afraid of dogs 怕狗的男孩。3. Im afraid 意为“恐怕”,主要用来委婉地提出异议或说出令人不快的事情等:Its too late, Im afraid. 恐怕太贵了。Im afraid 之后可接 so 或 not, 表示前面所提到的情况。表肯定时用 so;表否定时用 not:“Will she come tomorrow?” Im afraid so (not). “她明天会来吗?”“恐怕会(不会)吧。”注意上面的否定说法不能改为 Im not afraid (so)。4. 表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”,be afraid 之后可接不定式,也可接 of doing sth:Im afraid to jump of jumping . 我不敢跳。Africa5AfrIkE n.非洲African5AfrIkEn adj.非洲的,非洲人的n. C非洲人after5B:ftE(r) adv.以后,后来:They lived happily ever after. 他们后来一直生活得很幸福。prep.1. (指时间)在之后;后来:shortly after seven刚过七点钟 / the day after tomorrow 后天2.(表位置、顺序等)在之后:Z comes after Y. Z在Y之后。conj.在以后:The sun came out after the storm ceased. 在暴风雨停止后, 太阳出来了。after all 毕竟,终究 / after you (表示礼貌)您先请 / day after day (year after year) 日复一日(年复一年) / one after another 一个接一个【辨析】after 与 in:1. 均可与一段时间连用,表示“在之后”,但 after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此通常与过去时连用;而 in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子:After he (had) closed the door, he left the house. 关了门之后,他就离开了家。/ My father came back after three days. 3 天后我爸爸回来了。2. after 除与一段时间连用外,还可与时间点连用,此时可用于将来时(注:in 不能与时间点连用):He will arrive after five oclock. 他 5 点钟以后到。afternoonB:ftE5nu:n n. C,U下午,午后:in the afternoon 在下午 / He goes there two afternoons a week. 他每星期有两个下午到那里去。afterwards5B:ftEwEdz adv.后来,然后:Lets eat first and go to the theater afterwards. 咱们先去吃饭,然后再去看戏。againE5en adv.1.再一次;再,又:If you fail, try again. 如果你失败了,再试一次。2.此外,另一方面:She might go, and again she might not. 她可能去,也可能不去。 now and again有时,时而 / again and again 反复地,再三地 / then (there) again 但是,然而againstE5enst prep.1. 相反;逆着:against the wind 逆风 / Thats against the law. 那是违法的。2.反对:He declared himself dead against the proposal. 他声明他断然反对那项提议。3. 靠着,倚着:The old woman is leaning against the wall. 那个老妇人正倚着墙。4.与成对照:dark colors against a fair skin 深色衬托出白皙的肌肤5. 防备;防御:food stored against winter为过冬贮备的食物against the law (rules) 违反法律(规则) / against your will 违背自己的意愿,被强迫 / against sbs wishes (advice) 不理会某人的意愿(建议) 【提醒】是介词,不是动词,不要受汉语思维影响而将其误用作动词。ageeIdV n.1.C,U年龄;年纪:Children of all ages will enjoy this film. 不管多大年纪的孩子都会喜欢这部电影。2. U人生的阶段:middle age 中年 / full age 成年3. U年老:His face was wrinkled with age. 他的脸因苍老而起皱。4. C时代,年代:the computer age 电脑时代 / the Middle Ages 中世纪5. C(常用复数)长时间:I havent seen him for ages. 我有很长时间没有看见他了。at the age of 在岁的时候 / age group 同是某一年龄的人,年龄组 / under age 未到法定年龄 / come of age 成年aggression5EreF(E)n n.C,U侵略,挑衅:an act of open aggression 公然的侵略行动aggressive5EresIv adj.1.侵略的;好斗的:Some people get aggressive after drinking alcohol. 有些人喝了酒后会变得咄咄逼人。2.有进取心的:an aggressive young executive一个进取心很强的年轻管理人员agoE5EJ adv.以前:It was seven years ago that she went abroad. 她七年前出国了。【辨析】ago 与 before:1. 两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后),但 ago表示从现在向前回溯,即现在的过去,因此通常与一般过去时连用;而 before 则表示从过去向前回溯,即指过去的过去,因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中):I bought the computer five years ago. 我是五年前买这台电脑的。/ He said they had left seven days before. 他说他们 7 天前就离开了。2. before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间),泛指“以前”,此时可用于一般过去时,也可用于现在完成时:I have been to Beijing before. 我以前去过北京。agreeE5ri: v.1.同意;应允:I asked for a pay rise, and she agreed. 我请求加薪,她同意了。2.赞同:I dont agree with experiments on animals. 我不赞成用动物做实验。3. 一致,相符:Shanghai does not agree with me; I like Beijing better. 上海对我不适宜,我更喜欢北京。agreementE5ri:mEnt n.1. U同意,一致:She nodded her head in agreement. 她点头同意。/ The two things are in agreement. 这两件事是一致的。2.协议,合约:The agreement was written and signed. 协议已写好,也签了字。agriculturalArI5kQltFEr(E)l adj.农业的:agricultural products农作物,农产品 / agricultural development 农业的发展agriculture5ArI7kQltFE(r) n. U农业,农学:He is engaged in agriculture. 他从事农业。aheadE5hed adv.& adj.1.在前面,向前:Full speed ahead! 全速前进! 2.预先,事先:We must think ahead and make a plan. 我们要为未来着想,定一个计划。3.领先,占优势:She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先。ahead of 在之前;超过 / get ahead 胜过,超过 / streets ahead (of sb / sth) 远胜过(某人、某物)aideId n.1. U援助;救护:legal aid 法律援助
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