《英语情态动词》PPT课件.ppt

情态动词与高考(复习课),一、情态动词的基本特征:情态动词本身有词义，表示说话的语气或情态，但不能单独在句中作谓语，只能同动词原形一道构成句子谓语，它们没有人称和数的变化，大多用于所有人称。,二、常见的情态动词：can/could,beableto,may/might,must,haveto,need,dare/dared,should,oughtto,shall,will/would,三、情态动词考点分布情况：,、常见情态动词的基本用法：can/could：“能、会”“可以”（用于现在、过去和将来三种时态）cant/couldnt：“不能、不可以”beableto：“能、会”（用于多种时态）may/might：“可以（=can/could）”must：“必须、一定”（表主观看法，）haveto：“必须、不得不”（表客观需要，有人称、数、时态的变化）mustnt：“一定不、千万不”表禁止之意neednt=donthaveto：“不必”,1.Acomputer_thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.(91)A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot2.-Willyoustayforlunch?(99)-Sorry,_.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont3.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?-Yes,ofcourseyou_.(92)A.mightB.willC.canD.should4.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,you_hurtyourself.(96)A.wont;cantB.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;mustD.cant;shouldnt,5.How_yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may(2001上海)6.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will（2003）7.IdontmindtellingyouwhatIknow.(2004江苏)-You_.Imnotaskingyouforit.A.mustntB.maynotC.cantD.neednt8.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry_beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.（2004上海）A.mustB.mayC.canD.need,9.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout.(97)A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto,注意：could：表过去的能力作“能、会”讲时，可与was/wereableto互换，但在表示过去经过努力才完成的事情时（即：managedtodosth.），只用was/wereableto，不可用could；,2、shall：用作情态动词：A、用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或向对方提出建议；-ShallTom/Isweepthefloortoday?-Ok./Thatsagoodidea.B、用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的“命令”“禁止”“警告”“许诺”“威胁”等。如：YoushalldoasIsay.（=must表命令）Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.（表警告）Tellhimthatheshallgetthebooktomorrow.(许诺）,10.Theroomissodirty._wecleanit?-Ofcourse.(2003北京春)A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do,3.should的用法.should=oughtto：应当、应该（表义务、责任）Youshouldntbesocareless.你不应当这样粗心大意。.should：“竟然”表惊奇、遗憾等Itisastonishingthatweshouldfindviolencehere.我们这儿竟然有有暴力行为，真令人震惊。.should：可能、该（表可能性、推测或推论）TheyshouldhavearrivedinBeijingbythistime.他们这时候应该已到北京了。Thereportiswrittenaftercarefulinvestigation,soitisshouldbereliable,11.Imsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)_trick.（2001春）A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simple12.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment.(95)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can13.-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.(98)-They_bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need14.I_payTracyavisit,butImnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.（2004浙江）A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could,.should：“应该”（表虚拟）句型一：insist等+that-clause（“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”）能用此句型的动词有：二命令：order,command三建议：suggest,advise,propose四要求：require,request,demand,desire但是：insist（坚持说/坚持认为），suggest（暗示/表明）后的宾语从句用陈述语气。TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.Thedarkcloudssuggestthatitisgoingtorainsoon.,.can/could,may/might和must表推测：,1、must：“一定是、准是”只用于肯定，其结构如下：must+动词原形：对现在情况的推测；must+bedoing：对现在情况的推测；must+havedone：对过去情况的推测；2、can/could：用于否定和疑问，cant/couldnt+动词原形：“不可能”cant/couldnt+bedoing：“不可能在做”cant/couldnt+havedone：“不可能已经”3、may/might：“也许、可能”用于肯定、否定，may/might+动词原形：may/might+havedone：may/mightnot+动词原形：may/mightnot+havedone：,15.Peter_comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet.(93)A.mustB.mayC.canD.will16.-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?(2000)-Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might17.Ididnthearthephone.I_asleep.(89)A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen18.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.(95)-It_acomfortablejourney.A.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen19.-Doyouthinkourbasketballersplayedverywellyesterday?-_.（2001上海）A.TheywerenotnervousatallB.TheywerestillyoungC.TheyplayednaturallyD.Theycouldnthavedonebetter,20.IsJohncomingbytrain?（2002）-Heshould,buthe_not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may21.Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughter_goanddotheopposite!(2003春)A.mayB.canC.mustD.should22.Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.-It_truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.mustC.couldD.would(2002北京)23.You_betired;youveonlybeenworkingforanhour.(2004)A.mustnotB.wontC.cantD.maynot24.Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?-Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit_be.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can(2004湖北)25.IsntthatAnnshusbandoverthere?(2004安徽)-No,it_behim.Imsurehedoesntwearglasses.A.cantB.mustnotC.wontD.maynot,注意：must/can/may表推测时，其反意疑问句的构成如下：Hemustbeintheclassroom,isnthe?Hemusthaveseenthefilm,hasnthe?Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastmonth,didnthe?,、情态动词表虚拟时的结构情态动词后接完成体的四个句型：、could/mighthavedone：“本来可以”、should/oughttohavedone：“本应该”、shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone：“本不该”、neednthavedone：“本不必”注意：以上四个结构都指过去的情况,表并未如此,在客观陈述事实时要用一般过去时.,26.SorryImlate.I_haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will（2000春）27.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.(98)-Oh,didyou?You_withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed28.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_forher.(94)A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout29.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_homewithoutaword.A.mustntleaveB.shouldnthaveleft(2001)C.couldnthaveleftD.needntleave30.Tomoughtnotto_meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold(93),2.含if条件句的复合句中：句型一：If（过去式/were），主句(should/would/could/might+动原)“愿意、会/能/也许”句型二：If（haddone），主句(should/would/could/might+havedone)“愿意、会/能/也许”,31.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.(89)A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented32.-Ifhe_,he_thatfood.(93)-Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken,33.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(94)A.hascomeD.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome34.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.(96)A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot35.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_quitedifferenttoday.(91)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare,情态动词(+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;,3.常以neednt和darent的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing,注意对need问句的回答:-NeedIfinishtheworktoday?-Yes,_.No,_.No,_.,youmust,youneednt,youdonthaveto,neednt对其它情态动词的回答:-ShallItellJohnaboutit?-No,you_.-Mustwedoitnow?-No,you_.,neednt(donthaveto),neednt(donthaveto),表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must,对将来对现在对过去,情态动词,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.+V.+havedone常见mustbe+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用not表示“可能不”,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,