贵阳专版2017中考英语命题研究第二部分语法专题突破篇专题十二句子种类精讲试题

专题十二句子种类基本句型、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句与倒装句贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求句子种类：1.陈述句2.疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句)3.祈使句4.感叹句基本句型：1.主语系动词表语2.主语不及物动词3.主语及物动词宾语4.主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语5.主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语6.there be句型考查点年份题号考查角度分值倒装句201637So_am_I/ So do I/So will I1分how词组201547How often(情景交际)1分201446How long(情景交际)1分感叹句201544What a/anadj.n.1分201235Howadj.主语谓语1分疑问词201663how/why/what1分201343疑问词辨析1分简单句是贵阳中考单项选择的必考点。感叹句是轮考点，语句设置均为2个单句，词数为711。另外，连词成句题也会涉及感叹句的考查，且单项选择和连词成句中不会同时出现对感叹句的考查。在连词成句中，感叹句一般都会和祈使句轮流考查，不会同时出现。how词组在单项选择中是偶考点，贵阳5年单项选择中没考过。设题形式均为对话，词数为1011。预测2017年贵阳中考情景交际考查how词组的可能性最大。单项选择中仍会考查倒装句。贵阳中考重难点突破句子基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语(主语补足语)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语种类按使用目的分陈述句疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句祈使句感叹句按句子类别分：简单句、并列句、复合句基本句型【满分点拨】贵阳中考对五大基本句型结构的考查主要体现在连词成句题型中。所以学生对这五大基本句型要熟练掌握并运用。句型结构例句主语系动词表语The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。The hat looks nice on you！你戴这顶帽子真好看！续表句型结构例句主语不及物动词He swims in the river every summer.他每年夏天都在这条河里游泳。主语及物动词宾语Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语She showed her friends all her pictures.她向她的朋友们展示她的照片。主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语We keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们保持教室干净整洁。【考点抢测】1good，the，sounds，advice_The_advice_sounds_good_.2a，cold，he，had，yesterday_He_had_a_cold_yesterday或Yesterday_he_had_a_cold_.3use，how，him，to，I，taught，computers_I_taught_him_how_to_use_computers_.4pens，those，she，pass，black，please_Pass_her_those_black_pens，please或Please_pass_her_those_black_pens_.5he，days，three，leave，here，in_He_will_leave_here_in_three_days或He_is_leaving_here_in_three_days_.疑问句【满分点拨】1疑问句的分类贵阳近5年中考对疑问句的考查主要为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句，且对疑问句的考查方式侧重于情景交际和听力部分。单项选择中对特殊疑问句的考查主要为疑问词辨析。2一般疑问句的用法分类概念形式一般疑问句用yes，no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句Be主语其他？情态动词主语动词原形其他？助动词主语动词原形/过去分词其他？如：Is she from England？她来自英格兰吗？Yes，she is.是的，她是。Must I finish the report today？我必须今天完成报告吗？Yes，you must.是的，你必须。Did she like to dance when she was young？她小时候喜欢跳舞吗？Have you been to Tibet？你去过西藏吗？3特殊疑问句的用法分类概念形式特殊疑问句以疑问词开头的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句who询问身份which询问特定的人或物what询问职业或身份when询问时间where询问地点、位置why询问原因how询问方式如：Who is the girl over there？那边的女孩是谁？Which color would you prefer，red or yellow？你更喜欢哪种颜色，红色还是黄色？What are you going to be when you grow up？你长大了将从事什么工作？When did you go to Shanghai last time？你上次去上海是什么时候？Where can I get the ticket for the show？我在哪儿可以买到这场表演的票？Why are you late for the meeting？你为什么开会迟到了？How do you get to school every day？你每天怎样去上学？中考常考查的how疑问词组用法辨析疑问词含义用法how many多少提问数量，后跟可数名词复数how much多少提问数量，后跟不可数名词；提问价格，动词随主语而变how often多久一次提问频率续表疑问词含义用法how long多长提问持续的时间，答语用“for一段时间”或“since过去时间点”how soon多久提问将来时间，答语用“in一段时间”how far多远提问距离how old多大提问年龄注意：反意疑问句和选择疑问句也是疑问句的两大类，因贵阳中考不涉及此考点，所以不作讲解。【考点抢测】1does，a，have，he，sister_Does_he_have_a_sister_?2like，us，would，tomorrow，to，you，join_Would_you_like_to_join_us_tomorrow_?3happened，what，you，to_What_happened_to_you_?4do，for，school，what，did，your，you_What_did_you_do_for_your_school_?(C)5._ do you go to the cinema?Once a month.AHow longBHow farCHow often(B)6._ have you been in the sports club?Since the first month I came to the school.AHow old BHow longCHow much(A)7._ is this pen?Its three dollars.AHow much BHow oftenCHow old(A)8._ do you prefer to use to keep in touch with your friends，QQ or MSN?AWhich BHowCWhere(C)9._ can you finish this English examination?In about one and a half hours.AHow far BHow oftenCHow soon感叹句【满分点拨】引导词结构例句如何判定whathowWhata/an形容词单数可数名词主语谓语！What a beautiful present it is！多么漂亮的一件礼物啊！What形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！What interesting books they are！多有趣的书啊！What nice music it is！很美妙的音乐！How形容词/副词主语谓语！How fine the weather is！天气真好！How形容词a/an单数可数名词！How beautiful a present！很漂亮的礼物！由a，an开头的多用what；形容词直接加名词的，多用how感叹句用法口诀感叹句，表情感，how，what放句前。名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连。为了句子更简洁，主谓部分也可略。【考点抢测】1a，we，yesterday，had，time，what，wonderful_What_a_wonderful_time_we_had_yesterday_！2today，how，weather，is，the，fine_How_fine_the_weather_is_today_!(C)3._ wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!AHowBWhatCWhat a(A)4.Wow！_ beautiful Chengde is!AHow BWhat CWhat a(B)5._ nice the icecream looks！I cant wait to taste it.AHow a BHow CWhat a(B)6._ good advice the teacher gave me!AHow BWhat CWhat a祈使句与倒装句【满分点拨】祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1祈使句祈使句句式肯定形式否定形式(Please)动词原形其他Please listen to me carefully.请认真听我讲。Please dont read in the sun.不要在太阳下读书。Put away your things.把你的东西收起来。Dont open the window.不要打开窗子。Let宾语动词原形其他Lets have another try.让我们再试试。Dont let him go there alone.不要让他独自去那儿。No名词/动名词NO PHOTOS！禁止照相！NO PARKING！禁止停车！注意：(1)应答祈使句时要用将来时。如：Please remember to take the dog out for a walk every day.请记住每天带着狗出去散步。Yes，I will.是的，我会的。(2)掌握“祈使句and/or结果状语”结构。如：Work harder，and youll get good grades.更加努力，你就会取得好成绩。2倒装句so引导的倒装句(1)完全倒装：so助动词/系动词/情态动词主语。该倒装句的意思是“某某也一样”，上下句中是不同的两个人或物，但发生同样的行为或状况，是表示肯定的倒装。如：Li Hua failed in this English exam，so did I李华英语考试不及格，我也没及格。(2)易混句式：so主语助动词/系动词/情态动词，意为“确实是”。该句式表示的是对前面所说的事实加以肯定，上下句中是相同的人或物。如：Lucy dances very well.露西舞跳得很好。So she does.的确如此。neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语。该倒装句的意思是“某某也不”，上下句中是不同的两个人或物，他们的行为或状况一样，是表示否定的倒装。如：He wasnt late for school，neither/nor was I他上学没迟到，我也没有。注意：(1)和(2)两种倒装句结构中的助动词、系动词或情态动词在形式上与前面的谓语动词保持一致，但由它们的主语决定单复数形式。以here，there，out，in，down，up，away，now，then等副词开头也构成倒装句，用两种形式：(1)副词动词名词(完全倒装)(2)副词代词动词(部分倒装)注意：谓语动词由它们后面的名词或代词决定单复数形式。如：Here are some books.有一些书。Here you are.给你。【考点抢测】1those，books，please，me，pass_Please_pass_me_those_books/Pass_me_those_books，please_.2fridge，these，into，please，the，tomatoes，put_Put_these_tomatoes_into_the_fridge，please/Please_put_these_tomatoes_into_the_fridge_.3mistake，same，make，again，the，dont_Dont_make_the_same_mistake_again_.(A)4.Boys and girls，_ in the river.Its not safe.Adont swimBto swimCswim(C)5._ harder，and youll make your dream come true one day.AStudying BTo studyCStudy(C)6.Not only _ reading interesting novels but also she can even write some.Alikes she Bshe likesCdoes she like8