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专题八动词和动词短语,2019全新版,分析广东近6年中考真题可知，动词和动词短语是每年广东中考的必考点。其中单项填空主要涉及情态动词(6年6考)和动词短语(6年5考)；动词和动词短语是完形填空的必考点，每年均考查3题及以上，是完形填空中所占分值比重最大的考点；系动词主要和主谓一致结合在一起考查；2018年短文填空中考查了助动词。其命题规律为：,必考点：实义动词(6年6考，题型；完形填空、短文填空；主要考查实义动词辨析和盲填。)情态动词(6年6考；题型：单项填空；主要考查情态动词的基本用法。)动词短语(6年6考；题型：单项填空、完形填空、短文填空；主要考查动词短语的辨析和盲填。)冷考点：系动词(6年2考；题型：单项填空；主要考查主谓一致。)助动词(6年1考；题型：短文填空；考查了被动语态。),考点精讲,易错盘点,试题精练,1.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词是独立作谓语的动词，根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。,考点精讲,考点动词的基本用法【该考点虽不会直接出题，但也要了解，对掌握其他考点有帮助。】,(1)及物动词一般都带有宾语，可以用于被动语态。主要用于以下三种结构：动词+宾语：Ilovemycountry.我爱我的祖国。动词+宾语+宾补：Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.他们让我和他们一起去钓鱼。动词+间接宾语+直接宾语：Jimlentmehisdictionary.吉姆把他的字典借给了我。,(2)不及物动词不能接宾语，也不能用于被动词语态。如go,run,e,happen,swim等。如果要接宾语，则需在动词和宾语之间加上介词；有些不及物动词与其他词搭配可构成动词短语，相当于一个及物动词。如：,3.动词的现在分词形式在现在进行时和过去进行时中，动词原形要变为现在分词形式。现在分词一般在动词后加-ing。详细规则如下：,4.动词的过去式和过去分词形式在一般过去时和完成时中，动词原形要变为过去式和过去分词。过去式和过去分词一般是在动词原形末尾加-ed。详细规则如下：,注意(1)prefer的过去式和过去分词要先双写末尾的辅音字母r，再加ed，即：preferpreferredpreferred。(2)动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式，没有具体的变化规律，需单独记忆，详见早读材料。,1.情态动词的特征(1)情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。(2)情态动词没有人称和数的变化(haveto除外)，其后接动词原形。,考点情态动词(6年6考),2.情态动词的基本用法,易错提醒(1)由may引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用may；否定回答用cant/mustnt。(2)will/would也可作情态动词，表示请求、推测、习惯、倾向等意义。表示请求时，would比will语气更委婉。如：Wouldyouliketogowithme?你想和我一起去吗？ItwillbeMr.Wangknockingatthedoor.敲门的应该是王先生吧。,3.情态动词表推测的用法,如：YoureTomsgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.你是汤姆的好朋友，因此你一定知道他最喜欢什么。Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?这周末你打算做什么？Imnotsure.Imay/might/couldgotovisitmygrandpa.我不确定。我可能去看望我爷爷。Jimcantbeintheroom.HehasgonetoShenzhen.吉姆不可能在房间。他去深圳了。,注意这几个词按照推测的可能性大小依次为：mustcouldmaymightcant,()1.(2018广东)YuanLongping,afamousChinesescientist,isnowdoingresearchonsearice.Iffarmers_startplantingriceinsaltywater,Chinasfoodsupplywillsurelyrise.AcanBcantCmustDmustnt,A,()2.(2017广东)Tokeepchildrensafe,we_putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse.AmayBshouldCcanDmight()3.(2016广东)Mom,_IvisittheartmuseumnextMonday?Imafraidyoucant.AllmuseumsinthecityareclosedonMonday.AwouldBneedCshouldDmay,BD,()4.(2015广东)Look!Thetrafficlighthasturnedred.We_stopourcar.AcanBcantCmustDmustnt()5.(2014广东)_youewithmetoLangLangspianoconcertthisevening?Idloveto,butIhavetostudyformymathtest.AShouldBMayCMustDCan,CD,()6.(2013广东)Someoneisknockingatthedoor.IsitAnn?It_beher.Sheisgivingaperformanceatthetheatrenow.AmayBmustCcantDmustnt()7.(2018汕头市龙湖区模拟)Lisa,_youspeakFrench?Yes,butonlyalittle.AneedBmustCmayDcan,CD,()8.(2018佛山市狮山镇适应性检测)Hello,_ItalktoDoctorNeil?Ihaveanappointmentwithhimthisafternoon.Sure,hangonasecond.Heising.AmayBshouldCmustDmight()9.(2018惠州市惠城区一模)MayIgoacrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred?No,you_.AshouldntBmaynotCmustntDneednt,AC,()10.(2018阳江市江城区一模)Mustweweartheschooluniformtomorrow,Mr.Wang?No,you_.OnlyonMondays.TomorrowisTuesday.AshouldntBneedntCcantDmustnt()11.(2018中山市卓雅外国语学校二模)Thefoodinthisrestaurant_bebad.Fewpeopleetohavedinnerhere.AmustBmayCcantDmustnt,BA,()12.(2018湛江二中模拟)Whoseisthisgreencoat?Imquitesureit_beHenrys.Inoticedhimwearingaredonethismorning.AmayBmustCmustntDcant,D,动词短语是广东中考必考点之一，其命题点主要有：不同动词+同一介词/副词，同一动词+不同介词/副词，不同动词+不同介词/副词等。,考点动词短语(6年6考),1.不同动词+同一介词/副词with短语agreewith同意catchupwith赶上eupwith提出；想出connectwith与相连dealwith解决；处理fill.with.用填满getonwith与相处helpsb.withsth.帮助某人某事provide.with.提供talkwith/to与谈话,on短语carryon继续下去；继续开展eon来吧；赶快；加油dependon/upon依靠；信赖goon继续hangon等一等(别挂电话)keepon继续(进行)liveon以为食；靠为生puton穿上；上演；增加(体重)spend.on在花钱tryon试穿turnon打开workon努力改善(或完成),off短语getoff下车keepoff使不接近payoff偿清(欠款等)putoff推迟ringoff挂断电话setoff动身；启程takeoff起飞；脱下turnoff关掉away短语getaway逃离；摆脱giveaway赠送；捐赠goaway走开；离去putaway将收起；把放回原处runaway逃跑；跑掉throwaway扔掉takeaway带走；拿走,up短语bringup养育；培养callup打电话；号召cheerup振作起来getup起床growup长大hangup挂断电话hurryup赶快；快点儿keepup持续不变；跟上lookup查找；抬头看makeup组成；编造pickup捡起；接送putup举起；张贴ringup给打电话setup开办；创建speedup加快速度stayup熬夜takeup开始从事；占用wakeup醒来,2.同一动词不同介词/副词go短语goinfor参加；喜欢goaway走开；离开goby走过，经过；(时间)流逝goout出去；熄灭goover仔细检查gothrough仔细察看；通过；经历turn短语turnaround转身；掉头turnback原路返回，往回走turnin上交turnout结果是turnoff关掉turnup开大(音量)turndown关小(音量)；拒绝,give短语giveback归还giveout分发；放出(气味、光、热等)giveup放弃look短语lookafter照顾lookat看lookaround环顾四周lookdownupon/on轻视；看不起lookfor寻找lookforwardto期盼；盼望looklike看起来像lookout留意；小心lookover检查lookupto钦佩；仰慕lookthrough浏览(注：更多短语见早读材料),()13.(2017广东)Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutspace,please_thebookABriefHistoryoftime.AlookthroughBlookaroundClookafterDlookdownupon()14.(2016广东)MartinandSusan_forShanghaitoattendaninternationalmeetingyesterday.AputoffBfelloffCsetoffDkeptoff,AC,()15.(2015广东)Mum,shallwegotothebeachtomorrow？It_theweather.AcarriesonBlivesonCdependsonDholdson()16.(2014广东)IwillmissmyfamilywhenIgoabroadforfurtherstudythisautumn.Dontworry.Youcan_thembye-mail.AeupwithBgetalongwithCmakefriendswithDkeepintouchwith,CD,()17.(2013广东)Againandagainthedoctor_thecryingbabygirl,buthecouldntfindoutwhatwaswrongwithher.AlookedoverBlookedafterClookedforDlookedout()18.(2018惠州市惠阳区模拟)UNICEFwas_inEuropein1946.AsetupBputupCtakenupDheldup,AA,()19.(2018东莞市六校联考二模)Wow,whydoesJohnsongetsoheavy?Heatefivemealseverydayanddidntplaysportsforamonth.Sohehas_fifteenpounds.AputoutBputoffCputonDputup()20.(2018阳江市江城区模拟)Makeacalltousassoonasyouknowtheresultofthespeechpetition.Weare_yourgoodnews.AtakingpartinBtakingprideinClookinguptoDlookingforwardto,CD,()21.Almosteveryuniversitynowhasawebsitewhichallowsusto_theinformationaboutit.AlookatBlookafterClookupDlookout()22.Janeisverybusythesedays,forshehasalotofproblemsto_.AdealwithBkeepupwithCagreewithDeupwith,CA,1.accept,receive：accept“接受”，指由主观意志来决定接受；receive“接到；收到”，指收到某物这一动作，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。如：Ireceivedagiftyesterday,butIdidntacceptit.昨天我收到了一件礼物，但是我没有接受。,考点动词词义辨析(6年6考),2.bring,take,carry：bring“拿来，带来”；take“拿走，带走”；carry“搬运，提，拿”。如：Bringmesomewater,please.请给我取点水来。Takemyboxtomyroom.把我的箱子拿到我的房间去。Hewascarryingasuitcase.他正提着手提箱。,3.say,speak,talk,tell:say表示“说话”，强调说话的内容；speak表示“说话”，强调说话方式和能力或说某种语言；talk“谈话”；tell“告诉，讲述”。如：WhatdidTomsay?汤姆说了什么？Oh,Idontknow.IwastalkingwithBetty.MaybeyoucanaskJerryandhewilltellyou.哦，我不知道。我一直在和贝蒂说话。也许你可以问杰里，他会告诉你。Hecanspeakseverallanguages.他能说几国语言。,4.spend,pay,take,cost:都可以表示“花费”。spend主语是人，常用于sb.spendsometime/moneyonsth.和sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.；pay主语是人，常用于sb.paysomemoneyforsth.；take常用于Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.；cost主语是物，常用于sth.costsb.somemoney/time。如：Yourcoatisnice.Howmuchdiditcostyou?你的外套不错。它花了你多少钱？Oh,Ispent100yuanonit.哦，我花了100元。Ipaid100yuanforthecoat.Ittakesme100yuantobuythecoat.我花了100元买这件外套。,5.rise,raise：rise“(某物)升起，上升”，主要指事物自身移动到较高位置，常用于日、月、烟、雾、温度、物价等；raise“筹集；举起；饲养”，常指人或其他力量把东西提(抬、举)到高处。如：Whenhewokeup,thesunwasrising.当他醒来时，太阳正在升起。Pleaseraiseyourhandifyouknowtheanswer.如果你知道答案，请举手。,6.provide,offer,give,supply：provide“提供，供应”，常用于providesth.forsb./providesb.withsth.;offer“主动提出，自愿给予”，常用于offersb.sth./offersth.tosb.；give“提供，给”，常用于givesb.sth./givesth.tosb.;supply“供给；补充”，常用于supplysb.withsth./supplysth.tosb.。如：Theschoolprovidesuswithacleanandfortableenvironment.学校给我们提供一个干净、舒适的环境。,Thegirlofferedherseattoanoldman.这个女孩儿主动把她的座位让给了一位老人。Givethenotebooktome,Jack!杰克，把笔记本给我！Cowssupplyuswithmilk.奶牛供给我们牛奶。7.win,beat:win“赢；获胜”，后接事物(match,game等)；beat“打败；战胜”，后接人或队伍。如：ClassTwowonthegame.二班赢得了比赛。JimbeatTomandbecamethewinner.吉姆战胜了汤姆，成为了获胜者。,8.borrow,lend,keep：borrow“借入”；lend“借出”；keep“借(多久)”。borrow和lend为短暂性动词，keep为延续性动词。如：Canyoulendthebooktome？你可以把这本书借给我吗？Iborroweditfromthelibraryandhavekeptitfortwoweeks.Imustreturnit.我从图书馆借的，并且已经借了两周了。我得还回去了。,()23.(2018珠海市一模)HowlongmayI_thebook？Foraweek.AkeepBborrowCtakeDwant()24.(2018汕头市濠江区模拟)Dont_meagain,orIwillnevertrustyou.IpromisewhatIsaidistrue.AfitBrefuseCprotectDcheat,AD,()25.(2018汕头市濠江区模拟)IenjoychattingwithyouonWeChat,butIamafraidthatIcant_toomuchtimedoingthat.AtakeBspendCcostDpay()26.MissWang,ImsorryIamlatebecauseI_tocatchtheearlybus.Itdoesntmatter.Youdbetteretoschoolearliernexttime.AneededBfailedCmanagedDtried,BB,动词盲填是广东中考短文填空的必考点之一。动词原形、第三人称单数(见考点2)、过去式、过去分词(见考点4)和现在分词(见考点3)均有考查。同学们在解题时可按照以下步骤进行：,考点动词盲填(6年6考),系动词本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，需和表语构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份，且没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。常见词有：一是(be)一感(feel)一保持(keep)，起来四个(look/sound/taste/smell)好像(seem)变了仨(get/turn/bee)。如：Themountainlookssobeautiful!这座山看起来很漂亮！Sheseemsveryangry.她似乎很生气。,考点系动词(6年2考),()27.Yourscarf_sosmooth.Wheredidyoubuyit?AfeelsBlooksCtastesDsounds()28.Therearesomanydarkcloudsinthesky.It_thatatyphoonising.AfeelsBturnsCseemsDsounds,AC,助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，须和其他动词连用，帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常见助动词有：be(am/is/are),have(has/had),do(does/did),will(would),shall等。如：Tomisreadingabookunderthetree.汤姆正在树下看书。WhatdidyoudolastSunday?上周日你干了什么？,考点助动词(6年1考),注意表推测的情态动词must,may,might,cant等词的用法及区别。()29.Lucyhasbeenabsentforoneweek.Whatsthematterwithher?She_beill.LetsgoandaskMr.Liu.AcanBmayCmustDshall,易错盘点,易错点情态动词表推测混用,B,()30.Thegirlrunningoverthere_beSunny.Herleftlegwashurtinanaccidentyesterday.AmustBcanCmustntDcant,D,谢谢观看,Exit,
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