初中英语复习材料.doc

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材料一A、单词、词组(一)1. my 我的pron. 2. name 名字n.3. is 是v. 4. clock 时钟n.5. I我pron. 6. am是v.7. Im =I am 我是 8. nice 好的;令人愉快的adj.9. to用于与动词原形一起构成动词不定式 prep.10. meet 遇见;相逢v. 11. you 你;你们pron.12. what 什么 pron.& adj. 13. whats =what is 14. your 你的;你们的pron. 15. hello(表示问候)喂int.16. hi(表示问候)嗨int. 17. his 他的pron.18. and和;又;而且conj. 19. her 她的pron.20. question 问题;难题;询问;疑问n. 21. answer 问答;答复;答案n.22. look 看;望;看起来v. 23. first 第一num.24. first name名字 25. last 最后的;上一个的adj.26. last name姓氏 27. boy男孩n. 28. girl 女孩n.29. zero零 one一 two二 three 三 four四 five五 six 六 seven七 eight八 nine九 ten 十30. telephone电话n. 31. number数;数字n.32. telephone number 电话号码 33. phone电话;电话机n.34. phone number电话号码 35. it它pron. -its=it is36. card卡;卡片n 37. ID card (ID=identification) 身份证 38. family家;家庭n. 39. family name 姓氏单词、词组(二)1. this这;这个pron.& adj. 2. pencil 铅笔n.3. pen 钢笔n. 4. book书n.5. eraser橡皮;铅笔擦;黑板擦n. 6. ruler尺;直尺n.7. case箱;盒;橱n. 8. pencil case铅笔盒;文具盒 9. backpack 双肩背包n. 10. pencil sharpener 卷笔刀;铅笔刀 11. dictionary 字典;词典n. 12. that 那;那个pron.& adj.13. yes(表示肯定)是adv. 14. no(表示否定)不;不是adv. 15. not(构成否定形式)不是adv. 16. isnt =is not17. thank 感谢v. 18. OK 好;不错 interj19. in用(表示方法,媒介,工具等)prep. 20. English英语;英文n.21. a一个(只,把,台)art. 22. how (指程度)多么;何等;怎样adv. 23. do做;干;构成否定句、疑问句的助动词v.& aux.24. spell拼写v. 25. baseball 棒球n.26. watch手表n. 27. computer 电脑;电子计算机n.28. game运动;游戏n. 29. key 钥匙n.30. notebook 笔记本n. 31. ring环(状物);戒指n.32. call打电话 v. 33. at在(里面或附近);在(点、刻);以 prep.34. the表示特指的人、物、事或群体art. 35. lost丢失的;遗失的adj.36. found (find的过去式,过去分词)找回 v. 37. lost and found失物招领 38. please(祈使句用作请求的客套话)请interj 39. school学校 n.40. a set 一套;一副 41. of (属于)的42. excuse 原谅;宽恕 v. 43. excuse me请原谅单词、词组(三)1. sister姐;妹n. 2. mother 妈妈;母亲n.3. father爸爸;父亲 n. 4. parent父亲或母亲n.5. brother兄;弟n. 6. grandmother祖母;外祖母n.7. grandfather祖父;外祖父n. 8. friend朋友n.9. grandparent祖父/母;外祖父/母n. 10. these这些 pron.& adj.11. are是v. 12. those那些pron.& adj.13. she 她pron. 14. he 他pron.15. hes =he is 16. son 儿子 n.17. cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹n. 18. daughter女儿 n.19. uncle叔;伯;舅;姨夫;姑父 n.20. aunt姨母;姑母;伯母;婶母 n.21. dear(冠于信函中的称谓,以示礼貌)亲爱的adj.22. thanks for 为而感谢 23. photo 照片;相片n.24. here这里;在这里adv. 25. picture照片;图片 n.26. for(表示原因或目的)为了 prep.B、重点句型1. Good morning/afternoon /evening, Bob! 早上/下午/晚上好,Bob!2. Good morning to you. 祝你早上好。3.-How are you? 你好吗?Im fine, thanks. How are you? 我很好,谢谢。你好吗?-Im OK.我还好。4. -Whats this in English? 用英语表达这是什么?Its an orange.它是一只桔子。Spell it, please. 请拼写它。O-R-A-N-G.-Thank you.谢谢。Thank you very much/a lot. -You are welcome. =Thats all right.=Thats OK.不用谢。5.-What color is it? 它是什么颜色? Its red.红色。6.The key is yellow.钥匙是黄色 的。=Its a yellow key.它是黄色的钥匙。7.Nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。-Nice to meet you, too. /Me, too. 也很高兴见到你。8. How do you do? 你好!-How do you do?你好!One1. -Whats your name? 你的名字是什么?2.My name is Gina. 我的名字是吉娜。=Im Gina.我是吉娜。3. Whats his name? -His names Tommy.4. Whats her name?Her name is Jenny.5. Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。 Nice to meet you, too. 也很高兴认识你。6.Whats her phone number? 她的电话号码是多少?7.Her telephone number is 535-2375. 她的电话号码是535-2375.8.Whats his family/last name? 他的姓是什么? His family/last name is Brown.他的姓是布朗。9.Whats her first name?她 的名字是什么Her first name is Linda.她的名字是琳达。Two1. Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗?Yes, it is.是,它是。2. Is that your dictionary? 那是你的词典吗?-No, it isnt.不,它不是。3. How do you spell eraser? 你怎样拼写eraser?4. Can you spell eraser? 你能拼写eraser吗?5.in the lost and found case 在失物招领箱里 6.call Alan at 495-3539 给艾伦打电话495-35397.school ID card 校牌 8.a set of keys 一串钥匙Three1. Is this your daughter? 这是你的女儿吗?Yes, it is. 是,它是。No, it isnt 不,它不是。2. Those are my two brothers. 那些是我的两个兄弟。3. Is she your aunt? 她是你的姨母吗?Yes she is. 是,她是。No,she isnt. 不,她不是。4.family tree 家谱 5.Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的全家照。6. Here is my family photo. 这儿是我的全家福。 7. This is my mother. 这是我母亲。8.a photo of your family=your family photo你的全家福C、语法一动词be(is,am,are)的用法 (一)、请记住以下口诀我( I )用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。(二)Be动词在一般过去时中的变化 1、am和is 在一般过去时中变为was.(was not=wasnt) 2、are在一般过去时中变为were.(were not=weres) 3、带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和am,is,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句was或were调到句首。(三)专项训练A、用am,is,are填空1、I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I_ not.2、The girl _ Jacks sister.3、The dog _ tall and fat.4、The man with big eyes_ a teacher.5、_ your brother in the classroom?6、Where_ your mother? She _ at home.7、How _ your father.8、Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.9、Whose dress _ this?10、Whose socks _ they?11、That _ my red skirt.12、Who _ I?13、The jeans _ on the desk.14、Here_ a scarf for you.15、Here _ some sweaters for you.16、The two cups of milk _ for you.17、Some tea _ in the glass.18、Gao shans shirt _ over there.19、My sisters name _ Nancy.20、This _ not Wang Fangs pencil.21、_ David and Helen from England?22、There _a girl in the room.23、There_ some apples on the tree.24、_ there any kites in the classroom.25、_ there any apple juice in the bottle?26、There _ some bread on the plate.27、There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.28、You, he and I _ from China.B、用be 动词的适当形式填空1、I _ at school just now(刚才)2、He _ at the hotel last week.3、We _ students two years ago.4、They _ on the farm a moment ago(刚才).5、Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6、There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7、There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8、The phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.9、I _ an English teacher now.10、She _ happy yesterday.11、They _ glad to see each other last month.12、Helen and Nancy _ good friends.13、The little dog_ two years old this year.14、Look, there _ lots of grapes here.15、Today _ the second of June.Yesterday _the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excite.二,答案:1.am,Are,am2,is3,is4.is5.Is6.is,is7.is8.are9.is10.are11.is12.am13.are14.is15.are16.are17.is18.are19.is20.is21.is22.is23.Are24.is25.are26.Are27.Is28.is29.is30.are二、名词(一)名词精讲名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了,我们吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的,到底该怎么用呢?1、名词复数的特殊变化。普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是:a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es;b. story, factory 等以辅音字母+y结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es; d. 以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是元音字母+o 的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是辅音字母+o的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的piano 和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。 e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;f. deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people,police,cattle 等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。the English,the French,the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国),the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。 别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。a. man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:menworkers, women teachers。b. 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 两百棵树。名词所有格:表示的通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Childrens day,fathers shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加 就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有s,.则表示分别有。.如:Johns and Marys room(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个s,则表示共有。如:John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下,如:a map of China,the end of this term。(二)名词分类名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是 某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,注意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。常见的专有名词有:国家名称China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France;语言Chinese, Japanese, English, French;人名/地名 Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai由普通名词构成的专有名词the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the Peoples Hospital。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:(1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:pen, student, desk, book, bike。(2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family, class, people, school。(3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air, water, paper。(4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work, time, news。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。(三)名词的格格是名词的语法范畴之一。它是名词和代词的一种变化形式,在句中表示与其它词的关系。在英语中有些名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teachers book。它有两种不同的形式: 在名词尾加s 和of+名词结构。下面我们来具体看看,名词所有格的使用情况。一、 在名词尾加s1、 单数名词词尾加s,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加s,如the boys bag 男孩的书包,mens room 男厕所。2、 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加 ,如:the workers struggle工人的斗争,The teachers reading-room教员阅览室3、 名词的所有格形式主要用于人、国家或动物等有生命的东西:Lucys hat, the cats tail, students association4、表示时间:a weeks holiday一周的休假todays paper今天的报纸tomorrows weather明天的天气in two years time两年的时间之内ten minutes break十分钟休息two hours delay两小时的耽搁5、表示由人组成的集体名词:delegations visit代表团的访问nations youngsters我国的青少年 governments policy政府的政策companys directors公司的董事 (四)名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。这和汉语不同,比如,在汉语中,我们说一个苹果,那就是一个苹果,没什么特殊变化。你要说三个苹果,只需把“一”换成“三”就可以了。而在英语中,一个苹果是one apple,三个苹果是 three apples,不仅数量词变化了,名词也有相应的变化。下面我们就将名词变复数的规则分为规则变化和不规则变化。第一部分:规则变化 情况构成法读音例词一般情况(包括以e结尾的名词)加-s-s在清辅音ptk f后读sCups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces在浊辅音和元音后读z在辅音szd ?后读iz口诀:清清浊浊元浊以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es在sz?t?后读izClasses, boxes, watches, brushes以辅音+y结尾变y为i,加es读zCities, countries, studies以元音+y结尾加-s读zBoys, rays, days有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列:情况构成法读音例词以o 结尾加-es读zHeroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes加-s读zBamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos以f, fe结尾变f, fe为v,再加-es读vzLeaf-leavesLife-livesWife-wivesThief-thievesHalf-halvesKnife-knivesWolf-wolvesSelf-selvesLoaf-loaves加-s读sRoofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs我们经常会看到有些名词变复数时并没有遵循上述规则。这就是名词的不规则变化。还有一些名词,单复数是同一个形式的。不过,我们还是可以通过一些比较,发现其中的一些奥妙。以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规则变化。 第二部分:不规则变化(1)、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式,如:1、man-men、 woman-women2、tooth-teeth、 foot-feet3、child-children、 goose-geese4、mouse-mice、 ox-oxen(2)、有些是外来词,仍保有原来的复数形式,如:1、Phenomenon-phenomena(现象)2、Formula-formulae(公式)3、Thesis-theses(论文)4、Basis-bases(基础)5、Analysis-analyses(分析) 6、Criterion-criteria(标准)7、Crisis-crises(危机)8、Appendix-appendices(附录)(3)、部分单词的复数形式不变。 fishfish、sheepsheep、cattlecattle、deerdeer、 salmonsalmon、 meansmeans(4)、compound nouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰; step-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law.但是,也有些合成名词,特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词,里面所含的成分,全都要变为复数,如:Man-servantmen-servants,woman doctorwomen doctors等(5)、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的,但通常都作单数看待,如:Phonetics(语音学),physics(物理学),optics(光学),politics(政治),news(新闻)等。(6)、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀,trousers长裤,wages工资,belongings所有物, surroundings环境,savings储蓄,findings调查结果,arms武器,clothes衣服,stairs楼梯,等(7)、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思, goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼,papers文件,证件,greens青菜,manners礼貌,ruins废墟,troops军队,looks外貌,times时代,等第三部分:不可数名词的计量方法 (1)一般用“数字+of+计量单位+名词”表示,(注意:当数字大于一时,表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式)。如: a piece of news 一则新闻 a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 两碗米 a sum of money 一笔钱 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 两条建议(2)用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可数名词练习题:1、 All the people at the conference are _.a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb. mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers 2、All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women doctor d. woman doctor 3、-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 4、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5、Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6、There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 7、The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 8、We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe 9、Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave 10、He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice 11、Please pass me _.A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water 12、There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _.A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 13、This table is made of _.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass 14、_ can get a better view of the game than the participants.A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons 15、Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs 16、Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us.A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news 17、Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident.A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life 18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here.A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many 19、The police investigated those _ about the accident.A. stander-by C. standers-byB. stander-bys D. standers-bys 20、Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of (五)名词专项训练【实例解析】 1.These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答案:C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 答案:D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加s。 3.-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 答案:D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断,主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。 4.-What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案:C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。一. 单项填空1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释,写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new magazines (杂志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another Channel(频道), I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the flight (航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite season (季节) 5. -How many knives (小刀) do you have? -Three.6. Computers are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1st is Childrens (儿童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new address (地址) so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of music (音乐) sound nice? -Yes. Its wonderful!10. May 12th is the International Nurses(护士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work.三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. “Whats your n_?” “Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is more important to me than m_.10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now.【练习答案】一1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Childrens 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses三1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hours 9. money 10. dangerous1. Our school held an activity called Recommend Books to You Teachers. The students made a_of 1, 000 books. A. note B. line C. menu D. list2-Whats your favorite drink? -_
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