2022-2023年考博英语-苏州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第9期

2022-2023年考博英语-苏州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimateor the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsthose having very long wave-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While the report falls short of classifying ELE fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic or even to lose sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon. When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earths own magnetic field. The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such ionizing radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having biased the entire document toward proving a link, “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagons concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1. The main idea of this passage is （ ）.2. The view-point of the EPA is （ ）.3. Why did the Pentagon and White House object to the release of the report?Because（ ）4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon （ ）.5. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?问题1选项A.studies on the cause of cancerB.controversial view-points in the cause of cancerC.the relationship between electricity and cancerD.different ideas about the effect of electricity on cancer问题2选项A.there is casual link between electricity and cancerB.electricity really affects cancerC.controversialD.low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer问题3选项A.it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.B.every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.C.the Pentagons concern was understandable.D.they had different arguments.问题4选项A.the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.B.the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.C.electromagnetic field may affect health.D.only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.问题5选项A.They are indifferent.B.They are worried very much.C.They may exercise prudent avoidance.D.They are shocked.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章开篇就提出了电磁场是否会致癌这个问题，并提出有研究结果表明电磁场会增加患癌的危险性。第二段公布了EPA环保署的报告，认为电磁场与癌症之间存在偶然联系。第三段说明电磁场和癌症之间的关系问题仍然广受争议，需要进一步的研究和证明。下文提出五角大楼和白宫反对电磁场致癌的说法，因为每一个军事单位都依赖于电气设备的使用。纵观全文可知文章的主题主要是关于电磁场对癌症的影响的不同观点的讨论。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence suggests a casual link between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsthose having very long wave-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer.”，可知EPA初步得出结论，科学证据表明，低频电磁场(波长非常长的电磁场)与白血病、淋巴瘤和脑癌之间存在偶然的联系。可判断出EPA认为电磁场和癌症之间有偶然的联系。选项A符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.”，可知从巨大的陆基雷达到战舰和每架飞机内置的防御系统，现代军队几乎每个单位都会用到电子设备，由此可知他们相信电磁场不会诱发癌症。可判断出五角大楼和白宫反对公布这份报告的原因在于现代军队的每一个单位都依赖于某种电子设备的大量使用。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第四段，“When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak.”，可知当电流通过导线时，它会产生一个电磁场，对周围的物体施加压力。多年来，科学家们一直否认这种力可能是有害的，主要是因为它们非常微弱。可判断出从这个物理现象可知因为电磁场太弱了，所以没有害处。选项A符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“The report is no reason to panic or even to lose sleepBut now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.”，可知这个争论是会让人恐慌，但是现在没有人能否认，这个问题必须认真对待，需要更多的研究。可判断出人们还是会保持警惕的态度，会有意小心地避开电磁场。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Some modem anthropologists hold that biological evolution （ ）not only human morphology but also human behavior.问题1选项A.has relatedB.is relatedC.is shapedD.has shaped【答案】D【解析】语法题。relate “有联系”；shape “形成，塑造”，根据句子结构，evolution和动词之间为主动关系，所以不用被动语态，选项B和C可排除。句意：一些现代人类学家认为，生物进化不仅塑造了人类的形态，而且还塑造了人类的行为。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that todays youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes. But theres no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream America, with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St. Louis sees the project as a way to preserve history as it happens. Amusa, who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book, then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of those ideas, along with her global perspective, into her posts. Shes excited because, as she puts it, “I dont have to wait until 15 years from now” to make sense of the world.Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Marys University, credits this younger generations political strength to their embrace of technology. “The Internet exposes them to more thinking,” he says, “and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together.” Thats exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) theyve inherited from Generation X (60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人). Its no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinaryif ambitiousyoung people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.46.What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?47.What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?48.What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?49.What accounts for the younger generations political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?50.What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?问题1选项A.More young voters are going to the polls than before.B.The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes.C.Young voters played a decisive role in Obamas election.D.Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.问题2选项A.How Obama is going to live up to young peoples expectations.B.Whether America is going to change during Obamas presidency.C.Whether young people will continue to support Obamas policy.D.How Obamas agenda is going to affect the life of Americans.问题3选项A.Their own interpretation of American politics.B.Policy changes to take place in Obamas administration.C.Obamas presidency viewed from a global perspective.D.Their lives in relation to Obamas presidency.问题4选项A.Their embrace of radical ideas.B.Their desire to change America.C.Their utilization of the Internet.D.Their strong sense of responsibility.问题5选项A.They are politically conservative.B.They reject conventional values.C.They dare to take up challenges.D.They are indifferent to politics.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】46.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“shows that todays youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes.”，可知CIRCLE的研究发现越来越多的年轻选民和活动人士支持传统的自由主义事业。可判断出参加投票的年轻选民比以往更多。选项A符合题意。47.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?”，可知随着美国进一步进入奥巴马的总统任期，参与政治的年轻人是否会继续支持总统和他的议程，这是个问题。紧接着第二段第一句提到新闻周刊新开的博客“O一代”想要回答这个问题。可判断出“O一代”主要思考的问题是年轻人是否会继续支持奥巴马的政策。选项C符合题意。48.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters”，可知新闻周刊新开的博客O一代旨在记录一群年轻的奥巴马支持者的生活。可判断出他们将会把奥巴马执政期间年轻人的生活记录其中。选项D符合题意。49.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“credits this younger generations political strength to their embrace of technology. The Internet exposes them to more thinking, he says”，可知Henry把年轻一代的政治力量归功于他们对科技的拥抱，互联网让他们有更多的思考机会。可判断出年轻一代的政治力量来自于他们对互联网的运用。选项C符合题意。50.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy theyve inherited from Generation X.”，可知他们带着强烈的使命感长大，摆脱了他们从X一代那里继承来的冷漠形象。可判断出X一代对待政治是漠不关心的冷漠的态度。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Now those “effortless” good looks seem a little more risky. Allegedly, the silicone implants can leak and interfere with the bodys immune system. There have been over 2,000 complaints, particularly about implants which predate 1985-although cosmetic surgeons blame zealous lawyers for manufacturing concerns. The Food and Drug Administration announced an inquiry last year, but initially said it would not ask for the operations to stop it, reportedly because of evidence coming out in court cases. In December, for example, a woman who suffered from a ruptured implant was awarded $7.34m from the biggest maker of implants, Dow Coming.The announcement has caused more panic among American women than any medical decision since a contraceptive device, the Daikon Sheild, was removed from the market in 1974, some 2 million women have had implants, 80% of them for cosmetic reasons: the rest had “re-constructive” medical surgery following cancer treatment. The waiting list for implants by one Californian doctor used to be six months; it is now less than one month, Shares in implant makers have slumped.Such second thoughts are overdue. For all its glittering advocates, cosmetic surgery is the only type of medicine where a perfectly healthy patient is cut up. (This, of course, omits re-constructive operations to repair bums or replace missing breasts.) Eight out of ten cosmetic operations are performed outside proper hospitalsome in operation rooms that look more like offices. Warnings of side-effect rarely appear in advertisements; nor do the records of the eager surgeons. Since it is “elective” surgery, not covered by insurance, few of the normal rules apply.Inside the industry, rumors of malpractice are rife. One senior plastic surgeon says that he has a list of peers who “he wouldnt let touch my dogs body.”1.According to the paragraph, cosmetic surgeons think that （ ）.2.It is reported that the Food and Drug Administration inquired into the effects of silicone implant, because （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?4.The difference between the cosmetic surgery and other surgery is that （ ）.5.The last sentence of the passage, “peers” refers to （ ）.问题1选项A.the silicone implant complaints were started particularly before 1985B.the silicone implant are dangerousC.the silicone implant are linked with bodys immune systemD.the silicone implant complaints are due to those profit-happy lawyers问题2选项A.there was a case in December about a woman who suffered from the implantB.there had been a lot of cases in court about silicone implantC.Dow Coming has produced some poor-quality silicone implantD.it did not want to ask for the operations to stop it问题3选项A.American women had once been in panic because of the removal of a contraceptive device from the market.B.Daikon Sheild is a brand name.C.About 1.6 million women have had implants because they wanted to be more beautifulD.A Californian doctor began to earn less money.问题4选项A.the former is to operate on the healthy body, while the latter is to operate on the sick bodyB.the former is to do harm to a person, while the latter is to cure a personC.the former is with glittering advocates, while the latter is to repair bumsD.the former is to be performed outside proper hospitals, while the latter is to be performed inside proper hospitals问题5选项A.industry ownersB.plastic surgeonsC.humoristsD.officers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“There have been over 2,000 complaints, particularly about implants which predate 1985-although cosmetic surgeons blame zealous lawyers for manufacturing concerns.”，可知已经有超过2000起投诉，特别是关于1985年以前植入物的投诉尽管整形外科医生将制造问题归咎于律师们。可判断出整容外科医生认为硅胶植入物的投诉是由于那些喜欢赚钱的律师。选项D符合题意。2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段，“because of evidence coming out in court cases. In December, for example, a woman who suffered from a ruptured implant.”，可知美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物进行调查的原因是法庭上出现了很多这样的案例，下文提出一个妇女获赔的案例只是其中一个。可判断出美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物的效果进行了调查的原因在于法庭上有很多关于硅胶植入的案例。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The announcement has caused more panic among American women than any medical decision since a contraceptive device, the Daikon Sheild, was removed from the market in 1974”，可知自从1974年一种名为Daikon Sheild的避孕设备被撤市以来，这一消息在美国女性中引起的恐慌超过了任何医疗因素。可判断出美国女性曾经因为避孕设备从市场上撤下而恐慌，这一表达复符合文意，选项A可排除。也可判断出Daikon Sheild是一个品牌名称，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“some 2 million women have had implants, 80% of them for cosmetic reasons”，可知大约有200万女性做手术，因为她们想变得更美丽，选项C可排除。根据排除法，选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“cosmetic surgery is the only type of medicine where a perfectly healthy patient is cut up.”，可知整容手术是唯一一种把完全健康的病人割伤的医术，这也是整容术和其他手术的区别。选项A符合题意。5.词义理解题。根据文章最后一句，“One senior plastic surgeon says that he has a list of peers”，可知一位资深整形外科医生说，他有一份同伴名单，可知资深整形外科医生的同伴指整形外科医生，peer意思为同伴，同等的人。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave （ ）something occurred which attracted my attention.问题1选项A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。be about to dowhen表示正准备做某事，某事就发生了。句意：我感到有点失望，正要离开时，发生了一件事引起了我的注意。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of （ ）enlightenment, in which better education and beneficial technology would ensure wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.sustainableB.credibleC.certifiedD.unprecedented【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。Sustainable “可支撑的，可持续的”；credible “可信任的”；certified “有保证的”；unprecedented “空前的”。句意：一些人认为他们正在进入一个前所未有的启蒙时代，在这个时代，更好的教育和有益的技术将确保所有人的财富和闲暇。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题They managed to （ ） the enemys secret telegram and thus were able to win the victory.问题1选项A.decomposeB.decodeC.enlightenD.enclose【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。Decompose “分解，腐烂”；decode “解密，破译”；enlighten “启示”；enclose “围绕，装入”。句意：他们设法破译了敌人的密电，从而赢得了胜利。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural pater