2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解10

2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parents （ ） to obtain a license.问题1选项A.warrantB.sanctionC.malignanceD.affirmation【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。warrant“证明, 正当理由”;sanction“认可, 支持;malignance“恶意, 恶性”;affirmation“主张, 肯定, 断言”。句意:在那个国家, 一个人在法定年龄前结婚的话必须得到父母的认可才能领证。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt （ ） but lonely.问题1选项A.nothingB.anythingC.allD.everything【答案】B【解析】不定代词的用法。nothing but只有，只不过；anything but根本不，绝不；all but几乎，差一点儿；没有everything but的用法，排除。句意：他独自一个人在一所废弃的房子里，忙于研究工作，一点儿也不感到孤独。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题You shouldnt go to work today, it is raining so hard.（ ）you still have a temperature.问题1选项A.ThereforeB.NeverthelessC.MoreoverD.Despite【答案】C【解析】逻辑关系。根据句意可知，前后构成递进的关系，选项中只有Moreover表示递进，所以选项C正确。4. 单选题We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always（ ） .问题1选项A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexplicable“费解的, 无法说明的”;healthy“健康的, 健全的”;sound“合理的, 可靠的”;straight“笔直的, 正直的”。句意:我们可以依靠William去执行这次任务, 因为他的判断一直都很可靠。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （ ） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，成人礼都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。6. 单选题My mother raised me as best as she could, taking on odd jobs in the neighborhood for money. Still without a father to tell me how to act and what was expected of me, I felt lost. I wandered for years and got involved with tough guys on the East Side of New York. They would fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted. I wanted to be like them.It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline, after following my mothers advice. During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, and my thoughts often ran to my mother. I realized suddenly just how much of a heartache I must have been to her, how little I had noticed her suffering. When my father left this world, my mother was completely alone. To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors. And as she worked hard at this labor, she kept her head high. Each week she would bring a pile of books home from the library and read to us. My mother had wanted nothing more than for me to turn into an honest responsible man. But I had acted against her. Finally, almost too late I had the sense to feel shame.Ten years passed and I returned to the apartment on the East Side. I knew I wouldnt fall back in with the wrong people, although I still wasnt sure where I was heading. My mother, I could tell was worried about me. In my neighborhood, to become a police officer or a firefighter was a mark of significant social success and achievement. For me it was an opportunity for a real start in life. I wondered if I was up to it, but I knew that it was time to try. When I found myself in the big hall raising my hands to take the firefighters oath of office, my mother was sitting a few rows behind with a smile of relief. She knew that at last I was off on lifes road and moving steadily. Her smile said, “My job is finally done.”1.From this story, we may guess that the East Side of New York must be a （ ） area.2.The author used to behave himself （ ） .3.From the context, we understand that “odd jobs” in the first paragraph refer to jobs （ ） .4.In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author says “It was lucky for me that.” The lucky experience he talks about here is his experience of （ ） .5.What is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.commercialB.richC.poorD.distant问题2选项A.oddlyB.toughlyC.remarkablyD.badly问题3选项A.of cleaning, washing and ironingB.which are not regular or fixedC.which one can make extra money withD.with house work问题4选项A.the three years of military serviceB.leaving a world of disciplineC.leaving the city and his motherD.fighting with tough guys问题5选项A.After her husband died, his mother did all available jobs to support the family.B.The author was surprised that he was accepted as a firefighter.C.The author finally realized that his mother always wanted him to be an honest and responsible man.D.In face of poverty, his mother never lowered her head. She bravely struggled on.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段“They would fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted.”他们会为一枚掉在地上的硬币疯狂地打斗, 他们会去偷想要的东西。由此可以推断, 这个地区很贫穷, 选项C正确。2.信息推断题。根据第二段的首句“It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline,.”我很幸运, 在听从了母亲的建议后, 我离开了这座城市, 进入了一个有纪律的世界。根据“discipline”可推测, 作者以前的表现应该是badly, 选项D最恰当。3.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段, 可知“odd jobs”是母亲做的工作。再根据第二段“To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors.”所以选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第二段的第二句“During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, .”可知, 作者觉得幸运的经历是在部队服役的三年经历。选项A正确。5.信息推断题。根据第二段后半部分的内容可知选项A和D正确;根据第二段最后三句“My mother had . the sense to feel shame.”可知选项C也正确;所以本题选B。7. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。8. 单选题He has little trouble （ ） the tires of his car.问题1选项A.to fixB.fixC.fixingD.with fixing【答案】C【解析】特殊用法。have trouble后接动名词, 表示“在方面有困难和麻烦”。选项C正确。9. 单选题Unless you lived through the Eisenhower era, it may be hard to imagine the impact of the on-screen sight of sneering high-school students challenging adults with switch-blades. But in 1950s America, killing was still seen as something rare and horrible, something done by soldiers in battle, by lawmen, by gangsters, or by the occasional psychopath.Homicides in movies, even those considered violent, were infrequent. Those films presented juvenile delinquency more as the thread of rebellion and disobedience than of outright violence.The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression. The change in 1957 when a wave of teen-street-gang killing in New York City (22 in the first six months of the year) spurred the emergency deployment of six hundred Police Academy cadets in a war on teen street crime. Though teen violence soon lost its place in news headlines to other crises, it did not go away.Thirty-five years later America is in the grip of a violence epidemic that has transformed the country into one of the most dangerous nations on earth. The national homicide rate, corrected for population growth, increased almost exactly 100 percent from 1950 to 1990. In major cities the increase has been much higher. In Los Angeles County the 1953 homicide total was 82. In 1992, with a population almost doubled, the total was 2, 512一an increase of over 1, 000 percent. These are staggering increase by any measure, with the one-year toll for L. A. County exceeding the deaths in over fifteen years of conflict in Northern Ireland.Youth crime accounts for a disproportionate number of these killings. Thats more than twice the number recorded a decade earlier, reflecting the fact, according to FBI reports, that the number of youths who committed murder with guns was up 79 percent in one decade. Clearly something has gone horribly wrong. In looking for a root cause, one of the most obvious differences in the social and cultural fabric between post-World War II and pre-World War II America is the massive and pervasive exposure of American youth to television. Since the 1950s, behavioral scientists and medical researchers have been examining screen violence as a possible causative element in Americas spiraling violent crime rate. There is compelling evidence of a direct, demonstrable link. Homicide has become the second leading cause among African-American youth. In 1992 the US surgeon general cited violence as the leading cause of injury to women aged 15 to 44, and the US Centers for Disease Control consider violence a public health issue, to be treated as an epidemic.1.From the passage we can infer that （ ） .2.Which of the following is not true?3.A major reason for youth crime increase is （ ） .4.It is a fact, in 1992, that （ ） .5.The word “spiraling”（Para.5） is close in meaning to （ ） .问题1选项A.from the 1950s on high-school students have been a threat to the safety of adultsB.in the 1950s only some gun-men used gun as weaponsC.it was in the late 1950s that violence was frequentD.youth crime began in the 1950s问题2选项A.There were more than 22 killings of teenagers in New York, in 1957.B.The wave of teen murder urged policemen to take a quick action.C.Violence was so emergent that even six hundred students of Police Academy were turned to for help.D.Six hundred students of Police Academy were involved in the street crime.问题3选项A.population grows too muchB.young people are exposed too much to screen violenceC.violence is a public issueD.the economic background问题4选项A.population in Los Angeles was of 2, 512 peopleB.homicide totaled 352 in Los AngelesC.homicide rose up to 2, 512 in Los AngelesD.population in Los Angeles was over 1, 512问题5选项A.movingB.changingC.risingD.falling【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知没有提及高中生对成年人的安全构成威胁, 所以选项A错误;选项B在文中也没有提及;根据二三段的内容, 在20世纪50年代的美国很难想象青少年犯罪, 然而确实发生了, “The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression.”由此可以推断, 选项D正确。原文主要说的是青少年犯罪而不是暴力, 所以选项C不正确。2.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“The change in 1957 . teen street crime.”1957年, 纽约市发生了一起青少年街头帮派杀人事件(今年前6个月有22起), 促使600名警察学院学员紧急部署, 以打击青少年街头犯罪。所以选项D错误。3.事实细节题。根据最后一段“Since the 1950s, behavioral scientists . demonstrable link.”自20世纪50年代以来, 行为科学家和医学研究人员一直在研究银幕暴力, 认为它可能是美国不断上升的暴力犯罪率的原因之一。有令人信服的证据表明, 两者之间存在直接的联系。所以选项B正确。4.细节推理题。根据第四段倒数两句“In Los Angeles County . of over 1, 000 percent.”1953年洛杉矶县共有82个杀人犯。1992年, 杀人犯总数达到2512, 几乎翻了一番增加超过1000%。选项C正确。5.词义理解题。根据原文句意可知, “spiraling”指急剧增长的。选项C与之意思相近。10. 单选题Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the PH is below 5. 0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged. （1 ） , the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases （2 ） becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the （3） salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also （4 ） in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are （5 ） the decline.What potential remedies exist for the acid rain （6 ） ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be （7 ） to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned （8 ） to prevent it. （9 ） , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another （10 ） is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good （11 ） of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more （12 ） fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in （13） acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a （14 ） of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we （15 ） what we know now.问题1选项A.LikewiseB.BesidesC.ThusD.Otherwise问题2选项A.andB.thenC.henceD.or问题3选项A.entireB.completeC.totalD.all问题4选项A.imaginableB.unaccountableC.considerableD.understandable问题5选项A.onB.withC.toD.at问题6选项A.affairB.issueC.matterD.question问题7选项A.announcedB.orderedC.imposedD.enacted问题8选项A.fasterB.moreC.betterD.harder问题9选项A.FurthermoreB.ConverselyC.AccordinglyD.Nevertheless问题10选项A.possibilityB.perspectiveC.occurrenceD.opportunity问题11选项A.pieceB.portionC.sectionD.segment问题12选项A.toleratedB.tolerantC.tolerableD.intolerant问题13选项A.descendingB.decliningC.reducingD.relieving问题14选项A.combinationB.allianceC.mixtureD.union问题15选项A.knowB.knewC.had knownD.have known【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:B第13题:C第14题:A第15题:C【解析】（1）上下文语义。根据上下文可知, 本句是补充说明过酸性水质给鱼类带来的危害, 只有选项B符合。（2）连词词义辨析。根据句意:因此, 在酸性环境中, 鱼类数量会减少或灭绝。选项D符合原文语境。（3）近义词词义辨析。句意:河流和小溪中鲑鱼的减少可能威胁到整个鲑鱼产业。entire“全部的, 整个的, 全体的”;total“全部的, 完全的, 一般指数量的全部”;complete“完整的, 彻底的”;all“全部的”, 强调整体中的个体。所以选项A最恰当。（4）形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知, 这里指上文提到的情况在安大略和魁北克两大水域的影响也是相当大的。 imaginable“可能的, 可想象的”;unaccountable“莫名其妙的, 不可理解的”;considerable“相当大的, 重要的”;understandable“可以理解的, 可以了解的”。所以选项C符合句意。（5）语法知识。on the decline为固定搭配, 表示“在走下坡路, 在衰退中”。这里指鱼类数量减少, 所以选项A正确。（6）名词词义辨析。根据上文的描述可知, 酸雨很显然已经成为了一个很严峻的问题, 所以选项B最恰当。（7）动词词义辨析。与法律搭配的动词应该是颁布法律或制定法律。因此只有选项D符合。（8）语法知识, 副词的比较级。根据句意:有人说, 如果我们早知道酸雨有这么严重, 我们就会更好地计划预防酸雨。选项C符合原文语境。（9）上下文语义。Furthermore此外, 而且, 表递进;Conversely相反地; Accordingly相应地, 表递进;Nevertheless然而。前后两个句子没有递进或者相反的情况, 所以选项D正确。（10）上下文语义。本段主要是讲专家们针对酸雨问题给出的不同建议措施, 这里指另一种可能性的措施, 所以选项A符合原文语境。（11）量词的用法。根据句意可知, 这里指通过在烟囱里安装特殊的洗涤器来清除大部分污染物。piece“块, 件”, 适用于平展的东西;portion“部分, 比例, 常指食物的份或抽象的量”;section“截面, 部分”, 指由切断、分割、分类等所产生的一部分, 常指比较小的事物;segment“段, 部分”, 多指整体的局部。所以选项B更恰当。（12）近义词辨析。tolerated“可接纳的”;tolerant“宽容的, 有耐药力的”;tolerable“可容忍的”;intolerant“无法容忍的”。根据原文可知, 这里指培育抗酸性耐药性的鱼类, 所以选项B符合原文语境。（13）上下文语义。根据常识可知, 石灰是碱性的, 可以中和酸雨, 降低湖水的酸性, 所以选项C正确。（14）名词词义辨析。根据句意:如果我们真正想减少酸雨的影响, 就必须将补救办法和国际合作相结合起来。将二者结合起来用combination最为恰当, 所以选项A正确。（15）语法理解题。根据句意可知本句表示对过去的虚拟, 主句为现在完成式, 从句用过去完成式, 所以选项C正确。11. 单选题Nobody knows what triggered the event, which （ ） a million cubic meters of water per second, obliterating the barrier between Britain and France.问题1选项A.relievedB.releasedC.restoredD.retained【答案】B【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve“解除, 减轻”;release“释放, 发射”;restore“恢复, 修复”;retain“保持, 记住”。句意:谁也不知道是什么引发了这次事件, 它每秒释放一百万立方米的水, 冲毁了英法之间的屏障。选项B符合此处语境。12. 单选题The liberal arts education asks that we confront our unexamined world view with historical understanding, new theories and intercultural （ ） .问题1选项A.prospectsB.perspectivesC.aspectsD.respects【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“观点，远景”;aspect“方面，形势”;respect“尊敬, 尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我们用历史理解、新理论和跨文化视角来看待我们未经检验的世界观。根据句意可知，填空处是表示看待未经检验的世界观的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective强调主体, 指人观察或思考的角度;而aspect强调客体, 指事物的某个方面。句中强调的是我们看待世界的跨文化角度，所以选项B更符合语境。13. 单选题Poverty is not （ ） in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.问题1选项A.rareB.temporaryC.prevalentD.segmental【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：尽管贫困在大多数城市并不普遍，或许是由于某些地区很拥挤，贫困才更为明显。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。15. 单选题It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, （ ） traffic delays.问题1选项A.affordingB.accounting forC.allowing forD.acknowledging【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予，提供，买得起”;account for“对.负有责任，对.作出解释”，allow for“考虑到，顾及”;acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。16. 单选题She once （ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并, 吞没”;coincide“一致, 符合, 同时发生”;constitute“组成, 构成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （ ） at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。take offence at sth.表示“对.感到生气”。句意:记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到十分生气。irritation一般与feel搭配，所以选项B正确。18. 单选题A(n) （ ） entrepreneur will seek success farther afield and will risk more in the research than his more timid competitors.问题1选项A.adventurousB.progressiveC.aggressiveD.impulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。adventurous“爱冒险的;大胆的”;progressive“进步的;先进的”;aggressive“有进取心的;好斗的”;impulsive“冲动的;任性的”。句意:那些胆大的企业家将在更远的地方寻求成功，并将比那些胆小的竞争对手在研究上冒更大的风险。选项A符合句意。19. 单选题As a salesman, he works on a(n) （ ） basis, taking 10% of everything he sells.问题1选项A.incomeB.commissionC.salaryD.pension【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。根据下半句句意：从他销售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推断，填空处应该指佣金，所以选项B正确。pension指退休金，抚恤金。20. 单选题I recently conducted a survey to see what people thought and knew about Martin Luther King, Jr. I did this by bringing up the subject of MLK Day in casual conversations with people and gauging their reaction. (The sampling was 23 friends, colleagues, and strangers; 10 Black, 9 White, 3 Hispanic, 1 Asian; 4 were between the ages 42 -35 and 19 were 34 -20. ) All knew King as the famous black civil rights leader who was killed, but few knew much more. The majority of people under 30regardless of raceknew little more, in fact.How is it that Jill (black, 27, college educated) did not know that MLK was a Nobel Peace Prize recipient? Or that Tim (white, 31, college educated) was clueless about Kings nonviolent approach to civil rights activism?Darlene (black, 23) thought she should have the day off to sleep in. She had no idea the MLK day is really about doing something to inspire others.What is the point of having a day to mark the man if we do not understand the significance of his life? How is it that not only one of the greatest Americans, but one of the most influential humans in the history of our planet is not better known in this country? Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation.Martin Luther King, Jr. was more than just an inspirational black leader. His desire and ability to rise above his own failings and those of fellow humans uplifted us allboth those who were living at the time and those who have come after. Even if we do not know it, our world is a better place because of his light.Dr. Kings life was extinguished more than 30 years ago, but not his light. It is still here for each of us to carry, and to illuminate even brighter with our own unique creativity and contributions.Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15,1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. After graduating from Morehouse College and becoming a minister, he made his way to Montgomery, Alabama in 1954. This was an important decision for it was in the same city that, on December 1 of the following year, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. King was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and led a boy