2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解12

2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Our stomachs can often be a mystery to us and many of us dont realize just how much the food we eat can impact on our mood and mental well-being.According to charity Allergy UK, a shocking 45% of us suffers with food and drink intolerances, beveragethis is called food intolerance.Food intolerance is a much more common problem than food allergy and one of the most harmful symptoms can be low mood. 1 in 4 people in the UK will suffer problems with their mood or mental health every year,with anti-depressant prescriptions increasing by over 40 % in the last 5 years.Recent research from York Test Laboratories, leading experts in food intolerance testing, has found that 97% of their customers reported problems relating to mood as a significant symptom of their food intolerance, of which 73% felt that their mood had significantly improved after altering their diets to remove foods to which they reacted.In addition, in a recent paper published in the Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences,over 81 % of patients reported a significant improvement in mood and mental well-being as a direct consequence of applying the dietary changes recommended by York Test.So how is it that the food we eat can have such a significant impact on our mood?Bidirectional connections between the gut and the brain are complex and are regulated in the body in three different ways: through nerves,hormones and the immune system. The gut mediates the bodys immune response; at least 70 per cent of our immune system is situated in the gut and is used to expel and kill foreign invaders.Our gut contains some 100 million neurons (nerve cells) , more than in either the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system. All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings. Our gut partly determines our mental state and plays key roles in certain diseases throughout the body. Many people will not be aware that 90% of serotonin（血清素）, the brains “happy hormone” is produced in the gutit is for these reasons that the gut is often referred to as the second brain.In addition, research has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal（肠胃的）inflammationa common symptom of food intolerance. By tackling unidentified food intolerances, not only will physical symptoms benefit, but mental health symptoms can often show significant improvement.There are a number of ways to identify potentially mood suppressing food intolerances. One that I recommend is scientifically validated and well researched is York Test. Its food and drink intolerance test called Food & Drink Scan can uncover potential food and drink triggers, allowing people to simply modify their diets with life changing health benefits.1.The over 40% increase of anti-depressant prescriptions in the last 5 years in the UK was attributed to（ ） .2.Which is NOT one of the reasons why the gut is often referred to as the “second brain”?3.What frequently has a causal connection with depression?4.What is the purpose in ones taking York Test?问题1选项A.food intoleranceB.foreign invadersC.food allergyD.food triggers问题2选项A.Our gut contains more nerve cells than in the spinal cord.B.The neurons in the gut contribute solely to effective digestion.C.90% of the brains “happy hormone” is produced in the gut.D.Certain diseases result from our digestive system.问题3选项A.A psychiatric disorder.B.Bidirectional treatment.C.Gastrointestinal inflammation.D.Unidentified physical problems.问题4选项A.To validate the scientific research.B.To detect the source of food intolerance.C.To invent a modification of life style.D.To prescribe anti-depressant drugs【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据第三段的内容可知, 食物耐受不良是一个比食物过敏更常见的问题, 最有害的症状之一是情绪低落。在英国, 每年有四分之一的人情绪或心理健康都会出现问题, 在过去的五年中, 抗抑郁药物的处方数量增加了40%以上。所以选项A正确。2.根据第八段的内容可知, 选项A, C, D均符合原文;根据第二句“All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings.”所有这些排列在我们消化系统中的神经元不仅仅是处理消化, 偶尔也会引起紧张情绪。选项B描述太绝对, 所以不正确。3.根据第九段第一句“research has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal inflammation”研究表明抑郁症经常与肠胃炎联系在一起。所以选项C正确。4.根据最后一段最后一句“Its food and drink intolerance test called Food & Drink Scan can uncover potential food and drink triggers.”这项名为“饮食扫描”的饮食耐受不良测试, 可以发现饮食耐受不良潜在的诱因。选项B符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:2. 单选题Meeting new people widened the young mans（ ） .问题1选项A.joysB.horizonsC.rangeD.vicinities【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知, 这里指开阔眼界。widen horizons符合句意, 选项B正确。3. 写作题You are supposed to write a letter to a professor in a university in the United States or UK, requesting for the possibility of a cooperative program for Ph. D. there.1.The letter should begin with “Dear Professor XXX”2.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.3.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Ma Qing” instead.4.Do not write the address.【答案】Dear Professor Peter Day,I am Ma Qing from Nanjing University in Jiangsu Province, the Peoples Republic of China. I have become a Ph. D. candidate of our university. My research interest is comparative culture. What I am really interested in is the similarity and difference between American culture and Chinese culture. I am proud to say that I have made some achievements in my academic research. My research papers often appear in some influential core journals in China. But to tell the truth,my knowledge of the United States is far less than my knowledge of China. So that is not conducive to writing my dissertation related to comparative culture. Under such circumstances, I should like to pursue a co-operative program for Ph. D. in your university. If I have finished learning some courses in China this year,I will take some other courses in your university next year. I especially wish to make greater progress in my academic research under your tutelage because I know you are a famous scholar in the East West Center,the University of Hawaii.If you could accept my request, I would appreciate it very much. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours respectfully Ma Qing 4. 翻译题I shall mention two or three matters in which the need for cooperation between philosophy and science is especially intimate.Since scientific method depends upon first-hand experimental controlled experiences, any philosophic application of the scientific point of view will emphasize the need of such experiences in the school, as over against mere acquisition of ready-made information that is supplied in isolation from the students own experience. So far, it will be in line with what is called the “progressive” movement in education. But it will be an influence in counteracting any tendencies that may exist in progressive education to slight the importance of continuity in the experiences that are had and the importance of organization. Unless the science of education on its own ground and behalf emphasizes subject-matters which contain within themselves the promise and power of continuous growth in the direction of organization, it is false to its own position as scientific. In cooperation with a philosophy of education, it can lend invaluable aid in seeing to it that the chosen subject-matters are also such that they progressively develop toward formation of attitudes of understanding the world in which students and teachers live and toward forming the attitudes of purpose, desire and action which will make pupils effective in dealing with social conditions.Another point of common interest concerns the place in the schools of the sciences, especially the place of the habits which form scientific attitudes and methods. The sciences had to battle against powerful enemies to obtain recognition in the curriculum. In a formal sense, the battle has been won, but not yet in a substantial sense. For scientific subject- matter is still more or less isolated as a special body of facts and truths.The full victory will not be won until every subject and lesson is taught in connection with its bearing upon creation and growth of the kind of power of observation, inquiry, reflection and testing that are the heart of scientific intelligence. Experimental philosophy is at one with the genuine spirit of a scientific attitude in the endeavor to obtain for scientific method this central place in education.Finally, the science and philosophy of education can and should work together in overcoming the split between knowledge and action, between theory and practice, which now affects both education and society so seriously and harmfully. Indeed, it is not too much to say that institution of a happy marriage between theory and practice is in the end the chief meaning of a science and a philosophy of education that work together for common ends.【答案】由于科学方法来自经过实践检验的直接经验, 因此, 科学观点在哲学上的任何应用都特别需要学校教育中的这类经验, 而不是仅仅获取人们提供的、脱离学生自身体验的现成资料。教育科学与教育哲学相结合, 就能提供宝贵的支持, 确保所选的学科题材也能逐步地朝着形成师生世界观的方向发展, 朝着塑造学生实现目的、愿望和行动的态度的方向发展, 使他们有效地适应社会环境。要取得彻底胜利, 就必须使每一学科和课程的讲授与培养学生观察、探究、思考和检验等能力的相关之事联系起来, 而这些能力正是科学才智的核心。5. 单选题Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any（ ） of what I said.问题1选项A.noticeB.remarkC.observationD.attention【答案】A【解析】take notice of为固定短语，意为：注意到，留意。句意：虽然我跟他说过很多次，但他从来没有注意到我说的话。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest” in institutions of learning to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdomwhat would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures” and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college” imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no “illiterates”一if the term can be applied to people without a scriptwhile our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few” during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands know of no “juvenile delinquency”. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy” an education for his child.1.The word “interest” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.2.According to the passage, the author seems to be （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）. 4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?5.The best title for this passage is（ ）. 问题1选项A.pleasureB.returnsC.shareD.knowledge问题2选项A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.quite happy to see an equal start for everyoneD.positive about our present educational instruction问题3选项A.the aim of “equal start” has already been reached among savagesB.savages in ancient times are more civilized than modern peopleC.the modern education system is more democratic than beforeD.there are no illiterates in civilized nations in todays society问题4选项A.Education cant work without the benefits of textbooks.B.We have not yet decided on our educational models.C.Compulsory schooling is not existent in all nations.D.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.问题5选项A.Education and Modern CivilizationB.The Significance of Modern EducationC.Educational Investment and the Profit It BringsD.Education: A Comparison between Past and Present【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段第一句“It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.”这是“平等起步”的理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。4.根据第三段“.our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。7. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance? The essay should be based on the outline below.1.The present situation;2.Its advantages;3.Its disadvantages;4.Your suggestions.【答案】Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance?Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology and information industry, cell phones play an important role in peoples, especially townspeoples life. But, like everything else, they are a mixed blessing.First, its useful. As a wireless telephone, it can be carried anywhere one wants to go and can be used to call the callee however faraway he or she is. Therefore, it greatly facilitates peoples life. Second, its convenient. Whenever one gets into trouble or meets something urgent, one can ask for help by making a phone call immediately. Most important of all, its a very helpful companion. With a multifunctional cell phone in hand, one can easily log on, browsing useful information, conducting E-commerce and doing whatever one can do via the Internet.However, just as everything has two sides, the cell phone also has many disadvantages. First, it may affect others attention. For example, some people use their cell phones while listening to a lecture or attending a meeting, which undoubtedly distracts the attention of others, thus seriously affecting the atmosphere of the lecture or the meeting. Second, it does more harm to primary school students and even junior middle school students. Many of them do not know how difficult it is for their parents to earn money, they waste a lot of money chatting with their friends or getting on the Net by means of their cell phones. Worst of all, quite a number of adult testees cheat on their tests by using their cell phones.In my view, it is unreasonable and impossible to ban the use of cell phones among young students. What really counts is to use cell phones on the right occasions. So I strongly suggest forbidding turning on the cell phone in class, on tests or at meetings. Another suggestion is to forbid primary school students and junior middle students to use cell phones in their schools on weekdays. Of course they can use theirs at home or elsewhere on weekends.8. 单选题Scar Jo is not the first American to convey the impression that you can get by in Paris without speaking French; David Sedaris found plenty of material writing about his dread of learning French when he lived in Paris. He avoided the challenge largely by hiding away all day in theaters, watching English-language films. Director Wes Anderson loves his place in Paris, but freely admits he doesnt speak the language at least not well enough to understand queries at press conferences. Hence, the question: Can you actually live in Paris without speaking French?As someone married to a Frenchman, with whom I live in Paris a few months of every year, Ill offer my quick answer: Yes. But if you cant really talk to Parisians, you will never hit the beautiful, thoughtful, gentle sweet soft spot that lies behind their French shyness and lack of confidencewhich presents itself as coldness or crankiness. Finding that sweet spot, via hours chatting with them in cafes and bars, allowed me to love Parisians after a long period of finding them completely impossible. If you are going to learn, the only way to go is total immersion. So:1. Take lessons or hire a tutor to sit in a cafe and speak French with you as often as you can afford. (And given the number of well-educated, unemployed Paris youth seeking work, its not that expensive.)2. Insist that your French friends speak only French with you. This is painful and will send you home at the end of the day with an aching head. But youll also soon realize just how different everyday French is from the stilted, outdated French you learned in school. Only very formal or written cases call for beginning questions with “Est-ce que.” or for using the nous form for us anymore. And lest you take offense when a Parisian replies to your French with her English, rememberits her chance to show off and practice her ESL. Parisians want you to know that they are far more likely to speak good English than French people outside of Paris, whose English mastery embarrassingly falls behind not just Northern Europe but Eastern Europe, and whose confidence levels about speaking English, accordingly, are also low.Also, dont take offense if someone seems to be almost daring you to speak French. Says my friend Cindra Feuer, who has been living on and off in Paris for nearly two years with her French girlfriend: Her father speaks good English, but he always talks to me in French. I thought it was a challenge until my girlfriend told me that he was just insecure about speaking less than perfect English around me. And therein lies a big difference between Parisians and Americans, and our schooling systems. We were schooled and we live in a culture where its okay to stumble, to try and fail, to be less than perfect. The old, rote, didactic, shame-based French schooling system dies hard. French people are often afraid to speak English unless they can feel assured its impeccable. You, however, should cast shame aside. And if you dont have time for a tutor, heres a quick guide on how to fake it.5. According to the author, if one cant really talk to Parisians, he will _.6. Parisians like replying to others French with their English because _.7. What does the author say about Parisians when compared with Americans?8. What is the author going to write about at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.avoid meeting with French shyness and lack of confidenceB.fail to get by or chat with Parisians in cafes and bars