2022年考博英语-复旦大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解8

2022年考博英语-复旦大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person（ ）uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.问题1选项A.opulentlyB.excessivelyC.consistentlyD.exceedingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。 opulently “富裕地，丰裕地”；excessively “过分地，极度”,强调的是超过合理范围的；consistently “一贯地，一致地”；exceedingly “极其，非常”，相当于very 。句意：如果你在电梯里盯着陌生人看，你会让别人极其不舒服，并且你自己也会觉得很奇怪。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题My neighbor tended to react in a heat and（ ） way.问题1选项A.impetuousB.impertinentC.imperativeD.imperceptible【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。impetuous“性急的，鲁莽的”；impertinent“无关的，不恰当的，不相干的”；imperative“必要的，紧急的，极重要的”；imperceptible“察觉不出的，感觉不到的”。句意：我邻居倾向于用一种激烈、鲁莽的方式做出反应。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Were in an era when computer hackers are stealing credit-card numbers and other technologically adept criminals are（ ）national borders.问题1选项A.transplantingB.transgressingC.transformingD.transmitting【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。 transplanting “移植”；transgressing “违反，违法，越界”；transforming “转化，转变”；transmitting “传递，传送”。句意：我们处在电脑黑客盗取信用卡密码，其他技术犯罪不断侵犯国界的一个时代。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题To get my travellers cheques I had to（ ）a special cheque to the bank for the total amount.问题1选项A.make forB.make outC.make upD.make off【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。make for“走向，有助于，导致”；make out“辨认出，填写，理解”；make up“组成，弥补，虚构，缝制”；make off“（尤指做了错事后）匆忙离开，逃走”。句意：为了拿到游客们的支票，我不得不给银行填写了一个包含所有费用的特殊支票。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Im sorry Im late I had a mental （ ）and forget that we would have a meeting today.问题1选项A.aberrationB.perversionC.imbalanceD.sanity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。aberration “神经迷乱；离开正路；越轨”；perversion “反常，颠倒，曲解”；imbalance “不平衡，不安定”；sanity “明智，头脑清楚”。句意：很抱歉我迟到了。我有点精神恍惚忘记了今天还有个会议。选项A符合题意。6. 填空题One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is, of course, that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech. Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chomps to talk have met with （1） no success. Verbal Language represent a truly gigantic stop forward in mans （2）.Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls, and these certainly serve to convey some types of information. When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks, other chimps （3） the vicinity instantly become aware of the food source and hurry to join in an attacked chimpanzee screams and this may alert his mother or friend, either of （4） may hurry to his aid. A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again, other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening. A male chimpanzee, about to enter a valley or charge toward a food source, utters his pant-hoots and their individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify（5）one. To our human（6）each chimpanzee is characterized more by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call. This is significant since the pant-hoot in particular is the call that serves to maintain contact between the separated groups of the community. Yet the chimps （7） can certainly recognize individuals by other calls; for instance, a mother knows the scream of her offspring. Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintances.While chimpanzee calls（8） serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals. They cannot for the most part be compared（9） a spoken language. Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas; he can benefit from the experiences of their （10） having to be present at the time; he can make intelligent cooperative plans.【答案】1.almost2.evolution3.in4.whom5.which6.ears7.themselves8.do9.to10.without【解析】1.考查句子结构。从句子结构进行分析，可知此处需要填写一个程度副词，almost“几乎”符合题意。句意：即使是集中训练教小猩猩说话也几乎没有成功过。2.考查前后逻辑。前文提到教猩猩说话没有成功，说明语言这项技能只有人类掌握了。句意：话语行为在人类演变史上迈出了重要的一步。空格处填evolution“演变，进化”。3.考查固定搭配。in the vicinity“邻近，在附近”。4.考查指示代词。从前文推断出空格处应该填一个代词，根据前面的mother or friend可知空格处的代词是指代人，所以whom符合题意。5.考查指代代词。句意：如果一只雄性黑猩猩试图进入山谷或者抢夺食物，它会发出吼叫声，其他猩猩就会意识到有其他猩猩入侵，并且能辨别出是哪一只。which符合题意。6.考查前后逻辑。根据句子by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call可知空格处应该填写一个与听力有关的词，所以ears符合题意。7.考查反身代词。通过分析句子，可知空格处应该填写一个反身代词，themselves符合题意。8.考查助动词的用法。空格处应该填入一个表强调的词，do符合题意。9.考查固定搭配。be compared to“比作”。10.考查前后逻辑。句意：人类通过语言可以交流抽象的概念，可以从他人的经历中获益，而不需要自己亲身经历。空格处填without符合题意。7. 单选题He saw university as a community of scholars, where students were （ ）by teachers into an appreciation of different philosophical approaches.问题1选项A.extractedB.deductedC.inductedD.conducted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。extracted “提取”；deducted “扣除，减去；演绎”；inducted “引导；感应”；conducted “管理，引导；表现”。induct 和conduct都有“引导”的意思，但是前者有教授知识的意味，所以选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Cream is a yellowish oil-in-water（ ）which forms When milk is allowed to stand.问题1选项A.emulsionB.albumenC.embrocationD.yolk【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。emulsion“乳剂”；albumen“蛋白”；embrocation“擦剂”；yolk“蛋黄”。句意：奶油是一种淡黄色的水包油乳剂，牛奶凝固就可形成奶油。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题I spent most of my money in the first week and（ ）had very little to eat during the last few days of the holiday.问题1选项A.after allB.consequentlyC.otherwiseD.anyhow【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。after all“毕竟”；consequently“因此，结果”；otherwise“否则，不然”；anyhow“无论 如何，总之”。句意：我第一周就花掉了大部分的钱，因此在假期的最后几天只能吃一点点东西。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题（ ）I realized the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.问题1选项A.Even ifB.HadC.As long asD.If【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。even if“即使”；had在这里是表示动词时态的助词；as long as“只要”；if“（表示条件）如果”。句意：如果我意识到了后果，我绝对不会让自己卷进来。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题I would have come to see you had it been possible, but I（ ）so busy then.问题1选项A.had beenB.wasC.wereD.would be【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，主句用would have done，从句用一般过去式，选项B符合题意。12. 单选题When I was sent to prison, I really felt I had （ ）my parents（ ） .问题1选项A.let.offB.let.downC.let.outD.let.alone【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。let.off “放出，准许暂停工作，宽恕”；let.down “使失望；辜负”；let.out “放出，泄漏”；let.alone “更不必说”。句意：当我被送进监狱的时候，我真的觉得我让我爸妈失望了。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题My next husband will definitely be hen-pecked. Everyone laughably assumes my present one is, so I may as well have the advantage of exchanging illusion for reality.This means he will be able to mend a fuse. Being good about the house is the essential ingredient of the manageable male. All these pretensions to having green fingers as an excuse for spending the morning in the sunshine and tramping in from the garden in muddy boots are really no substitute.As a career woman, it has always been my dream to be married to a handyman. Women whose husbands are relaxed about raw plugs dont know what worry is. I would sleep peacefully at night with anyone who could tell a pair of pincers from a wire cutter. Apart from the blissful convenience; I could really at last begin to live it up.If you are buried in the depths of the country as I like to be whenever I can, it costs you a fiver just to have a bolt put on the shed door or to bribe the nearest plumber to come and look at a dripping tap. I calculate I could have a trip to the Solomon Islands every year out of the money we will save on the washers my new do-it-yourself paragon will whip on and off our taps.My next husband will not say every time. I get out the travel brochures: I do love England in the late summer; dont you think it would be nice to holiday at home? The garden is at its best then. I know what that means: staying up half the night cutting up his glut of runner beans for the deep freeze.Being a handyman, he would, of course, be an expert cook. It would be he who would rustle up an omelette at midnight after a heavy day. And he would not believe that every cooking utensil in sight was expendable. I would never again have to curse the friend who once told us that the only way to do steak was in a totally dry, red-hot frying-pan, I like charcoaled steak as much as anyone, but it comes expensive when it means charcoaling the entire kitchen too. I shall relinquish without regret the record I at present hold of being married to the only man in Britain who has ever managed to burn a boiled egg.After long and mature consideration I have come to the conclusion that the next man I marry Will be a hairdresser. Any husband who cannot back-comb his wifes hair is not worth his salt. This will mean that I w ill be able to go into every serious T.V. discussion completely light-heartedly. It wont matter a damn what I talk about. My friends will all ring up to remark: Saw you on T.V. last night, Your hair did look nice.1.It can be concluded from the passage that the authors present husband （ ）2.By giving the example of her husbands cooking steak, the author tries to prove his （ ）3.The word glut in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by （ ）4.According to the author having green fingers sometimes （ ）5.The tone of the phrase After long and mature consideration in the last paragraph can be identified as （ ）问题1选项A.has an impetuous temperB.is a cold fishC.is not a very considerate personD.is uxorious问题2选项A.frugalityB.temperanceC.his aptitudeD.ineptitude问题3选项A.exuberanceB.excessC.myriadD.flamboyance问题4选项A.can produce embarrassing glutsB.makes gardeners pull their weight in the houseC.makes gardeners run amok in the houseD.enables gardeners to keep the house clean and tidy问题5选项A.arrogantB.ironicalC.flippantD.patronizing【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章第一段My next husband will definitely be hen-pecked. Everyone laughably assumes my present one is, so I may as well have the advantage of exchanging illusion for reality提到我的下任丈夫必须是一个妻管严。每个人都认为我现在的丈夫就是一个妻管严，所以我想让这个幻想变成现实。由此可知，作者的丈夫并不是一个妻管严，不够体贴。选项C符合题意。第2题:文章第六段最后一句I shall relinquish without regret the record I at present hold of being married to the only man in Britain who has ever managed to burn a boiled egg 提到作者会毫不犹豫放弃目前创造的记录：嫁给了英国唯一一个试图烧烤煮熟的鸡蛋的人。由此可知，作者的丈夫并不擅长烹饪，没有烹饪的天赋。选项D ineptitude “愚笨”符合题意。第3题:文章第五段最后一句I know what that means: staying up half the night cutting up his glut of runner beans for the deep freeze提到熬夜割除多余的红花菜豆，然后冷藏。glut是“过多”的意思。选项B符合题意。Exuberance “茂盛”；excess “过多，过量”；myriad “无数”；flamboyance “华丽”。第4题:文章第二段提到丈夫借口精通园艺，经常穿着脏兮兮的靴子，有时也会令人窘迫，所以选项A符合题意。第5题:文章作者希望自己下任丈夫是个妻管严，接着还希望丈夫会干家务、会修理，最后决定要嫁给一个理发师，这些都是为了讽刺现实。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题She described the distribution of food and medical supplies as a（ ）nightmare.问题1选项A.paranoidB.putativeC.benignD.logistical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。paranoid“像偏执狂的；患偏执狂的”；putative“推定的，假定的，被公认的”；benign“（气候）良好的，仁慈的，和蔼的”；logistical“逻辑的，运筹的；后勤方面的”。句意：她把食物分配和医疗供应描述成是一场后勤的噩梦。选项D符合题意。15. 填空题Business and government leaders consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get （1）for the same amount of money as before，inflation is the problem. There is a general rise（2） the prices and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore”.Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the best. Retired people，for instance cannot count（3） an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to （4） their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income or any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to keep up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop（5） some necessary items，such as food and clothing. Even for working people whose incomes are going up，inflation can be a problem. The cost of living goes （6） ，too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep pace with（7） prices，the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same （8） of money，but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from （9） the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a given year as the base. The base price is set at 100，and the other prices are reported as a percentage of the base price. A price index makes （10） possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods，for example，with prices of the same goods in previous year.【答案】1.less2.in3.on4.meet5.buying6.down7.rising8.amount9.which10.it【解析】1.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在句子的前一句解释了什么是通货膨胀：消费需求增加，物价上涨，从而货币贬值。用同样的钱买到的东西比以前要少，所以空格处填less。2.考查固定搭配。在某些方面增加用介词in。3.考查固定搭配。count on“指望，依靠”，退休人员指望不上收入能够随着物价上涨而增加。4.考查固定搭配。meet ones needs“满足某人的需要”，老年人在通货膨胀的时代无法让自己的收入来满足自己的需求。5.考查动词用法。空格处所在句子的前一句句意是：许多退休人员为了跟上上涨的物价，必须要缩减自己的开支。由此可知他们放弃了很多需要购买的东西，buying符合题意。6.考查固定搭配。go down“下降”。由于通货膨胀，导致了生活开支水平下降。7.考查前后逻辑。全文一直提到物价上涨，空格处需要填写的也是一个表示物价增长的词，rising符合题意。8.考查固定搭配。the same amount of“同等数量的”。9.考查定语从句。定语从句用来修饰price indexes（价格指数），which符合题意。10.考查固定用法。make it possible“使它成为可能”。16. 单选题In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two-year-old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three-year-old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $ 750, 000.The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizers excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800s. This new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo.For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the cash nexus, although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,” Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process of sacralization of childrens lives.” Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests； this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.In stressing the cultural determinants of a childs worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “ sociological economics”，who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences”，these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their exchange” or “surrender” value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.1.It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the（ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who（ ）.3.Which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are described in the passage?4.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.5.Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of childrens worth except changes in（ ）.问题1选项A.earnings of the person at time of deathB.wealth of the party causing the deathC.degree of culpability of the party causing the deathD.amount of money that had been spent on the person killed问题2选项A.needed enormous amounts of security and affectionB.required constant supervision while workingC.were important to the economic well-being of a familyD.were unsuited to spending long hours in school问题3选项A.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children.B.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because their expected earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.C.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because the spread of humanitarian ideals resulted in a wholesale reappraisal of the worth of an individual.D.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because compulsory education laws reduced the supply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor.问题4选项A.review the literature in a new academic subfieldB.present the central thesis of a recent bookC.contrast two approaches to analyze historical changeD.refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon问题5选项A.the mortality rateB.the nature of industryC.the nature of the familyD.attitudes toward reform movements【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:文章第一句提到1986年一位两岁的小孩意外去世，其父母没有得到赔偿，因为小孩没有给家里带来收入。所以可以推断，19世纪意外死亡的赔偿是根据人能否创造经济价值来决定的。选项A符合题意。第2题:题干中的1800s与第一段的1896对应，所以19世纪早期注重的是孩子的经济价值，所以选项C符合题意。第3题:文章最后一段提到所谓的社会经济学家认为人的一切社会活动都是把金钱放在最重要的地位。（these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain），选项B符合这一原则。第4题:文章没有提到“a new academic subfield”，选项A排除；文章没有通过对比来分析历史，选项C排除；作者并没有表明对社会现象的传统解释的态度，选项D排除。所以选项B符合题意，文章主要在讲述Viviana Zelizer的 Pricing the Priceless Child这本书。第5题:第三段第二句话The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. 提到影响儿童价值的因素包括：成熟的工业体系导致童工的比重下降，出生率、死亡率尤其是儿童的死亡率下降，家庭成员间的关系。四个选项中只有D选项没有提及，所以D选项符合题意。17. 单选题Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not（ ）to a close examination.问题1选项A.keep upB.put upC.stand upD.look up【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。keep up“保持，继续”；put up“举起，抬起”；stand up“坚持，经得起”；look up“查询，拜访”。句意：尽管假钞欺骗了很多人，但是它们经不住仔细检查。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题We regret to inform you that