2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1

2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.The argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. Throughout recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. But some are more dangerous than others.For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. The sharp climb in the states murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the law about death penalty is vetoed, some people will be murdered some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.1.The principal purpose of this passage is to（ ）.2.The authors response to those who urge the death penalty for all is likely to be（ ）.3.According to Paragraph 4, it can be inferred that（ ）.4.The passage attempts to establish a relationship between（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards “death penalty” is（ ）.问题1选项A.speak for the majorityB.initiate a vetoC.criticize the governmentD.argue for the value of the death penalty问题2选项A.negativeB.friendlyC.supportiveD.hostile问题3选项A.the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States todayB.the second type of murderers should be sentenced to deathC.the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importanceD.the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated问题4选项A.the murder rate and the imposition of the death penaltyB.the effects of execution and the effects of isolationC.the importance of equal rights and that of the death penaltyD.executions and murders问题5选项A.opposingB.supportingC.neutralD.sarcastic【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一句，“perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty.”，可知死刑是讨论最激烈的话题，所以文章的主题为死刑。又根据下文，“Many argue that it is an effective deterrent to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.”，可知许多人肯定死刑的价值，认为死刑是对谋杀罪的有效震慑，而另一些人则认为死刑没有多大的价值，因为没有足够的证据证明死刑的实施减少了谋杀的数量。又根据文章第三段，“In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action.”，可知作者认为死刑是一项必要的举措。综上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于为死刑的价值作辩护。选项D符合题意。2.观点态度题。根据文章第四段，“it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. .While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”，可知一种是在盲目愤怒的时候夺走别人的生命，一种是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策划和实施对一个或多个人的谋杀。前者可以仅仅通过社会隔离的方式受惩罚，而后者则不然。可知作者认为要根据谋杀程度来选择死刑。所以作者对那些主张对所有人判处死刑的人的反应很可能是否定的。选项A符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据文章第四段，“While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”，第一种谋杀罪犯（盲目愤怒的时候夺走别人的生命）应该仅仅被社会隔离，而第二种冷酷地策划和实施对一个或多个人的谋杀的罪犯不应该仅仅被隔离，而是应该被处以死刑。可判断出第二类杀人犯应该被处以死刑。选项B符合题意。4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“The sharp climb in the states murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亚的例子得出结论。本州谋杀率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止实施的结果，可以清楚地表明，死刑确实制止了许多谋杀的念头。可判断出作者想要讨论的是死刑的实施和谋杀率的关系。选项A符合题意。5.观点态度。纵观全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的观点“死刑是一项必要的举措”，然后在下文通过论述和实例证明，死刑的实施确实有助于抑制谋杀率。可判断出作者对于实施死刑的态度是支持的。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题To my surprise, all the students in our class（ ）against having to do three hours homework each evening.问题1选项A.rebelledB.rivaledC.ridiculedD.rifled【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。rebel against“反抗”；rival“与竞争”；ridicule“嘲笑”，rifle“抢夺”。本句意为“令我吃惊的是，我们班所有的学生都反对每天晚上必须做三个小时的家庭作业”。因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题Their success in increasing the market share resulted from their break-through in（ ）of the product configuration.问题1选项A.qualityB.stereotypeC.adsD.maintenance【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项quality“品质、质量”；B选项stereotype“老套、成见”；C选项ads“广告”；D选项maintenance“维持、保养”，句意为：他们之所以能成功地提高市场份额，是因为他们在产品配置的质量上取得了突破。quality“品质、质量”符合题意，因此选A。4. 单选题The village moved further and further away from the city；as a result, links with the outside community have（ ）.问题1选项A.witheredB.shortenedC.shearedD.reduced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。wither“枯萎凋谢（一般指植物）”；shorten“变短（一般指距离）”；reduce“减少”。本句意为“农村距离城市越来越远，因此，与外界的联系也会减少”， 与外界联系减少用reduce。因此选D。5. 单选题The importance of（ ）can never be neglected when it comes to fulfilling ones military missions.问题1选项A.popularityB.peculiarityC.punctualityD.potentiality【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项popularity“受欢迎的、名气”；B选项peculiarity“特质、特性”；C选项punctuality“准时、守时”；D选项potentiality“潜能、潜力”，句意为：在完成军事任务时，守时的重要性是不可忽视的。punctuality“准时、守时”符合题意，选项C正确。6. 单选题The last half of the nineteenth century （ ）the steady improvement in the means of travel.问题1选项A.toldB.declaredC.viewedD.witnessed【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项tell“告诉、讲述”；B选项declare“宣布、申明”；C选项view“观察”；D选项witness“目击、见证”，句意为：19世纪后半期见证了交通工具的不断改进。D选项符合句意。7. 单选题Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field,（ ）the same company.问题1选项A.all elseB.much worseC.less likelyD.let alone【答案】D【解析】考查语义辨析。A选项all else“其他所有”；B选项much worse“更糟糕的是”；C选项less likely“更不可能的是”；D选项let alone“更不必说”，句意为：如今想在同一个领域干一辈子的工人越来越少，更不用说同一个公司了。D选项符合句意，因此选D。8. 单选题Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his subject,（ ）extensively outside of it.问题1选项A.much more to readB.much less to readC.still more readingD.much less reading【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。因题干中谓语动词find 的真正宾语为to read.，所以选项中也应有不定式。因此可排除含有动名词reading 的C项和D项。A项中的 much more意为“更加，何况”，与题干语意相矛盾。B项 much less 意为“更不用说，更何况”，符合题意。9. 单选题According to government statistics, men of all social classes in Britain visit pubs（1）regularly,（2）the kind of pub they go to（3）be different and their reasons（4）going there（5）, too. Nowadays they often take their wives or girlfriends, which used（6）.The fact is that the typical English pub is changing,（7）because of the licensing laws（8）so strict（9）they were, but also because publicans are trying to（10）with the old Victorian（11）of the pub and provide couples with an atmosphere where they（12）enjoy themselves. Pub used not to open except（13）certain times. The result was that they were usually coupled with men who seemed（14）as much as possible in the time（15）. But that kind of pub is quickly becoming a thing of（16）.Opening hours are still limited to eight hours（17）day, but the publican can now choose which hours（18）him best. And these days you can（19）get a cup of coffee if you prefer it to beer. But in spite of this the Puritans would never dream（20）that a pub could become a repeatable place.问题1选项A.veryB.justC.quiteD.ever问题2选项A.thoughB.howeverC.so thatD.in case问题3选项A.mayB.maybeC.shouldD.could问题4选项A.whyB.forC.inD.on问题5选项A.varyB.variedC.variousD.varying问题6选项A.to be not the caseB.not to be the caseC.to be not the factD.not to be the fact问题7选项A.partlyB.partC.in partD.in parts问题8选项A.areB.being notC.not beingD.were问题9选项A.thatB.asC.likeD.as to问题10选项A.make wayB.do awayC.take awayD.move away问题11选项A.imageB.viewC.drawingD.painting问题12选项A.just canB.can bothC.can tooD.also can问题13选项A.onB.atC.inD.for问题14选项A.to drinkB.to be drunkC.to be drinkingD.drunk问题15选项A.idealB.freeC.properD.available问题16选项A.pastB.the pastC.beforeD.pass问题17选项A.aB.theC.eachD.an问题18选项A.are fitB.suitableC.fitsD.suit问题19选项A.neverB.yetC.stillD.even40.问题20选项A.of admittingB.to admitC.of being admiredD.admitted【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:C第11题:B第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查副词辨析。very和quite都是程度副词，用于修饰形容词或者副词，但语气和用法不同，quite意为“相当、非常”，句意：根据政府的统计数据，英国各个社会阶层的男人都经常光顾酒吧。由此可知去酒吧的频率是很高的，因此选项C正确。2.考查语义关系。由上句“英国各个社会阶层的男人都经常光顾酒吧”和下句句意“他们去酒吧的种类和原因也可能各不相同”可推测句意关系为转折关系，因此选项B正确。3.考查情态动词辨析。may表示“可能”，表示可能性；should“应该、应当”，常用于纠正别人，提出或征询建议；could“能够”，用于询问是否可做某事。句意：他们去酒吧的种类和原因也可能各不相同。may符合句子句意，因此选项A正确。4.考查固定搭配。reason for表示“的原因”，句意：他们去酒吧的种类和原因也可能各不相同。因此选项B正确。5.考查语义关系。various各种各样的、多方面的。句意：他们去酒吧的种类和原因也可能各不相同。因此选项C正确。6.考查固定搭配。used to be the case意为“以前是这样的”，根据句意应为否定，句意：现在他们经常带着妻子或女朋友，而以前不是这样的。因此选项B正确。7.考查语义辨析。句意：事实上，典型的英国酒吧正在发生变化，部分原因是营业执照法不像以前那么严格了。partly为副词，这里表程度，用作状语修饰because of the licensing laws not being so strict，营业执照法没有以前那么严格只是一部分原因，因此选项A正确。8.考查语义辨析。句意：事实上，典型的英国酒吧正在发生变化，部分原因是营业执照法不像以前那么严格了。由此可知选项C正确。9.考查语义辨析。句意：事实上，典型的英国酒吧正在发生变化，部分原因是营业执照法不像以前那么严格了。这里为as引导的比较状语从句，由此可知选项B正确。10.考查固定搭配。make way让路；take away带走、消除、减去；move away离开、搬走。句意：也是因为酒吧老板们想要改变酒吧原有的维多利亚时代的形象，为情侣们提供一种双方都能玩得开心的氛围。因此选项C正确。11.考查名词辨析。image“影像、想象”；view“观察、视野”；drawing“图画”；painting“油画、绘画”。句意：也是因为酒吧老板们想要改变酒吧原有的维多利亚时代的形象，为情侣们提供一种双方都能玩得开心的氛围。因此选项A正确。12.考查语义关系。句意：也是因为酒吧老板们想要改变酒吧原有的维多利亚时代的形象，为情侣们提供一种双方都能玩得开心的氛围。句中提到情侣，因此选项B正确。13.考查固定搭配。at certain times在某些时候，句意：酒馆过去只在特定时间开放。因此选项B正确。14.考查固定搭配。句意：结果是，她们身边的男性似乎在时间允许的情况下尽可能多地喝酒。seem to be后接doing形式，因此选项C正确。15.考查形容词辨析。ideal“理想的”；free“自由的”；proper“适当的”；available“可获得的”。句意：结果是，她们身边的男性似乎在时间允许的情况下尽可能多地喝酒。选项D符合题意，因此选项D正确。16.考查固定搭配。a thing of the past已成为过去，句意：但这种酒吧正迅速成为过去式。因此选项B正确。17.考查冠词辨析。句意：酒店的营业时间仍然限制在一天8小时。一天表达为a day，表示泛指，因此选项A正确。18.考查动词辨析。句意：酒店的营业时间仍然限制在每天8小时，但酒店老板现在可以选择最适合自己的营业时间。hours为复数形式，因此选项D正确。19.考查副词辨析。句意：现在，如果你更喜欢咖啡而不是啤酒，你甚至可以喝一杯咖啡。因此选项D正确。20.考查介词辨析。句意：尽管如此，清教徒们却从未想过承认，一家酒吧可以成为一个可复制的地方。dream of梦想、预见，后接ing形式，因此选项A正确。10. 单选题NASA is casting a net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft to swing out of control and（ ）moments before it was to land.问题1选项A.disassembleB.disembarkC.neglectedD.discarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disassemble“拆开、分散”；B选项disembark“登陆、上岸”；C选项neglected“忽视、疏忽”；D选项discarded“丢弃”，句意为：美国国家航空航天局正在对航天飞机展开调查，以查明是什么原因导致航天飞机在着陆前失控。B选项符合句意。11. 单选题This experienced author was able to（ ）the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college.问题1选项A.suppressB.compressC.expressD.depress【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项suppress“抑制、镇压”；B选项compress“压缩、精简”；C选项express“表达”；D选项depress“使沮丧、降低”，句意为：这位经验丰富的作家能够表达他没有资格进入大学这一事实。express“表达”符合句意，因此选项C正确。12. 单选题Eating disorders have been most commonly associated with women and therefore most studies on anorexia nervosa have been concentrated within the female population. Such gender bias however makes it less likely that a doctor will diagnose a male as having an eating disorder or anorexia nervosa even though the symptoms might be identical.Men are far less likely to discuss an eating disorder with other men or with women. Their doctors are more likely to diagnose them as having a bout of depression due to stress or some kind of upset rather than suffering from an eating disorder because such disorders have been largely labeled female diseases. This is mostly due to cultural differences between men and women.Discussions about beauty, new diets and body weight are seen as the female arena of discussion that males seldom enter. Also, traditionally mens beauty is displayed in body mass, building muscle, and body building and therefore to discuss issues surrounding weight loss is not seen as particularly masculine because men “Dont have psychological problems” and “Dont talk about their feelings” even though men do suffer from anorexia.The disease is far more common in the Western world than anywhere else and there is much cause for concern as recent research suggests that the disease is on the increase. The disease mostly manifests itself during adolescence when the signs of obvious weight loss become apparent. People who suffer from the disease have a genuine and constant terrifying fear of gaining weight, even when their weight is much less than people of their same height and stature.Doctors have been able to characterize the disease because the sufferers body weight is about 15% below average for their height. Suffers also tend to avoid fatty foods, use laxatives, diuretics or engage in excessive exercise. Because people live in a world obsessed with image and a fashion and cosmetics industry that forces an image of the ideal body, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between anorexics and those who have a higher interest in their physical appearance than most people. Anorexics can be distinguished from non-anorexics because weight loss is completely self-induced vomiting until eventually the situation fast gets out of control.Sufferers are also completely preoccupied with their bodies and actually believe themselves to be fat when in reality they are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers. They also begin to lose interest in activities their peers are involved in such as socializing and very often become withdrawn. These are common symptoms in many adolescents but coupled with the obvious and drastic weight loss and lack of concentration it is easier to diagnose an adolescent with the beginning stages of anorexia.The actual cause of the disease is unknown but scientists believe that biological and social factors play a role and sometimes the disease can be triggered by traumatic events such as a death in the family, stress or the onset of puberty.While it is true that most sufferers of the disease are female, some 10% are male. Studies show that there are differences between male and female anorexics. Female sufferers tend to view themselves as fatter, more overweight than males with the same condition. Males tend to engage in less self-induced vomiting, take fewer laxatives and diuretics, are more motivation but have more physical complaints. It has also been suggested that there is a link between homosexuality and males afflicted by the disease. The actual figure is unknown and it is important to understand that such a link does not indicate that all male sufferers of anorexia nervosa or eating disorder are homosexual. Also there tends to be a higher rate in suicide attempts in male sufferers. The biggest problem, however, is diagnosing male anorexia or eating disorder because of the common belief that such diseases are essentially female although the medical profession is more aware of male anorexia than ever before.Sufferers can go many years without treatment but eventually sufferers lose more body weight, as much as 25%-30%, which leads to chronic illness and even death. The mortality rate is as high as 5%. Others are lucky because sometimes the onset of the disease can temporarily complete recovery.There is treatment for sufferers of this terrible disease. In some cases sufferers are treated by medication, usually when the disease is accompanied by severe depression. Usually though, sufferers are referred to a psychologist or a therapist and are encouraged to join self-help groups and are counseled by people who have first-hand experience of the disease themselves.1.Why might a doctor wrongly diagnose an eating disorder in males as stress related?2.In paragraph 3, why does the author infer that male beauty is different from female beauty?3.In paragraph 5, why does the author say that its sometimes difficult to distinguish non-anorexics from genuine sufferers?4.In paragraph 5, which of the following statements most accurately reflects the authors opinion about the fashion and cosmetics industry?5.In paragraph 6, why does the author state that in reality sufferers are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers?问题1选项A.Men suffer from stress much more than women.B.Women are much more likely to be concerned about their appearance.C.The statistics are far higher in women.D.Some diseases are thought to affect women more than men.问题2选项A.Women think make-up is necessary to make them look beautiful.B.Its not considered very manly to discuss fashion and ones appearance.C.Men think women find muscles attractive.D.Male beauty focuses on the physical aspects of the body.问题3选项A.Our societies have become preoccupied with appearance.B.Most people these days avoid eating fatty foods.C.Exercise has become a recognized health hazard.D.Most young want to have the ideal body weight.问题4选项A.It is responsible for a lot of suffering among young adults.B.It is the root of all eating disorders because people want to be thin.C.It projects an unattainable image of perfection.D.It has produced a society that judges people by appearance.问题5选项A.To explain that the disease is caused by the weight loss problem.B.To argue that peer pressure can cause stress to some people.C.To point out that obsession with their bodies resulted in the problems.D.To persuade that sufferers have serious psychological problems.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。定位到文章第一段，Eating disorders have been most commonly associated with women and therefore most studies on anorexia nervosa have been concentrated within the female population.（饮食失调通常与女性有关，因此大多数关于神经性厌食症的研究都集中在女性人群中）表明这项调查对女性的研究统计更多，因此选项C符合题意。2.事实细节题。定位到文章三段，Also, traditionally mens beauty is displayed in body mass, building muscle，and body building（此外，传统上，男性的美体现在体重、肌肉和健美上）这句话表明男性更多关注身体在物理方面的养成，因此选项D符合题意。3.观点态度题。定位到文章第五段，Because people live in a world obsessed with image and a fashion and cosmetics industry that forces an image of the ideal body（因为人们生活在一个被形象所困扰的世界，时尚和化妆品行业迫使人们树立理想身材的形象）表明医生难以区分厌食症患者和那些比大多数人更关注自己外表的人是由于大多数人都想有理想身材，因此选项D符合题意。4.观点态度题。定位到文章第五段，fashion and cosmetics industry that forces an image of the ideal body（时尚和化妆品行业迫使人们树立理想身材的形象）表明作者认为时尚和化妆品行业是促使人们保持身材的源头，因此选项B符合题意。5.作者意图题。定位到文章第六段，Sufferers are also completely preoccupied with their bodies and actually believe themselves to be fat when in reality they are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers. They also begin to lo