2022-2023年考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第34期

2022-2023年考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题We will see（ ） the children are properly educated.问题1选项A.to themB.to thatC.to it whetherD.to it that【答案】D【解析】考查语法。see to it that “确保，务必”，句意：我们必须确保孩子们是被正确地教育的。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题What percentage of the population in a modem technological society is, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.Technology and the division of labor have done two things： by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “getting ones teeth into a problem”.1.According to the passage, the writer believes the majority of the population（ ）2.According to the passage, technology and division of labour have done all of the following EXCEPT（ ）3.What can be inferred from the passage about special strength and skill?4.According to the passage aristocracy dealt with boredom by（ ）5.Which of the following is one of the amusements of the masses?问题1选项A.are unhappy with what they do.B.will get bigger in their number in the future.C.agree with him on his classification.D.are in the fortunate position of being workers.问题2选项A.increasing the joy of the paid occupations.B.making skill and special strength unnecessary in work.C.causing jobs to be dull labour.D.decreasing working hours问题3选项A.Special strength and skill must be abandoned if people want to enjoy their work.B.Special strength and skill are necessary for people to find their work enjoyable.C.Special strength or skill causes work to be boringD.Special strength or skill reduces the number of necessary labouring hours.问题4选项A.enjoying more leisure.B.working with labourers.C.demanding difficult work for the masses.D.ritualizing their time.问题5选项A.HuntingB.GamblingC.Foolish acts of violenceD.Doing scientific research【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文章内容，作者在首段提出讨论点：有多少人会和自己一样对于成为一名工人而感到幸运。然而，在第二段就给出了答案，大多数人并不是快乐的。“which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor,”，这句表明从前愉快的工作变成了一种无聊的劳动，对于工人来说，解决无聊的问题也是很困难的。选项A符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，劳动技术的分工所做的工作包括消除特殊技能在工作中的使用、把过去愉快的工作变成无聊的劳动、缩短工作时间。所以选项A并未提及，选项A符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段第一句，“by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skillformerly were enjoyable work into boring labor”，通过消除特殊技能和力量使工作变得厌倦无聊，反过来说，需要特殊技能的工作可以使工人变得愉快。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. 前者提到了社会大众，后者提到贵族来形成对比，选项D符合题意。5.细节理解题。“the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to huntdriving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence.”根据第三段这句话可知，可以在危险驾驶、吸毒和暴力行为中找到和贵族类似的娱乐方式。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题A team of researchers（ ） the problem of diseases connected with contaminated milk.问题1选项A.addressB.interactC.wonderD.react【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。address “处理” ;interact “相互作用” ;wonder “想知道”; react “反应”。句意：一组研究人员把这种疾病和被污染的牛奶联系起来。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题The teacher role is not simply to（ ）knowledge to student; he should also set a good example for them.问题1选项A.provideB.impartC.shareD.stretch【答案】B【解析】动词词义解析。provide “提供”；impart “传授，给予”；share“分享，分担”，stretch“伸展，消耗”。句意：教师的责任不仅仅是给学生传授知识，也应该树立起一个好的榜样。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the （1 ）half of the 19th century; most of（2 ）were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day-nursery movement received great（3 ）during the First World War, when（4 ）of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries, nurseries were established（5 ） in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. （6 ）the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose（7 ）, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, （8 ）, Federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control（9 ）the day nurseries, chiefly by（10 ） them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.问题1选项A.latterB.otherC.lateD.first问题2选项A.thoseB.themC.whoseD.which问题3选项A.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiative问题4选项A.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reduction问题5选项A.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.even问题6选项A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Although问题7选项A.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militantly问题8选项A.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreover问题9选项A.overB.inC.atD.about问题10选项A.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensing【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:A第10题:A【解析】（1）上下文语义题。根据上文中提到1954年，时间应该为19世纪后期，故选项A符合题意。（2）代词词义解析。本句为一个独立的简单句，所以课排除关系代词whose 和which，those意思是他们的形容词性物主代词，选项B符合题意。（3）名词词义解析。impetus “推动”；input “输入”；imitation “模仿”；initiative “主动权”。句意：日托所运动在一战期间受到了极大的推动力。选项A符合题意。（4）上下文语境题。sources “来源”；abundance “丰富：充裕”；shortage “短缺”；reduction “减少”。此句的意思应该表示男性劳动力的短缺，选项C符合题意。（5）逻辑关系考查题。根据上下文，这里是对建立日托所运动的一个进一步说明。所以用even甚至这个单词。选项D符合题意。（6）逻辑关系考查题。文章中的“without government aid of any kind” 与“under direct government sponsorship” 存在鲜明对比，意思完全相反，所以有转折意思。选项D符合题意。（7）考查副词。unanimously “无异议地”；sharply “急剧地”；predominantly “支配地” ；militantly “好战地”。句意：在美国，托儿所的数量急速增长，政府并未给予援助。选项B符合题意。（8）逻辑关系考查。根据上下文，此句存在转折意义。选项C符合题意。（9）固定短语考查。考查介词搭配，control over “控制”，选项A符合题意。（10）动词词义辨析。formulating “规范”；labeling “贴标签”；patenting “取得的专利权”；licensing “批准”。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation t resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.1 would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archaeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preser-vation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavators grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all lo appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in clamming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong. I refer to the thousand pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as l melekh handles have been found in abundancemore than 4000 examples so far. The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds； as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes. 1.The primary purpose of the passage is to propose（ ）2.The author implies that all the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT（ ）.3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?4.The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?问题1选项A.an alternative to museum display of artifactsB.a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological professionC.the governmental regulation of archaeological sitesD.a new system for cataloguing duplicate artifacts问题2选项A.A market for such artifacts already existsB.Such artifacts seldom have scientific valueC.Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifactsD.Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already catalogued in museum collections问题3选项A.Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.B.Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.C.Such artifacts often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.D.Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.问题4选项A.An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.B.Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.C.Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.D.Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more commonplace.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。第一段介绍了考古界面临的问题。根据文章第二段，“make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging.”作者是想提出一种方法解决考古的两个问题，一个是资金问题，另一个是非法挖掘的问题。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“there is the problem of illegal excavation t resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.”。可知非法挖掘导致了艺术品卖出高价，存在这样的市场，所以A项可排除。根据文章第三段，“you may be correct in clamming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.”，可知认为每件工艺品都有价值是错的，选项B可排除。根据文章最后一段，“The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future.”，可知博物馆已经没有足够的空间，无法储藏未来可能会被发现的文物，说明已经储藏了很多这样的文物，所以选项C可排除。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds”可知由于储存空间不够，没有足够的资金把它们编入目录，一旦被放进去就难以被找到。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all lo appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder.”，可知人们认为古代文物是供人们欣赏的，而不是卖出高价，所以人们会反对被展出的文物卖给私人收藏家。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题问题1选项A.responseB.answerC.correspondenceD.echo【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。response“反响，反应”；answer“回答，答案”；correspondence“通信，一致”；echo“回音”。句意：他刊登在报纸上的广告受到了很好的反响，她受到了一百多封申请信。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive “Young Yale” movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard University simultaneously rallied to relieve the Universitys poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standard in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard University, where Dr. Charles Elliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the five years of Dr. Elliot administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study or another was opened up science, music，the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philosophy, and international law.1.The passage mainly deals with（ ）2.According to the passage, what can be inferred about Harvard University before the innovations?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about old-style classical education?4.Which of the following is not true?问题1选项A.innovations in the United States higher education in the late 1800s.B.Harvard University graduates success.C.the development of Harvard University.D.the aggressive “Young Yale” movement.问题2选项A.Courses were more practical.B.Educators laid great stress on the maturity in student life.C.Admission standards were higher.D.Students were younger.问题3选项A.Most students majored in law.B.The courses were too difficult.C.The curriculum was not reasonable.D.Students could get Masters degree in the liberal arts.问题4选项A.Several leaders in education made great efforts to promote the educational innovations.B.Church leaders influenced education a lot before the progressive change.C.College entrance requirements were elevated in the late 1800s.D.The sense of public duty was neglected in the late 1800s.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文章第一句可以了解到，美国高等教育发生了改变，从而激发了现代化的推进，导致的原因主要有三个，由此可见本文要讨论美国高等教育的发展。选项A符合题意。2.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，“and the fostering of greater maturity in student life”，可以看出目的是培养学生变得更加成熟，比较级greater表明在之前学生就已经是成熟的。选项B符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，哈佛大学对其古典教育进行了彻底性的改革，包括课程和选课制度的发展，文科研究生学习的认可，提高法律的职业培训水平等等。所以只有课程设置的不合理是古典教育的内容，选项C符合题意。4.判断是非题。根据文章第一段，可知A项正确；根据第二段第三句可知C项正确，B和D项都可以根据文章第一段最后一句可判断。只有D选项违背原文意思。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Any property that a bankrupt person may still have is usually divided among the various people to whom money are owed.问题1选项A.propertyB.may still haveC.amongD.are owed【答案】D【解析】根据题中的money为不可数名词，可知D选项应该用is owed，句意：破产人的财产仍然会被分给债权人。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic（ ）for their child.问题1选项A.ambitionsB.intentionsC.propositionsD.aspirations【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。ambition “野心”；intention “目的”；proposition “提议”；aspiration “抱负”。句意：只有一个孩子的父母对他们孩子的学业有更高的期望。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题As computer security systems become even more advanced, （ ）the methods of those who try to break into them illegally.问题1选项A.so much doB.so too doC.as much asD.as well as【答案】A【解析】语法知识题。空格的句子为主句，C和D选项句子不完整，A选项是倒装句。句意：随着电脑安全系统的越来越先进，也出现越来越多先进的方法非法闯入系统。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题The work in the office was（ ） by a constant stream of visitors.问题1选项A.confusedB.hamperedC.reversedD.perplexed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confuse “使混乱，使困惑”；hamper “妨碍，束缚”；reverse “颠倒，倒转”；perplex “使困惑，使为难”。句意：办公室的工作被接连不断的来访人员妨碍了。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题Using many symbols make （ ） to put a large amount of information on a single map.问题1选项A.possibleB.it possibleC.it is possibleD.that possible【答案】B【解析】语法知识。it 做形式宾语，后面用动词不定式to do 接真正的宾语。句意：用大量的符号把大量的信息放在一张图上成为可能。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题The spontaneity of children s artwork sets it apart from the regulated uniformity of much of what otherwise go on in traditional elementary classrooms.问题1选项A.setsB.apart fromC.much ofD.go on【答案】D【解析】根据题中“much of those”可知，D选项中go应该用第三人称单数形式“goes”，句意：儿童艺术作品的自发性有别于传统小学课堂上的规范的一致性。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题That man claimed to be a(n) （ ）of Confucius.问题1选项A.descendingB.ascendingC.descendantD.offspring【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。Descending “下降”， ascending“上升”，descendant “后裔；子孙 ”，offspring “后代；产物”，offspring 作复数，句意：那个人自称是孔子的后代。所以C符合题意。16. 单选题No president who performs his duties faithfully and （ ） can have any leisure.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.conscientiouslyC.nervouslyD.piously【答案】B【解析】形近异义词辨析。consistently “一贯地，一致地”；conscientiously “良心上，切实”；nervously “紧张地”；piously “虔诚地”。句意：所有忠诚一如既往坚持职责的主席都不会有空闲时间。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题As our work is not done yet, Im in no（ ） to go out for a movie tonight.问题1选项A.mindB.temperC.moodD.disposition【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。A, B, D选项均没有这种搭配，in no mood 为固定搭配，意为“没有心情”。句意：我们的工作还没完成，我今晚没有心情出去看电影。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题His family watched until the plane （ ） behind the clouds.问题1选项A.lostB.escapedC.fledD.vanished【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。lose“使迷路，遗失”；escape “逃跑,逃避”；flee “逃走”；vanish “消失”。句意：他的家人们看着飞机直到它消失在云后。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题Even today, when air and road travel has made Africa so readily accessible to Europeans and Americans, there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfamiliar lies hidden everywhere, and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity. Basically, the essence of our reaction to the strange, the unfamiliar, is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse uneasewhether it be some remote Alpine valley, the wild lavender fields of Upper Province, or a lonely Norwegian fjord at twilight. But in my own experience West Africa contains more weird and eerie regionsrain-forest, m