2022-2023年考博英语-江西师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第33期

2022-2023年考博英语-江西师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题It is an inescapable fact that to most people _ when failing powers of mind or body make it impossible for them to manage their daily lives without some sort of help.问题1选项A.whose time comesB.for whom time comesC.it comes timeD.there comes a time【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. whose time comes 的时候到了 B. for whom time comes 对于某人来说时候到了C. it comes time 时候到了 D. there comes a time 有这么一个时候【考查点】固定句式。【解题思路】由空格后面的when可知，there comes a time when为常用的固定句式，表示“时候到了，有这么一个时候”。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】Fact后面是that引导的同位语从句，不能用whose或者whom来充当从句中的主语，A、B选项不符合从句语法；C选项没有这个用法，排除。【句意】对大多数人来说，有这么一个时候，当心智或身体力量的衰退使他们在没有某种帮助的情况下无法管理他们的日常生活，这是一个不可避免的事实。2. 单选题During the initial stages of instructed L2 acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, requires mastery of a considerably larger number of words. It is therefore necessary at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to copy the natural (largely incidental) L1 word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, because, on account of their low frequency, they do not occur often enough in the L2 learning material.Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies such as contextual deduction is also not a solution for a number of reasons. There appears to be no alternative to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be presented in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual word lists seems an attractive shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term retention, however, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.Any suggestions on how to implement this in pedagogic contexts should be based on a systematic analysis of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, that is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating optimal conditions for the acquisition process. This article sets out to describe a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CAVOCA) which tries to do precisely this: the programme operationalizes current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its contents are based on a systematic inventory of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To establish its efficiency, the programme was contrasted in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.36. From what the author said in Paragraph 1, we can infer that _.37. One of the most effective ways to master a larger number of vocabulary for a comparatively long lime may fall on _.38. What does the word “pedagogic” in Paragraph 3 mean?39. According to the third paragraph, the CAVOCA programme aims to _.40. The best title of this passage should be _.问题1选项A.L2 students should make full use of incidental acquisition of the words to enlarge their vocabularyB.advanced students should master at least a couple thousand high frequency wordsC.advanced students should acquire a larger number of words so as to improve their functional language competenceD.it is impossible for L2 students to master a larger number of words in a short time问题2选项A.presentation in bilingual word listsB.contextual presentationC.presentation in isolationD.attractive presentation问题3选项A.of teachingB.practicalC.followingD.difficult问题4选项A.select the relevant vocabularyB.create optimal conditionsC.bring current theoretical thinking about word acquisition to a better useD.find out the best approach to enlarge L2 students vocabulary问题5选项A.Computer Assisted Second Language Vocabulary AcquisitionB.An Abstract of Computer Assisted Second Language Vocabulary AcquisitionC.A Systematic Approach to Improve Vocabulary AcquisitionD.An Abstract of Systematic Approach to Improve Vocabulary Acquisition【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】36.【选项释义】36. From what the author said in Paragraph 1, we can infer that _. 36. 从作者在第一段所说的，我们可以推断_。A. L2 students should make full use of incidental acquisition of the words to enlarge their vocabulary A. 第二语言学生应充分利用词汇的偶然习得来扩大词汇量B. advanced students should master at least a couple thousand high frequency words B. 高级学生应该掌握至少两千个高频词汇C. advanced students should acquire a larger number of words so as to improve their functional language competence C. 高级学生应掌握大量的词汇，以提高其功能语言能力D. it is impossible for L2 students to master a larger number of words in a short time D. 第二语言的学生不可能在短时间内掌握大量的单词【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】定位至文章第一段，从第二句“功能语言熟练需要掌握大量的单词”，以及第三句“因此，在语言习得的中高级阶段，有必要在短时间内学习大量的词汇”，可知，中高级学生在语言习得阶段，必须掌握大量的词汇，而功能语言也需要掌握大量单词；综合理解可推断，中高级学生应该掌握大量的词汇来提高功能语言能力。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项定位第一段最后一句“偶然习得这些单词只有在一定程度上是可能的，因为它们出现的频率很低”，可推断A项“第二语言学生应充分利用词汇的偶然习得来扩大词汇量”是错误的，反向干扰；B选项在文中只是提到“学习大量词汇”，“高级学生应该掌握至少两千个高频词汇”中的具体数字无法从文中推断，无中生有；D选项“第二语言的学生不可能在短时间内掌握大量的单词”中的impossible使用太绝对，而且也与原文相反，反向干扰。37.【选项释义】37. One of the most effective ways to master a larger number of vocabulary for a comparatively long lime may fall on _. 37. 在较长时间内掌握大量词汇最有效的方法之一可能是_。A. presentation in bilingual word lists A. 使用双语单词表B. contextual presentation B. 情境呈现C. presentation in isolation C. 孤立地呈现D. attractive presentation D. 吸引人的表达方式【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】第二段主要描述的是学习词汇的各种方法及其可行性，根据第二段最后一句“情境呈现似乎是可取的（contextual presentation seems advisable）”，综合理解可知，contextual presentation（情境呈现）在掌握大量词汇上是可行的。因此，该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项定位至第二段最后两句“用双语单词列表展示似乎是一个很有吸引力的捷径，因为它比情境呈现花费的时间更少，而且能产生优秀的短期效果。然而，长期留存率往往令人失望”，从最后一句的however转折可知，“使用双语单词表”不是一个有效的办法，该项反向干扰；C选项“孤立地呈现”虽然在第二段有提到，但是并没有讲述它是否是一个有效的办法，该项曲解原文；D选项“吸引人的表达方式”没有提及，无中生有。38.【选项释义】38. What does the word “pedagogic” in Paragraph 3 mean? 38. 第三段中的“pedagogic”是什么意思？A. of teaching A. 教学的B. practical B. 实际的C. following C. 接着的D. difficult D. 困难的【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据关键词pedagogic定位至第三段第一句“任何关于如何在pedagogic情境中（in pedagogic contexts）实施这一方法的建议，都应以第二语言词汇学习问题的两个极其重要的方面进行系统性地分析为基础”，其中pedagogic是修饰contexts（情境）；这一句是对上一段的衔接，上一段是讨论了各种单词习得的方法，最后得出“情境呈现（contextual presentation）似乎是可取的”，而与情境呈现相关的是教学，所以推测pedagogic指“教学的”的意思。故该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“实际的”、C选项“接着的”和D选项“困难的”属于曲解原文。39.【选项释义】39. According to the third paragraph, the CAVOCA programme aims to _. 39. 根据第三段，CAVOCA计划的目标是_。A. select the relevant vocabulary A. 选择适中的词汇量B. create optimal conditions B. 创造最佳条件C. bring current theoretical thinking about word acquisition to a better use C. 使当前关于词汇习得的理论思维得到更好的应用D. find out the best approach to enlarge L2 students vocabulary D. 找出扩大第二语言学生词汇量的最佳方法【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先定位至文章第三段，第二句对CAVOCA有描述“本文主要介绍一种努力实现这一想法的计算机辅助单词学习软件（CAVOCA），其操作原理就是单词学习的现行理论，内容就是一个系统的目录，涵盖了那些学习对象需要的词汇”，其中“这一想法”指的是第一句提到的“确定较为适中的词汇量（哪些以及有多少单词）并制定学习过程中的最优条件”，综合理解可知，CAVOCA的目的就是实现“选择适中的词汇量”和“创造最佳条件”这两种方法，而这两种属于单词习得的现行理论。综上所述，可以推断出CAVOCA计划的目标是使当前这两种词汇习得理论思维得以应用。故该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“选择适中的词汇量”和B选项“创造最佳条件”都不全面，以偏概全；D选项“找出扩大第二语言学生词汇量的最佳方法”表述不正确，CAVOCA计划是使词汇习得的两种理论办法成为可行，而不是“找出办法”，该项曲解原文。40.【选项释义】40. The best title of this passage should be _. 40. 这篇文章最好的标题应该是_。A. Computer Assisted Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition A. 计算机辅助第二语言词汇习得B. An Abstract of Computer Assisted Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition B. 计算机辅助第二语言词汇习得研究摘要C. A Systematic Approach to Improve Vocabulary Acquisition C. 提高词汇习得的系统方法D. An Abstract of Systematic Approach to Improve Vocabulary Acquisition D. 提高词汇习得的系统方法摘要【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先，定位首段和末段的核心句，首段第三句“在语言习得的中高级阶段，有必要在短时间内学习大量的词汇”，以及末段最后一句“实验结果表明，两种方法相结合的方法是最合适的”，可知该篇文章讲述的是提高词汇习得的方法；另外第二段对学习词汇的有效办法进行了详细的描述，所以文章的主旨就是“提高词汇习得的方法”。根据第三段第二句“本文（This article sets out to）描述了一个计算机辅助词汇习得程序”，可知，这篇文章是在介绍另外一篇文章，所以推断这是一篇文章的摘要。综合理解可知，D选项“提高词汇习得的系统方法摘要”最适合文章标题。【干扰项排除】A选项“计算机辅助第二语言词汇习得”和B选项“计算机辅助第二语言词汇习得研究摘要”概括不全面，以偏概全；C选项“提高词汇习得的系统方法”对文章体裁表述不正确，曲解原文。3. 单选题Mr. White is over eighty, but he still _ his position as chairman of the board and will not retire.问题1选项A.goes in forB.gets on withC.falls back onD.holds on to【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. goes in for 参加，追求 B. gets on with 在获得成功，与友好相处C. falls back on 求助于，回头再说 D. holds on to 坚持，抓住不放【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】由空格后的his position（他的职位）可知，四个选项只有D项符合，表示“保留职位”。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合句意。【句意】怀特先生已经八十多岁了，但他仍然保留着董事长的职位，不会退休。4. 单选题Five score years ago, a great American, _ symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.问题1选项A.with hisB.by himC.in whoseD.of whom【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. with his 和他的 B. by him 通过他C. in whose 在谁的 D. of whom 谁的【考查点】非限制性定语从句的用法。【解题思路】由句子可知，主谓宾结构完整，所以中间部分是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的a great American（一位伟大的美国人），所以空格处的引导词只能用who, whom或whose，而symbolic shadow（象征的影像）与a great American（一位伟大的美国人）是所属关系，所以只能用whose。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B选项不符合句子结构；D选项关系代词whom使用不正确。【句意】在一百年以前，有位伟大的美国人签署了奴隶解放宣言，而今天我们正是立足于他所象征的影像下。5. 单选题A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelleda far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, natures output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.3. Natural pollutants can play an important role in controlling air pollution for which of the following reasons?4. According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if_.5. Which of the following is best supported by the passage?问题1选项A.The economic impact of air pollution.B.What constitutes an air pollutant.C.How much harm air pollutants can cause.D.The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.问题2选项A.water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areasB.most air pollutants today can be seen or smelledC.the definition of air pollution will continue to changeD.a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities问题3选项A.They function as part of a purification process.B.They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.C.They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants.D.They have existed since the Earth developed.问题4选项A.the other substances in the area are knownB.it is in a localized areaC.the naturally occurring level is also knownD.it can be calculated quickly问题5选项A.To effectively control pollution local governments should regularly review their air pollution laws.B.One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.C.Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.D.Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. What does the passage mainly discuss? 1.文章内容主要是什么？A. The economic impact of air pollution. A. 空气污染对经济的影响。B. What constitutes an air pollutant. B. 什么构成了空气污染物。C. How much harm air pollutants can cause. C. 空气污染物能造成多大的影响。D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere. D. 添加到大气中的化合物的影响。【考查点】主旨大意题【解题思路】第一步，定位首尾两段核心句，首段的中心句是第一段第二句话“空气污染需要一个非常灵活的定义（definition），允许不断变化。”最后一段的中心句是第三段第四句“一种物质作为污染物的实际浓度不需要很大；事实上，如果我们不知道这个数值相对于该地区自然发生的浓度增加了多少，它就告诉不了我们什么。”由此可知文章是在讨论空气污染物的定义是什么，作者认为空气污染物没有具体的定义，应该随着实际情况来定义，所以答案应该选B选项“什么构成了空气污染物”。【干扰项排除】A选项“空气污染对经济的影响”，文中没有提及经济问题，属于无中生有；C选项“空气污染物能造成多大的影响”，文中没有提空气污染物的具体影响，只是讲到空气污染物这个词怎么定义，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“添加到大气中的化合物的影响”，这个只是在第二段有提及，属于以偏概全。2. 【选项释义】2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. 2. 从第一段可以推断出_。A. water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas A. 水汽在局部地区是一种空气污染物B. most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled B. 现在大多数的空气污染物都可以看见或闻到C. the definition of air pollution will continue to change C. 空气污染的定义将继续改变D. a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities D. 一种物质只有在城市里才会成为空气污染物【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第一段第二句，“空气污染需要一个非常灵活的定义，允许不断变化”。第二步寻找上下文线索，定位到文章第一段倒数第二句话“随着技术的发展和对各种化学品健康方面的知识的增加，空气污染物的清单也加长了”，综上可以推测出，污染的定义会随着各方面的知识增加而有所改变，所以C选项“空气污染的定义将继续改变”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“水汽在局部地区是一种空气污染物”，定位到第一段第五句“将来，在某些条件下，甚至水蒸气也可能（might be）被认为是空气污染物。”，这里只是作者的一种假设，是否成真还有待考察，这里属于偷换概念；B选项“现在大多数的空气污染物都可以看见或闻到”，定位到文章第一段第三句，“14世纪（in the fourteenth century），当第一部空气污染法在英格兰建立时，空气污染物仅限于可以看到或闻到的化合物这与今天已知的广泛的有害物质清单相去太远了”这是14世纪英国一项法律，现在法律已经改了，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“一种物质只有在城市里才会成为空气污染物”，定位到第二段最后一句“然而，人类生产通常发生在局部地区，如城市”，这里说的是污染物通常是人类生产活动产生，而人类生产活动通常出现在城市，不是说出现在城市的才是污染物，这里属于偷换概念。3. 【选项释义】3. Natural pollutants can play an important role in controlling air pollution for which of the following reasons? 3. 自然污染物可以在控制空气污染中发挥重要作用，是以下哪个原因?A. They function as part of a purification process. A. 它们是净化过程的一部分。B. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants. B. 它们比其他污染物的数量更多。C. They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants. C. 与其他污染物相比，它们对生物的危害更小。D. They have existed since the Earth developed. D. 自从地球发展以来它们就存在了。【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第二三句“随着地球的发展，各种化学反应改变了这些污染物的浓度；它们成为生物地球化学循环的组成部分。这些化合物可以作为一种空气净化方案（an air purification scheme），通过让化合物在全球范围内从空气中移动到水或土壤中，使自然界产生的这些化合物抵消人类活动产生的化合物”，第二步，综合理解，从这里可知是因为自然界产生的污染物是净化污染的一部分，而这些污染物产生化学反应后抵消人类产生的污染，所以才会对控制污染起作用，所以答案选A选项“它们是净化过程的一部分”。【干扰项排除】B选项“它们比其他污染物的数量更多”，文章没有提出这种污染物与其他污染物的比较，所以这里属于无中生有；C选项“与其他污染物相比，它们对生物的危害更小”，文章没有提出这种污染物与其他污染物的比较，所以这里属于无中生有；D选项“自从地球发展以来它们就存在了”，见正确选项解析，这里只是陈述一个事实，不是污染物能够控制污染的原因，这里属于偷换概念。4. 【选项释义】4. According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if_. 4. 根据文章，物质浓度水平的数值只有在_时才有用。A. the other substances in the area are known A. 该地区的其他物质是已知的B. it is in a localized area B. 它是在一个局部区域C. the naturally occurring level is also known C. 知道自然状态下的水平D. it can be calculated quickly D. 可以很快计算出来【考查点】判断推理题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内信息，第三段第四句“一种物质作为污染物的实际浓度不需要很大；事实上，如果我们不知道这个数值相对于该地区自然发生的浓度增加了多少，它就告诉不了我们什么。”由此可知，只有我们知道和自然状态下相比，某种物质增加了多少才能够去定义它是否为污染物，这里一个重要的数据就是自然状态下的数值，所以答案选C“知道自然状态下的水平”。【干扰项排除】A选项“该地区的其他物质是已知的”，见正确选项解析，是知道与自然状态相比增加的数值才会有用，不是去和其他物质作对比才有用，这里属于张冠李戴；B选项“它是在一个局部区域”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“可以很快计算出来”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】5. Which of the following is best supported by the passage? 5. 文章最支持下面哪一项?A. To effectively control pollution local governments should regularly review their air pollution laws. A. 为了有效控制污染，地方政府应该定期审查他们的空气污染法律。B. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws. B. 保护自然土地最重要的步骤之一是更好地执行空气污染法律。C. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.C. 为了建立所有空气污染物的统一限值，应该征求科学家的意见。D. Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution. D. 人类活动已经有效地减少了空气污染。【考查点】判断推理题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第二段第二三句“随着地球的发展，各种化学反应改变了这些污染物的浓度；它们成为生物地球化学循环的组成部分。这些化合物可以作为一种空气净化方案（an air purification scheme），通过让化合物在全球范围内从空气中移动到水或土壤中，使自然界产生的这些化合物抵消人类活动产生的化合物”，由此可以推断因为人类的某些活动，抵消了自然界产生的化合物（也就是污染），所以答案选D选项“人类活动已经有效地减少了空气污染”。【干扰项排除】A选项“为了有效控制污染，地方政府应该定期审查他们的空气污染法律”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“保护自然土地最重要的步骤之一是更好地执行空气污染法律”，文章主要是讲的空气污染物的定义，没有保护自然土地的问题，这里属于无中生有；C选项“为了建立所有空气污染物的统一限值，应该征求科学家的意见”，定位到第一段第二句，“空气污染需要一个非常灵活的定义，允许不断变化”，由此可知作者是不建议制定一个统一标准的，这里属于反向干扰。6. 翻译题毛主席写过：“多少事，从来急，天地转，光阴迫。一万年太久，只争朝夕。”现在就是只争朝夕的时候了，是我们两国人民攀登那种可以缔造一个新的、更美好的世界的伟大境界的高峰的时候了。本着这种精神，我请求诸位同我一起举杯，为能够导致全世界所有人民的友谊与和平的中国人民和美国人民之间的友谊，干杯。【答案】【参考译文】Chairman MAO has written: “So many deeds cry out to be done, and always urgently; the world rolls on, time presses. Ten thousand years are too long; seize the day, seize the hour!” This is the hour. This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new and a better world. In that spirit, I ask all of you to join me in raising your glasses to the friendship between the Chinese and American people that can lead to friendship and peace for all people in the world.7. 单选题Nowhere else along the coast _ such shallow water so far from land.问题1选项A.is thereB.is itC.there isD.it is【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. is there 有 B. is it 它是C. there is 有 D. it is 它是【考查点】倒装。【解题思路】Nowhere是含有否定的词语，把含有否定的词语放在句首，句子需要部分倒装，而根据along the coast（沿海），可知用there be句型符合句意。因此，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】C、D选项没有倒装；B选项并不符合句意。【句意】沿海没有其他地方有如此远离陆地的浅滩。8. 翻译题Employers need to better understand people who are disabled. Most of us take offence at the assumption that collecting Social Security Income can provide us everything we need. Unemployment is humiliating and awfully boring, and theres no meaning there. Excluding someone because he or she has a disability that does not affect performance is equivalent to wrongs such as hiring based on race. Everyone deserves to have the opportunity to do a good job, and as a result have a sense of pride in being a part of society.【答案】【参考译文】雇主需要更好地了解身体有障碍的人。一想到领取社会保障收入就能提供我们所需要的一切，我们大多数人都感到很生气。失业是耻辱的，而且非常无聊，没有任何意义。一个人的残疾并不影响他或她的工作表现，但是却因为这个而将他或她排除在外，这是错误的做法，这种错误无异于种族歧视。每个人都应该有机会做好工作，并因此对成为社会的一份子而感到自豪。9. 单选题Researchers disagree on whether the “use it or lose it” philosophy holds for cognitive (认知的) aging, but there is some evidence that keeping mentally active can slow age-related declines.At Pennsylvania State University, Sherry Willis and her husband, K. Warner Schaie, have studied 5,000 people, some since 1956. People lucky enough to avoid chronic diseases may also fare (过活) better in intellectual function, they find, perhaps because chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and reduce mental fare better, perhaps because money can buy intellectually stimulating things like travel.Education helps, too, researchers s