2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解48

2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it（ ）as well as we had hoped.问题1选项A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come off“成功，实现”；B选项go off“离开，变质”；C选项bring out“出版，生产”；D选项make out“辨认出，理解”。根据句意：在深谷里建发电站是个大胆的想法，但结果与我们原来所希望的一样。也就说，这个想法得到实现，所以选项A符合语境。2. 单选题Technological developments（ ）new skills in many industries，leaving those workers with outdated skills out of work.问题1选项A.necessitateB.associateC.negotiateD.differentiate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项necessitate“使成为必要，需要”，B选项associate“联想，联系”，C选项negotiate“谈判，商议”，D选项differentiate“区分，使有差别”。句意：技术的发展使许多行业产生了新技能，使那些拥有过时技能的工人失业。因此，A选项符合句意。3. 单选题The athlete has been accused of（ ）his performance with illegal drugs, but he firmly denies the charges.问题1选项A.enhancingB.tenderingC.dilutingD.dispensing【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项enhancing“提高”；B选项tendering“提议”；C选项diluting“稀释”；D选项dispensing“配发”。句意：这位运动员被指控使用违禁药物提高成绩，但他坚决否认这些指控。本句表示提高成绩。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题These books, which you can get at any bookstore, will give you（ ）you need.问题1选项A.all the informationB.all the informationsC.all of informationD.all of the informations【答案】A【解析】考查名词复数形式。information是不可数名词，复数形式后面不能加s，所以B、D错误。all of后面接不可数名词时，名词前必须要有定冠词the，所以C错误。因此A选项all the information正确。5. 单选题David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much（ ）to who compete well.问题1选项A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prestige“威信”；B选项regime“政体”；C选项superiority“优越”；D选项legislation“立法”。句意：在这样一个给予强者显赫声望的社会里，大卫觉得自己无用，不被社会需要。本句表示强者获得威望。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题We object to the idea that it is military force that should be（ ）in settling international disputes.问题1选项A.applied toB.resorted toC.fallen back onD.restrained from【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项applied to“向申请”；B选项resorted to“依靠、求助于”；C选项fallen back on“没有其他办法时救助”；D选项restrained from“克制”。句意：我们反对用军事力量来解决国际争端的观点。本句表示依靠军事力量，因此B选项正确。7. 单选题This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important（ ）of American life.问题1选项A.facetsB.formatsC.formulasD.fashions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项facets“方面”；B选项formats“构成”；C选项formulas“方案”；D选项fashions“风尚”。句意：这本书是关于这些基本信念和价值观如何影响美国生活的重要方面。本句表示美国生活的重要方面。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题The（ ）difference in Chinese dialect has become a problem in mutual communication among people.问题1选项A.enormousB.immenseC.imminentD.eminent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项enormous“巨大的”，指超出了正常的限度和比例；B选项immense“广大的”，侧重空间的广阔；C选项imminent“即将来临的”；D选项eminent“杰出的”。句意：汉语方言的巨大差异已经成为人与人之间交流的一个问题。本句表示差异的巨大。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题We are sorry to inform you that the shipment is not（ ）the standard in the contract.问题1选项A.due toB.according toC.prior toD.up to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项due to“由于，归功于”，B选项according to “根据按照”，C选项prior to“在.之前，先于”，D选项up to“直到，胜任”。句意：我们很抱歉地通知你方所装运的货物不符合合同规定的标准。D选项符合句意。10. 单选题While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,” she observes, “its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs？2.Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women（ ）3.According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be（ ）4.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 4, Para. 5) shows that（ ）5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.B.Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.C.Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.D.Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.问题2选项A.have limited capacity for tolerating stress.B.need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.C.are exposed to more stress.D.are more capable of avoiding stress.问题3选项A.domestic and temporary.B.durable and frequent.C.irregular and violent.D.trivial and random.问题4选项A.Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B.Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.C.Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.D.Alvarez paid practically everything by check.问题5选项A.Strain of Stress: No Way Out?B.Responses to Stress: Gender DifferenceC.Stress Analysis: What Chemicals SayD.Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是：根据前两段的内容，下列哪一项是正确的？根据原文第一段的第二句Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men（与男性相比，女性在面对压力时特别容易患上抑郁症和焦虑症）以及第二段第一句Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.（对动物和人类的研究表明，性激素会以某种方式影响应激反应，使处于压力下的女性比处于相同条件下的男性产生更多的触发化学物质。）由此可知，C选项“从生理上来看，女性更容易受到压力的影响”表述正确。故本题正确答案为C选项。2.判断推理题。题目问的是：Dr. Yehuda的研究表明女性。根据原文第三段第一句Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.（女性压力大的原因除了是因为激素增加导致压力大外，还因为增加了造成压力的“机会”。）由此可知，C选项“会承受更多的压力”正确。因此本题正确答案为C选项。3.细节事实题。题目问的是：根据第四段的内容，女性面临的压力往往是？根据第四段第二句women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.（女性所面临的压力更多是慢性或重复性的性质。）由此可知，B选项的“持久的，频繁的”符合原文表述。A选项“家庭内部的，暂时性的”；C选项“不规律的，暴力的”；D选项“琐碎的，偶然的”均不正确。4.语义推断题。题目问的是：“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思？根据原文第五段的内容可知，Alvarez作为单身母亲，有很大的生活压力，她要照顾十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租，付汽车费用，还要还债务。由此可见，她的工资早已捉襟见肘，难以支撑家庭开支。选项C与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是：这篇文章最恰当的标题是？本文通过讲述两性在生理以及实际生活中的差异，描述了女性在压力面前的表现，侧重分析了女性压力大的主要原因。A选项没有集中于体现男女之间的差异，因此A选项错误；B选项只是表明男女之间在压力方面存在差异，并未侧重表现女性要面对更多压力；C选项表示只是属于造成压力的其中一个因素，不能概括文章全部内容。因此本题正确答案为D选项。11. 单选题（ ）for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.问题1选项A.Had it not beenB.Were it notC.Be it notD.Should it not be【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：要不是公众及时投资，我们公司就不会像现在这样繁荣。由此可知，主句和从句发生的时间不一致，主句是对现在的虚拟，所以用would+动词原形；从句是对过去的虚拟，投资发生在公司繁荣之前，所以应使用过去完成时，即had+过去分词。虚拟条件句中如果含有助动词should、had和were，可以将if 省略，将助动词提前。这里还原应该是“If it had not been for the timely investment from the general public”，将助动词提前之后就是Had it not been，所以选项A正确。12. 单选题Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947), Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984).Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵), which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction on exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.1. Which of the following statements is true?2.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because（ ）.3.According to passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at（ ）.4.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of（ ）.5.From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that（ ）.问题1选项A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B.Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D.Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.问题2选项A.they are very rareB.they often cause loss of lifeC.they always occur in big citiesD.they arouse the interest of all the readers问题3选项A.Texas cityB.FlixboroughC.SevesoD.Mexico City问题4选项A.natural gas, which can easily catch fireB.fertilizer, which cant be stored in a great quantityC.poisonous substance, which cant be used in overcrowded areasD.fuel, which is stored in large tanks问题5选项A.to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryB.the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industryC.all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been takenD.natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由D选项关键词“chemical industry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter!（然而，坐飞机和在化工行业工作相比怎么样呢？不幸的是，前者的风险是后者的55倍！），说明在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。因此D选项“在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。”正确。A选项“在办公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B选项“乘公共交通工具去上班比在办公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在办公室工作的风险是相同的，没有谁比谁更安全，所以A，B错误。由第一段最后一句the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home（化工行业工人的事故率比几乎任何人类活动都要低，几乎和待在家里一样安全），说明化工行业和待在家里一样安全，所以C选项“待在家里比在化工行业工作更安全”错误。2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“reported as news”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy.（化工行业的问题是，一旦出现问题，往往会导致附近居民死亡。这也使得化学事故具有新闻价值。），说明新闻报道化学事故是因为它们会导致人员死亡。因此B选项“它们经常造成生命损失”正确。A选项“它们非常罕见”，C选项“它们总是发生在大城市”和D选项“它们引起了所有读者的兴趣”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“fault of management”可以定位到文章第四段第三句The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明由管理失误造成的化学事故发生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B选项“弗利克斯伯勒”正确。A选项“得克萨斯城”，C选项“塞维索”和D选项“墨西哥城”的事故不是因为管理失误造成的，所以A，C，D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“ammonium nitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate, which is safe unless stored in great quantity.（因此，得克萨斯城的爆炸是由数吨硝酸铵引起的，大量储存硝酸铵是不安全的。），说明硝酸铵不能大量储存，另外文章第三段第四句The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552.（得克萨斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）说明造成得克萨斯城爆炸事故的硝酸铵是一种肥料。因此B选项“不能大量储存的化学肥料”正确。A选项“天然气，很容易着火”是墨西哥城火灾事故的原因，C选项“有毒物质，不能在人满为患地区使用”，由文章可知塞维索的事故是毒气造成的，D选项“燃料，它被储存在大的油箱里”在文中没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。5.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明维修设备很重要，不能冒着风险在维修设备时继续生产。因此A选项“为了避免事故，我们不应该维修化工设施”错误。由B选项关键词“local authorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action.（塞维索事故表明，如果地方当局对其家门口的危险缺乏了解，将会发生什么。当毒气飘过城镇上空时，当地领导无法采取有效行动。），说明地方当局需要了解当地化工生产的情况。因此B选项“地方当局不应关心化学工业的生产”错误。由D选项关键词“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒数第三句The fire set off a chain reaction on exploding storage tanks.（大火引起储存罐爆炸的连锁反应。），说明储存罐里的天然气也会发生气体爆炸的事故。因此D选项“储存在大型储罐中的天然气总是安全的”错误。第四段列举了各种原因引发的事故，同时也相对应采取的措施，因此C选项“如果采取有效措施，所有这些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正确。13. 单选题Thursday marked the 42nd（ ）of mans first step on the moon.问题1选项A.ceremonyB.decadeC.occasionD.anniversary【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ceremony“典礼，仪式，礼节”，B选项decade“十年，年代”，C选项occasion“时机，场合”，D选项anniversary“周年纪念日”。句意：星期四是人类踏上月球第42周年纪念日。因此，D选项符合句意。14. 单选题Signs warned that the trail was（ ）even in good weather conditions, so only experienced and well-equipped hikers should attempt it.问题1选项A.affluentB.wholesomeC.treacherousD.incurable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项affluent“丰富的”；B选项wholesome“健全的”；C选项treacherous“危险的”；D选项incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上写着，即使在天气条件好的情况下，这条小路也是危险的，所以只有经验丰富、装备精良的徒步旅行者才能尝试。本句表示小路很危险。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题Our civilization cannot be thought of as（ ）in a short period of time.问题1选项A.to have been createdB.to be createdC.having been createdD.being created【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态。as在这里是介词，后面应接名词性质的词，排除A、B，create的动作是过去发生的，应该用过去时态，排除D。句意：不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。因此C选项正确。16. 单选题Many young people involved in forced marriages have to face a（ ）, that is, they love their parents but they also want to pursue true love.问题1选项A.dilemmaB.confrontationC.doctrineD.conflict【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dilemma“进退两难”，B选项confrontation “争执，对抗”，C选项doctrine“教义，学说，信条”，D选项conflict“争执，分歧”，句意:许多卷入逼婚的年轻人不得不面对一个两难的境地，即他们爱父母，但也想追求真爱。因此，A选项符合句意。17. 单选题She became the first woman to enter the school but withdraw after a few days（ ）stress.问题1选项A.in honor ofB.because ofC.in spite ofD.instead of【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项in honor of“向.致敬”，B选项because of“因为，由于”，C选项in spite of“尽管，即使”，D选项instead of“代替，而不是”。句意:她成为第一个进入这所学校但几天后因压力而退出的女性。因此，B选项符合句意。18. 单选题I hate people who（ ）the end of film that you havent seen before.问题1选项A.revealB.rewriteC.reviseD.reverse【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项reveal“透露”；B选项rewrite“改写”；C选项revise“修正”；D选项reverse“反转”。句意：我讨厌那些透露没看过的电影结局的人。本句表示剧透电影结局。因此A选项正确。19. 单选题The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow（ ）, particularly in Western Europe.问题1选项A.obscureB.obsoleteC.optionalD.overlapping【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的”；B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”；C选项optional“可选择的”；D选项overlapping“重叠的”。根据句意可知，火药的引入应该是使弓箭逐渐被淘汰，所以选项B符合句意。20. 单选题Researchers at the University of Illinois determined that the（ ）of a father can help improve a childs grades.问题1选项A.involvementB.communicationC.interactionD.association【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项involvement“涉及”；B选项communication“交流”；C选项interaction“交互”；D选项association“协会”。句意：易里若斯大学的研究者们确定父亲的介入有助于孩子提高成绩。本句表示父亲的介入，因此A选项正确。