考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案38

考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Someones future blurs and goes blank as anticipation（ ）nothingness.问题1选项A.smashes intoB.squeezes intoC.fades intoD.jams into【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项smash into表示“猛撞在”；B选项squeeze into表示“挤入；硬塞进”；C选项fade into表示“渐渐融入于，逐渐变成”；D选项jam into表示“挤进”。根据Someones future blurs and goes blank （个人的未来变得渺茫，成为空白）可知，期望应当是逐渐变成虚无，故C项fade into符合语境。句意：当期望逐渐变得虚无，个人的未来也会变得渺茫，成为空白。2. 单选题When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day. For example, the ruble maybe worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma associated with converting at 0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at 0.69. These “losses” must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.1.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.2.In France, tardy business people（ ）.3.According to the passage, conversion rates（ ）.4.The intended audience of this passage are（ ）.5.Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the next paragraph?问题1选项A.How to Succeed in International TradeB.Monetaiy ConversionC.Trade BarriersD.Unique Problems in International Trade问题2选项A.are often insultedB.often suffer from coldnessC.are often left outdoors waitingD.are often asked to polish their shoes问题3选项A.are always not changingB.are determined by financial institutionsC.are agreed upon by two trading countriesD.vary from day to day问题4选项A.professors of economicsB.postgraduate students of international tradeC.beginners of businessD.business people问题5选项A.Export trade barriers.B.Quotas and tariffs.C.Reasons for imposing trading barriers.D.Measures to break down trade barriers.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段先指出“当企业从事海外业务时通常都会接触到来着不同文化的人”,后面分别从时间观、货币兑换以及贸易壁垒三个方面举例阐述并给出建议。故A项“如何在国际贸易中获得成功”最适合做文章标题。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词tardy business people定位至第二段: Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness (迟到的外贸业务人员通常会 遭遇长吋间等候，这也是一种让他们知道准吋的重要性的方法)。因此C项 “通常需要在门外等候”正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词conversion rates定位至第三段: This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day (汇率是由支持货币流通的市场情况决定的。因此，尽管汇率每天都会波动， 但也会有一个既定的比率),故选C “每天都会变化”。4.判断推理题。文章主要讨论的是海外贸易过程中可能遇到的因地区差异导致的问题,因此推测文章的目标受众是“商业人士”。5.判断推理题。最后一段讲到了国际贸易中的第三个问题-贸易壁垒,最后一句指出: Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs (两种最主要的进口壁垒就是配额与关税),因此推测下一段将讨论“配额与关税”。3. 单选题If any of these symptoms （ ）while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.问题1选项A.establishB.representC.performD.occur【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。establish“建立;创立”；represent “代表；表现”；perform“表演；执行：完成”；occur “发生”。句意：如果用药期间出现上述症状，请立刻咨询医生。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题This African country has been（ ）by civil war, famine and flood for decades.问题1选项A.afflictedB.conflictedC.despairedD.inclined【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项afflict表示“折磨；使痛苦；使苦恼”；B选项conflict表示“冲突，矛盾；争执；斗争”；C选项despair表示“绝望，丧失信心”；D选项incline表示 “倾向于，有倾向”。根据关键词“civil war, famine and flood（内战、饥荒和洪水）”可知，这个非洲国家一直饱受这些灾害折磨，故afflict最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。5. 单选题Mutualism is a type of symbiosis that occurs when two unlike organisms live together in a state that is mutually beneficial. It can exist between two animals, between two plants, or between a plant and an animal. Mutualism is unlike the symbiotic state of commensalism in that commensalism is a one-sided state in which a host gives and a guest takes, while in mutualism both partners live on a give-and-take basis.In the African wilds, the zebra and the ostrich enjoy a symbiotic relationship that enhances the ability of these large land animals to survive. Both serve as prey for the lion, and neither has the capability alone to withstand an attack from this fierce hunter. However, when the zebra and the ostrich collaborate in their defense by alerting each other to possible danger from an approaching predator, the lion is rarely able to capture more than the oldest or feeblest of the herd. The complementary physical strengths and weaknesses of the ostrich and the zebra allow them to work in coordination to avoid succumbing to the lion. The ostrich, the largest flightless bird in the world, possesses great speed and keen eyesight, which enable it to spot large predatory animals long before they are able to position themselves to attack. The zebra, with a running speed equal to that of the ostrich, has excellent hearing and a good sense of smell but lacks the sharp eyesight of the ostrich. When ostriches and zebra intermix for grazing, each animal benefits from the ability of the other to detect approaching danger. If either animal senses danger, both animals are alerted and take off. With the running speed that both of these animals possess, they are able to outrun any predator except the cheetah.1.Choose the drawing that describes a commensalist state.2.The difference between mutualism and commensalism is that（ ）.3.In paragraph 2, the Word that refers to（ ）.4.Which of the following drawing describes what happens when a lion approaches a zebra and an ostrich?5.From the passage, we can learn that（ ）.问题1选项A.B.C.问题2选项A.commensalism is a two-sided state.B.the partners live on a give-and-take basis in mutualism.C.the host gives while the guest takes in mutualism.D.mutualism occurs between two similar organisms; however, commensalism, two unlike organisms.问题3选项A.running speedB.strengthC.weaknessD.eyesight问题4选项A.B.C.D.问题5选项A.the zebra often offers more help than the ostrich to detect the attack of the lion.B.the zebra and the ostrich are complementary in their abilities of avoiding being attacked byC.both the zebra and the ostrich possess great speed and keen eyesight.D.with great speed, the zebra and the ostrich run faster than any predator.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段“Mutualism is unlike the symbiotic state of commensalism in that commensalism is a one-sided state in which a host gives and a guest takes”可知，互利共生与偏利共生的共生状态并不相同，因为偏利共生是一种单向状态，即宿主给予，寄生物索取。由此可知B项“宿主寄生物”表述正确，故本题正确答案为B项。2.细节事实题。题干询问哪一项符合互利共生和偏利共生的区别。根据原文第一段“Mutualism is a type of symbiosis that occurs when two unlike organisms live together in a state that is mutually beneficial. ”可知，互利共生是一种共生关系，当两个不同的有机体生活在一种互惠的状态时就会发生。根据后文叙述的“Mutualism is unlike the symbiotic state of commensalism in that commensalism is a one-sided state in which a host gives and a guest takes.”可知，互利共生与偏利共生的共生状态是不同的，偏利共生是一种单向的状态，即宿主给予而寄生物索取。由此可知A项“偏利共生是一种双向状态”表述错误；B项“靠彼此相互给予和索取合伙共生”表述正确；C项“在互利共生中，宿主给予而寄生物索取”表述错误；D项“互利共生发生在两种类似的生物之间，而偏利共生却发生于两种不同的生物之间”与原文不符。因此，本题正确答案为B项。3.推理判断题。根据原文第二段“The zebra, with a running speed equal to that of the ostrich, has excellent hearing and a good sense of smell but lacks the sharp eyesight of the ostrich.”可知，斑马的奔跑速度与鸵鸟相当，听觉和嗅觉都很好，但缺乏鸵鸟敏锐的视力。由此可知这里的that指代“running speed（奔跑速度）”，故A项正确。B项strength表示“力量”；C项weakness表示“弱点”；D项eyesight表示“视力”。4.理判断题。根据原文第二段“If either animal senses danger, both animals are alerted and take off. With the running speed that both of these animals possess, they are able to outrun any predator except the cheetah.”可知，如果两者（即斑马和鸵鸟）中任一种动物觉察到危险，那么两种动物都会警觉起来并迅速奔跑。凭借这两种动物的奔跑速度，它们能够超越猎豹以外的任何捕食者。因此，本题正确答案为D项。5.推理判断题。根据原文第二段可知，斑马和鸵鸟属于互利共生的关系，它们都是狮子的猎物，都没有能力独自抵抗狮子的攻击，所以它们要进行协同防御，提醒对方可能有危险。如果两者中任一种动物觉察到危险，那么这两种动物都会警觉起来并迅速奔跑。凭借这两种动物的奔跑速度，它们能够超越猎豹以外的任何捕食者。由此可以判断，B项“斑马和鸵鸟在躲避攻击的能力上是互补的”表述正确。而A项“在发现狮子的攻击时，斑马往往比鸵鸟提供更多的帮助”；C项“斑马和鸵鸟都有极快的速度和敏锐的视力”以及D项“由于有非常快的速度，斑马和鸵鸟跑得比任何食肉动物都快”均与原文不符，可排除。6. 翻译题Translate the following into English (15%)在团队内部建立友谊团队的领导者耍懂得如何利用友谊的力量来加强团队合作。在正式的团体会议中，营造一种轻松、友好的气氛非常重要。要努力创造一种氛围使每个成员的发言都得到充分的尊重，让每个人可以畅所欲言。想做到这一点，就要使队员们尽量以朋友，而非同事的方式，来处理相互关系；鼓励每个成员在工作、会议之外进行交谈，多作接触，在轻松的气氛中自由地交换意见和看法。多安排社交活动，创造大家在工作之余聚会碰头的机会，在取得成功时举办庆祝活动等，都有利于团队成员之间建立真正的朋友关系，有利于团结团队，使之成为一个整体。【答案】Build Friendship in a TeamTeam leader should know how to enhance teamwork by using the power of friendship. In a formal group meeting, efforts should be made to build a pleasant and friendly atmosphere in which each members speech is fully respected and everyone can speak freely. In order to do this, the team member should be regarded as friends not colleagues, and moreover, each of them should be encouraged to communicate and contact after work and meeting and exchange views in a comfortable atmosphere. Organizing social events, creating opportunities for people to meet outside of office, and holding celebrations to celebrate success help to build true friendship and unite the team as a whole.7. 单选题When you leave a job with a traditional pension, dont assume youve lost the chance to collect it. Youre entitled to whatever benefit youve earned and you might even be entitled to take it now. A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until theyre 65, theyll have a bigger benefit, says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If its less than $5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at 8% interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $5,000, or your company doesnt offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money youre eligible for at the plans normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. Youll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.What if you left a job years ago, and youre realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plans normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three years early, youd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.But thats not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around 5% a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85% of the total amount.When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when youre 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 youll have only about half of what you wouldve had if youd kept working until 65.1. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension（ ）.2. If the retirees pension is less than $5,000, it is wise of him to（ ）.3. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to（ ）.4. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?5. Which of the following statements is FALSE?问题1选项A.he tends to forget that he has the pensionB.he has no right to ask for the pensionC.hell have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65D.he has a specified worth of pension问题2选项A.ask the company for a lump-sum payoutB.require his former boss to figure out the value of his pensionC.take the pension with him and make a profit out of itD.collect the pension at his retirement plans normal retirement age问题3选项A.earn less interestB.be better oil than with a traditional pensionC.start investment immediatelyD.get less Social Security benefits问题4选项A.Your Payout Is Not GuaranteedB.Leave Early, Lose BigC.The Retirement DilemmaD.Take the Pension with You问题5选项A.If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he wont get a pension worth 27/30.B.It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.C.The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover lost benefits.D.If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he wont be severely affected.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段Youre entitled to whatever benefit youve earned and you might even be entitled to take it now以及第二段Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth.可知，如果你之前的工作有传统养老金，那么退休之后你就得到一笔一定数目的养老金。故本题正确答案为D选项2.细节事实题。题干询问：如果退休人员的养老金账户不足5000美元，他怎么做会比较明智。根据原文第二段If its less than $5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at 8% interest is $23,000可知，如果少于5000美元，或者公司提供一次性支付，那么就会关闭养老金账户，把钱取出来做20年额投资，以8%的利率计算就是23000美元。由此可知C选项 “拿着养老金（投资）赚取利润”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest.可知，如果你有固定缴款计划，而你提前退休了，那么问题就出现了。你开始把钱花在本可以赚取利息的投资项目上。后面举例说明：如果你在55岁时退休，然后开始使用传统的养老金，那么到65岁时，你的养老金只有你一直工作到65岁时的一半左右。由此可知，A选项“赚得的利息变少”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为A项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：下列哪一项适合作为最后三段的小标题？分析原文可知，文章最后三段主要讲的是提前退休与养老金的关系，过早退休开始使用养老金，会比工作到正常退休年龄损失大。因此，B选项“提前退休，损失巨大”最适合作为最后三段的标题，故本题正确答案为B项。5.推理判断题。题干询问：下列哪一项表述不正确？选项B 表示“如果一个人了解退休养老汁划的运行机制，那么提前退休是划算的”明显错误，由最后一段可知，提前退休会造成养老金减少，所以提前退休损失很大。其余选项与原文表述均相符，故本题正确答案为B选项。8. 单选题10. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe（ ）Europe into a great war.问题1选项A.insertedB.pitchedC.plungedD.imposed【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。insert “插入，嵌入”后接in/ into/ between；pitch “用力扔，投，抛”；plunge“使陷入（某种状态），把抛进”，常和介词into搭配使用; impose “迫使，把强加于”，常和介词on/upon搭配使用。句意：1914年，发生在东欧一个偏僻地区的一件微不足道的小事使欧洲陷入了一场大战。根据题干介词into 可知只有C项符合。答案选C。9. 单选题Writing is a slow process, requiring （ ）thought, time, and effort.问题1选项A.significantB.enormousC.considerableD.numerous【答案】C【解析】句意:写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要进行大的思考，耗费大量的吋间并付出巨大努力。考查形容词辨析。significant 有重大意义的，显著的；enormous 巨大的，庞大的：considerable 相当多（或大、重要等）的；numerous 众多的，许多的 ,般用来修饰可数名词。故选C。10. 单选题As a developing country, we must keep（ ）with the rapid development of the world economy.问题1选项A.paceB.moveC.stepD.speed【答案】A【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项pace表示“步速，步伐，速度”；B选项move表示“行动，举措，改变”；C选项 step表示“脚步，步骤，步伐”；D选项speed表示“速度，进展”。词组keep pace with是一个固定搭配，表示“与.并驾齐驱，保持一致”。因此本题正确答案为A选项。11. 单选题He was（ ） to tell the truth even to his closed friend.问题1选项A.too much of a cowardB.too much the cowardC.a coward enoughD.enough of a coward【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。句意：他太胆怯，甚至都不敢把真相告诉他的好朋友。too much of a. to do sth.是英语中的固定用法，是too.to. 句式与much of a.句式的混合用法，表示“太而不能”，只有A项符合，因此答案选A。12. 单选题The Readers Digest investigation asked Americans which was the biggest threat to the nations future -big business, big labor or big government. A whopping 67 percent replied big government. That is a big change over 40 years ago. A 1954 Opinion Research Corp. Poll found that only 16 percent of Americans indicted big government, given the same three choices. In a 1965 Gallup survey, those believing big government to be the problem had risen to 35 percent; by 1985, to 50 percent.Now (1995) two of three Americans fear big government. Opinion researchers rarely see such a vast change in public attitude. When put in historical perspective, from the time of Franklin Roosevelts New Deal to the present, the fallen status of government as a protector and benefactor is extraordinary. Weve returned to the instinctive American wariness of Washington so common before the Great Depression.In our poll, taken before the November elections, the overwhelming majority of our respondents wanted to stop or roll back the impact of government. In answer to another question posed by The Digest, 79 percent said they wanted either no more than the current level of government services and taxes, or less government and lower taxes.It seems to me that we in the middle class bear most of the burden, says Jo Nell Norman, 61, a nurse in Dyersburg, Tenn., who often wonders about the governments judgment in spending her money.Of Americans in our sample, 62 percent believe that politicians ethics and honesty have fallen. And what about Congress? Is it doing a good job? Or do members spend more time thinking about their political futures than passing good legislation?Across generations, a thumping 89 percent thought the latter. Congress always seems to be screwing up, says one young Xer.However, Americans are satisfied with their own lives and jobs. Four of five respondents were completely or somewhat satisfied. The figures held up across all ages - including Xers, whom many pundits have claimed are pessimistic about their future.Keith Underbill, 22, of Fridley, Minn., finds his job as a telephone operator for a catalogue company not challenging, not difficult but still satisfying because of the income. He sees it as a springboard to bigger things. I hope to start my own business someday, something in finance. Looking deeper at jobs, we found 70 percent of Americans believe they are about where they should be, given their talents and effort. This is an issue where age always makes a difference, since older people, who are more established in their jobs, tend to be more satisfied, while younger workers are still trying to find the right niche. Sure enough, Xers scored 65 percent, about five points below average.1.The survey has revealed that in the 40 years the public faith in the American go