考研考博-考博英语-外交学院模拟考试题含答案8

考研考博-考博英语-外交学院模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题He enjoyed the dessert so much that he accepted a second（ ） when it was offered.问题1选项A.loadingB.pilingC.helpingD.sharing【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项loading“装载；装货；装载的货”；B选项piling“地桩；打桩；桩材；打桩工程”；C选项helping“（食物的）一份”；D选项sharing“公用，共享”。句意：他非常喜欢甜点，所以当有人给他第二份时，他接受了。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time（ ）some import art museums and buildings.问题1选项A.visitingB.travelingC.watchingD.touring【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项visit“访问，拜访，看望，参观，访问”，指短期行为，更多用于动作，目的性较强；B选项travel“长途旅行，经过（某地区），（非正式）经受得住旅行，（物体，放射线）移动，行进，传送”，强调从某处过到另一处，或者已经完成的旅行；C选项watch“观看，注视，守候，看守”，强调专注地看/注视移动着的物体，如看电视，看球赛等；D选项tour“旅行，旅游，作巡回演出”，常用来形容整个旅行，强调旅行的过程。句意：当他在北京的时候，他把所有的时间都花在参观一些重要的艺术博物馆和建筑上。3. 单选题Judging from recent surveys and clinical experiments, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually a(n)（1）of sleepiness in the nation. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light Bulb a century ago. By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been（2）dramatically, to between 7 and 8 hours.Perhaps the most（3）robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep most expendable item on the agenda. Often, though our efforts to squeeze ever more tasks into our days and nights（4）. The person who invests in a full nights sleep, experts say, will be more than（5）in heightened productivity, creativity, and focus. Another thief of sleep is shift work, in which people work regularly in the evening, at night or on rotating schedules. Researchers say the brain has difficulty varying sleep times, which means that these employees usually suffer a（6）loss of sleep. The availability of round-the-clock entertainment, especially all-night television, also takes its（72）.To assess the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a（8）of psychological and performance tests requiring them to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. Researchers found that if the subjects were sleep-（9）. Their performance suffered, short-term memory was impaired, as were abilities to make decisions and to concentrate. Because their reaction time and attention span are affected, sleepy people may be more prone to making mistakes.Sleeping（10）on weekends does not help the body recoup. But in chronic cases, people may need weeks of catching up to reverse the effects of sleep loss.问题1选项A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.tendencyD.symptom问题2选项A.whittledB.reducedC.imputedD.subjugated问题3选项A.relentlessB.annoyingC.mercilessD.greedy问题4选项A.backtrackB.backcrossC.backsetD.backfire问题5选项A.rejuvenatedB.recoveredC.refreshedD.recompensed问题6选项A.netB.totalC.greatD.sea问题7选项A.partB.tollC.roleD.effect问题8选项A.bundleB.bevyC.batteryD.batch问题9选项A.deprivedB.drivenC.riddenD.laden问题10选项A.outB.awayC.inD.up【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D第8题:C第9题:A第10题:C【解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项phenomenon“ 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才”；B选项epidemic“传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行”；C选项tendency“倾向，趋势；癖好”；D选项symptom“症状；征兆”。句意：从最近的调查和临床实验来看，大多数睡眠行为方面的专家都发现嗜睡流行病遍布整个国家。因此B选项正确。2.考查动词辨析。A选项whittle“削；削减；切；削弱”；B选项reduced“减少；降低；使处于；把分解”；C选项imputed“归罪于，归咎于；嫁祸于”；D选项subjugated“征服；使服从；克制”。句意：到了20世纪50年代和60年代，人们的睡眠时间急剧减少到7到8小时。因此B选项正确。3.考查形容词辨析。A选项relentless“无情的；残酷的（多用来形容外界及周围环境的残酷）；不间断的”；B选项annoying“讨厌的；恼人的”；C选项merciless“残忍的（多用来形容人的内心是残酷无情的）；无慈悲心的”；D选项greedy“贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的”。句意：研究人员说，也许最无情的睡眠劫匪是一天的复杂性。因此C选项正确。4.考查逻辑关系。A选项backtrack“v. 原路返回；折回；折返；（屈于压力而）改变声明（或主张），出尔反尔；退缩”；B选项backcross“v. 使（杂种）回交（或逆代杂交）；n. 回交；逆代杂交；回交子代”；C选项backset“n. 涡流；逆流；倒退；挫折”；D选项backfire“v. 产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果；逆火；回火”。由题可知空格处应填带有转折意味的词，意为“通常情况下，尽管我们日日夜夜都在为更多的任务而努力，结果却事与愿违”，因此D选项正确。5.考查动词辨析。A选项rejuvenated“使年轻；使更新；使恢复精神；使复原；复原；变年轻”；B选项recovered“恢复；弥补；重新获得；恢复；胜诉；重新得球”；C选项refreshed“使恢复精力；使凉爽；重新斟满；提醒；提示；使想起”；D选项recompense“赔偿，补偿；酬谢，回报”。句意：如果你有充足的睡眠，那么在工作效率、创造力和精神集中程度方面会远超过你本该有的报酬。也就是说你的工作效率、创造力和精神集中程度会有很大的改观。因此D选项正确。6.考查形容词辨析。A选项net“纯的；最后的；原价的；（重量）净的；（高尔夫球得分）净得的”；B选项total“全部的；完全的；整个的”；C选项great“伟大的，重大的；极好的，好的；主要的”；D选项sea“n. 海；海洋；许多；大量”。句意：研究人员表示，大脑很难改变睡眠时间，这意味着这些员工通常会损失大量睡眠时间。因此C选项正确。7.考查名词辨析。A选项part“部分；角色；零件；一些；片段”；B选项total“总数，合计”；C选项great“大师；大人物；伟人们”；D选项effect“影响；效果；作用”。句意：24小时的娱乐，尤其是通宵的电视节目，也起到了一定的作用。因此D选项正确。8.考查短语辨析。A选项a bundle of“一捆捆的；一束；一包”；B选项a bevy of“一群；一组”；C选项a battery of“一连串的；一系列的”；D选项a batch of“一批（用来形容数量，后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词，它的谓语动词都用单数）”。句意：为了评估睡眠不足的后果，研究人员对受试者进行了一系列的心理和表现测试，要求他们添加一列数字，或者回忆几分钟前读给他们听的一篇文章。因此C选项正确。9.考查上下文语义。A选项deprived“贫困的，穷苦的，严重匮乏的；（人）丧失的，被剥夺的”；B选项driven“被动的，受到驱策的；有紧迫感的；（人）发愤图强的”；C选项ridden“充斥的；受虐待的”；D选项laden“负载的；装满的；苦恼的”。前文提到了“sleep-deficit睡眠不足”，所以空格处应填与该词意思相对应的词，sleep-deprived“睡眠剥夺”符合题意，因此A选项正确。10.考查短语辨析。A选项sleep out“外宿；在外过夜；露宿；外宿房”；B选项sleep away“一直熟睡；用睡觉消磨（时光）；用睡觉消除（头痛等）”；C选项sleep in“睡过头；睡懒觉；晚一点儿起床；迟起床”；D选项sleep up“五倍深度睡眠；深度睡眠；睡起来了”。句意：周末睡懒觉无助于身体的恢复。因此C选项正确。4. 翻译题加拿大移民条例虽不把英籍香港华人与其他英国殖民地人民一视同仁，然加拿大比美国较为关心香港移民却是千真万确的事。1962年，加拿大方面鉴于香港难民众多，在各方呼吁下，自动提出愿意接受香港方面100个家庭单位来加。多伦多明星报（Toronto Star） 在3月23日的社论中还讥讽其为一种姿态罢了。其实，移民局早已着手调查，寻找符合条件并愿意赴加的家庭。还有一些组织和机构，如“教会联合总会”（General Council of the United Church）于9月开会时曾大声疾呼加拿大应该容纳香港难民10000名。11月21日第一批来自香港的家庭抵加，至年底计有62个家庭单位，合共人数139名由港抵加。11月16 日，贝尔宣布调查中国移民舞弊案结束。移民局长表示那些在加华人如愿归化入籍，手续将加以简化。反对党派、舆论界、加拿大华人团体一致拥护移民局的这项宣布。【答案】It is true that Canada is more concerned about Hong Kong immigration than the United States, although Canadas immigration laws do not treat British Hong Kong Chinese as equals to other British colonists. In 1962, in view of the large number of refugees in Hong Kong, Canada voluntarily offered to accept 100 family units from Hong Kong under the appeal of all parties, which has been satirized as a practice of formalism by Toronto Stars Editorial on March 23th. But the truth is the Immigration Authority has already undertaking investigation, looking for qualified families who are willing to Canada. Other institutions and organization, such as the General Council of the United Church, have clamored in meeting Canada should accept 10000 Hong Kong refugees General Council of the United Church in September. On November 21th, the first batch of family from Hong Kong arrived in Canada. An estimated 62 family unit from Hong Kong, total number of 139 following till this year end. On November 16, Baer announced the end of Chinese Immigration Fraud investigation. The immigration minister says the process will be simplified for those Chinese in Canada who want to become naturalized. Opposition parties, opinion makers and the Chinese Canadian community all supported the announcement.5. 单选题I had adopted two European clubs as my own, watched their games every weekend, wasted work hours reading blogs about them, emotionally invested myself in their travails.问题1选项A.exertionsB.grittiesC.emulationsD.stretches【答案】B【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项exertion“发挥；运用；努力”；B选项gritty“坚韧不拔；多沙”；C选项emulation“仿真（效）（技术）；模仿（拟）；竞争；效法”；D选项stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（连续的）一段时间；服刑期”。句意：我接纳了两家欧洲俱乐部，每个周末都观看他们的比赛，把工作时间浪费在阅读有关他们的博客上，全身心地投入到他们的苦战中。travail“艰苦劳动；煎熬，痛苦，艰辛”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。6. 单选题Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very recently, been regarded merely as（ ）fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.问题1选项A.a controversialB.a statisticalC.an explicitD.an unimpeachable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controversial“有争议的；有争论的”；B选项statistical“统计的；统计学的”；C选项explicit“明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的”；D选项unimpeachable“无可指责的；无可怀疑的；无懈可击的；无过失的，无罪的”。句意：18世纪的小说中，女性的作品要比男性的多得多，但直到最近，这种主导地位一直被认为只是一个统计事实，一种只有文献学家才注意到的晦涩知识。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题（ ）is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.问题1选项A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As【答案】D【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意为“如一样，像一样”等；as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意：人们普遍认为，经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The commission would find itself（ ）at every turn if its members couldnt reach an agreement.问题1选项A.collidedB.savagedC.crumbledD.hampered【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项collided“（偶然）碰撞，冲突，（不同的观念、想法等）碰撞（而产生有趣结果）”；B选项savaged“乱咬，粗暴的对待，凶猛地攻击”；C选项crumbled“弄碎，破碎”；D选项hampered“阻碍，限制”。句意：如果委员们不能达成一致意见，该委员会将处处受阻。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题Markets had feared that Dolly might disrupt production in the Gulf of Mexico, but the storm missed the oilfields before bearing（ ）Texas.问题1选项A.down onB.down atC.away atD.away to【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。bear down on“逼近，袭击，冲向”。句意：市场曾担心飓风多莉可能会打断墨西哥湾的生产，但风暴在逼近德克萨斯之前没有击中油田。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题I didnt call to make my airline reservation, but I（ ）.问题1选项A.should haveB.may haveC.must haveD.shall have【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。A选项should have“本该做却没有做”；B选项may have通常接过去分词，用于虚拟语气，表示“过去可能”；C选项must have done表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测，推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过（存在过），如果must have done与by now连用，还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测，但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作；D选项shall have done通常用来表示将来完成时。句意：我没有打电话订机票，但我应该打电话订的。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher: the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the steins of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.1. How many theories does the author mention?2. The passage answers which of the following questions?3. How botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?4. Which of the following statements does the passage support?5. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant?问题1选项A.OneC. ThreeB.C. ThreeB.C.ThreeB. TwoD.Four问题2选项A.What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage?B.When do dead cells harm plant growth?C.How does water get to the tops of trees?D.Why is root pressure weak?问题3选项A.Some very tall trees have weak root pressure.B.Root pressures decrease in winter.C.Plants can live after their roots die.D.Water in a plants roots is not connected to water in its stem.问题4选项A.Water is pushed to the tops of trees.B.Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps.C.Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall trees.D.Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants.问题5选项A.HumidityB.Plant growthC.Root pressureD.Evaporation【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there.（根据目前公认的内聚力张力理论，水是被拉到那里的。）”，全文就只提及这一种理论，因此A选项正确。2.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there?（如果水不是被抽到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎么到树顶的?）”，由此可知全文是围绕水是怎么被送到树顶描写的。A选项“大气压力对树叶有什么影响？”；B选项“死细胞什么时候会损害植物生长？”；C选项“水是如何到达树顶的？”；D选项“为什么根压弱？”。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.（但是根系的压力还不足以把水推到高大的树顶。此外，针叶树是最高的树木之一，它们的根系压力非常低。）”，由此可知来自树根的压力不足以使水分运输到树顶，这其中肯定还有其他运输渠道存在。A选项“一些很高的树的根压很弱”；B选项“根系压力在冬季下降”；C选项“植物的根死后还能存活”；D选项“植物根中的水与茎中的水是不相连的”。因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第一句话“Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high.（大气压可以支撑一个高达10米的水柱。）”，由此可知该篇文章支持大气压把水吸引到高高的树顶。A选项“水被推到树顶”；B选项“植物学家已经证明活细胞起到泵的作用”；C选项“大气压力把水吸引到高高的树顶”；D选项“植物学家已经改变了他们关于水在植物中移动的理论”。因此C选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant.（植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物顶部水分蒸发的结果。）”，由此可知是水分的蒸发使然。A选项“湿度”；B选项“植物的生长”；C选项“根压”；D选项“蒸发”。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题This is a common or（ ）dispute.问题1选项A.doorB.toiletC.gardenD.kitchen【答案】C【解析】考查固定短语搭配。common or garden“普通的，常见的，一般的”。句意：这是一个常见的争论。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题Such alarms reflected the Alsops tendency to cloak their analyses in portentous terms of dread and dismay.问题1选项A.ominousB.foppishC.gregariousD.remunerative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ominous“预兆的；不吉利的”；B选项foppish“浮华的；矫饰的；有纨绔习气的”；C选项gregarious“社交的；群居的”；D选项remunerative“有利可图的；有报酬的；合算的”。句意：这样的警告反映了阿尔索普家族倾向于用可怕的恐惧和沮丧来掩盖他们的分析。portentous“不祥的；预兆的；令人惊讶的”。A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。14. 单选题Manson was a scientist of unusual（ ）and imagination who had startling success in（ ）new and fundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.问题1选项A.restiveness, acknowledgingB.precision, coordinatingC.candor, dispellingD.insight, discerning【答案】D【解析】考查名词和动词辨析。A选项restiveness, acknowledging“难以驾御；倔强”，“承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到”；B选项precision, coordinating“精度，精密度；精确”，“调节，配合；使动作协调；（衣服、家具等）搭配；与形成共价键”；C选项candor, dispelling“坦白；直率”；“驱散，驱逐；消除（烦恼等）”；D选项insight, discerning“洞察力；洞悉”，“觉察出；识别；辨别；了解；隐约看见”。句意：作为一位科学家，马里逊具有非凡的洞悉力和想象力，远在某些全新的基本原理被人们普遍认识之前，他早就能够成功地令人吃惊地将其察觉发现。因此D选项正确。15. 单选题Thousands of anti-capitalist protesters took（ ）the streets in scores of cities around the world.问题1选项A.inB.intoC.toD.off【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项take in“吸收，领会，欺骗，接待，接受，理解，拘留，欺骗，让进入，改短”；B选项take into“考虑到，说服”；C选项take to“喜欢，走向，开始从事”；D选项take off“起飞，脱下，离开，突然成功”。句意：成千上万的反资本主义抗议者在世界各地的城市街头上走着。因此C选项正确。16. 单选题Looking back, its hard to comprehend how the Tasmanian settlers could have been so cavalier about the tigers biological uniquenessso heedless of the consequences.问题1选项A.extemporeB.offhandC.infunctionateD.disconcerting【答案】B【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项extempore“当场的，即席的”；B选项offhand“随便的；即时的；无准备的；即席的”，C选项infunctionate不存在；D选项disconcerting“令人不安的；打扰人的”。句意：回顾过去，很难理解塔斯马尼亚的定居者怎么会对老虎的生物独特性如此漫不经心如此无视后果。cavalier“傲慢的；漫不经心的；无忧无虑的”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。17. 单选题For the success of the project, the company should（ ）the most of the opportunities at hand.问题1选项A.obtainB.graspC.catchD.make【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obtain“获得；流行”；B选项grasp“抓牢，握紧；试图抓住；理解，领悟；毫不犹豫地抓住（机会）”；C选项catch“ 赶上；抓住；感染；了解”；D选项make“使得；进行；布置，准备，整理；制造；认为；获得；形成；安排；引起”。seize /grasp/grab/take the opportunity“抓住机会”，句中的the most of修饰the opportunities，可视为should grasp (the most of) the opportunities。句意：为了项目的成功，公司应该抓住大部分到手的机会。因此B选项正确。18. 单选题The Human Stain, directed by Robert Benton from a screenplay by Nicholas Meyer, is an honorable B+ term paper of a movie: sober, scrupulous and earnestly respectful of its literary source. This is precisely the problem: that source, Philip Roths 2000 novel is not especially sober, scrupulous or respectful. It is an angry, ungainly squally of a book, a clamorous defense of sexual vitality in an age of Puritan censoriousness and a lyrical inquiry into the mysteries of race, old age and recent. American history. Like much of Mr. Roths recent work, The Human Stain bursts with characters and ideas, and its apparently haphazard organization disguises an elegant and cunning narrative strategy.The filmmakers explicate Mr. Roths themes with admirable clarity and care and observe his characters with delicate fondness, but they cannot hope to approximate the brilliance and rapacity of his voice, which holds all the novels disparate elements together. Without the active intervention of Mr. Roths intelligence the story fails to cohere. Its people wander through a strangely artificial landscape, and the ideas hover in the air above them like clouds painted on a backdrop.Zuckerman played by Gary Sinise has retreated to a lakeside cabin in New England, hoping to find peace and quiet after two divorces and a bout of prostate cancer.His solitude is interrupted one night by the arrival of Coleman Silk played by Anthony Hopkins, a former dean and classics professor at nearby Athena College, who was forced to resign after being accused of making racist remarks during a lecture. Coleman, whose wife died suddenly in the wake of the scandal, wants to take revenge on his former colleagues by writing a book. He puts this project aside once he falls into a revivifying affair with Faunia Farley played by Nicole Kidman, a damaged, desolate and illiterate 34-year-old who does menial jobs at the college, the post office and a local dairy farm Their sexual idyll is menaced by the faculty busybodies who chased Coleman from his job, and also by Faunias former husband, Lester (Ed Harris), a deranged Vietnam veteran who sued to beat her and now stalks her in his big red pickup truck.What keeps the movie, which opens today nationwide, from drifting in the Sargasso Sea of literary high-mindedness is the vitality of the acting. Mr. Bention is the kind of director whose affection and respect for actors seep through the screen; his solicitude seems to open them up.That Mr.Hopkins and Ms. Kidman are miscast is almost axiomatic. Ms. Kidman tries to overcome this by sheer force of will, struggling to stifle her natural radiance, blunt her crystalline voice and blur her fine features, and she comes closer to succeeding than you might expect. Mr. Hopkins, for his part, must battle a more glaring discrepancy, and he does so with swinging nonchalance. Coleman Silk is a black man who has passed for white for most of his adult life, styling himself as the first Jewish classicist ever hired at Athena.These peculiarities of casting matter less than they might; or rather how much they matter changes from scene to scene. The film includes some sex, a boxing match and an occasional burst of dancing, but most of the action consists of two characters in a room talking. Some of these moments-a late confrontation between Lester and Zuckerman, a breakfast table quarrel between Faunnia and Coleman, a meeting of the minds between Faunnia and a large, caged crow-are awkwardly paced and placed, but many others are alive with human pain and heat.Some of the best performances are in secondary roles. Jacinda Barrett is wonderfully touching as Colema