考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题含答案35

考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _ for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“可取的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“适用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开销应该占总共_开销的五分之一。根据语境，这里指的是在所拥有的开销中，住房占五分之一，available“可获得的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorter co-workers, with each inch adding about $789 a year in pay, according to a new study. “Height （1） career success,” said professor Timothy Judge of University of Florida. “These findings are troubling in that, with a few （2） , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height is something essential required for job （3） .” Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the U.S. and Britain that followed thousands of participants from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work and personal lives. “If you take this （4） the course of a 30-year career, were talking about literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings （5） that a tall person enjoys,” Judge said.Greater height boosted subjective ratings of work performancea supervisors （6） of how effective someone isand（7）measures of performance, such as sales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Other people may also give higher （8）and greater respect to a tall person, giving them an edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary （9）. Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was a sign of （10）power and strength used when making “fight or run” decisions.问题1选项A.makes outB.matters forC.takes onD.works in问题2选项A.exceptionsB.problemsC.examplesD.cases问题3选项A.operationB.conditionC.performanceD.environment问题4选项A.onB.toC.withD.over问题5选项A.deficiencyB.necessityC.advantageD.loss问题6选项A.evaluationB.judgeC.decisionD.imagination问题7选项A.relativeB.objectiveC.initiativeD.absolute问题8选项A.statueB.statusC.stateD.situation问题9选项A.sourcesB.organizationsC.originsD.courses问题10选项A.a sign ofB.a work atC.a hold onD.a time in【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:A第7题:B第8题:B第9题:C第10题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A选项makes out“辨认出；理解；写出”；B选项matters for“关乎”；C选项takes on“承担；呈现”；D选项works in“在工作；插进；引进；掺和”。句意：身高_事业成功。前文说到个子高的人挣得比个子矮的人多，可知这里是指身高会极大地影响事业，B选项matters for“关乎”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2.考查名词辨析。A选项exceptions“例外”；B选项problems“问题”；C选项examples“例子”；D选项cases“情况”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，少数几个_，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作的必要条件。身高不是工作中的必要条件，根据语境，这里填A选项exceptions“例外”比较合理，意思指除了职业篮球运动员这些特定的职业，其他没有身高要求。因此A选项正确。3.考查形容词辨析。A选项operation“操作；经营”；B选项condition“条件；情况”；C选项performance“绩效；表现”；D选项environment“环境；外界”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，除了少数几个例外，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作_的必要条件。文章之前表达的是个子高的人挣得多，而工资和表现挂钩，所以这里C选项performance“绩效；表现”比较符合题意，意思指身高不是工作表现好的必要条件。因此C选项正确。4.考查介词用法。A选项on“在（某一天）”；B选项to“向；朝”；C选项with“具有；和”；D选项over“在期间”。句意：如果把这样的收入增长放到30年的职业生涯中来考虑，并把结果累加起来。根据语境，这里横线处引出后面the course of a 30-year career构成短语，D选项over“在期间”和course搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。5.考查名词辨析。A选项deficiency“缺陷”；B选项necessity“必要；必需品”；C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”；D选项loss“损失”。句意：那就意味着高大的人可以享受数十万美元的收入_。根据语境，挣得多是优势，C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6.考查名词辨析。A选项evaluation“评价”；B选项judge“审判员；裁判员”；C选项decision“决定”；D选项imagination“想象”。句意：较高的身高会提高别人对你工作表现的主观评价，包括上司对你工作效率的_。根据语境，这里指上司对工作效率进行评价，A选项evaluation“评价”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项relative“相关的”；B选项objective“客观的”；C选项initiative“初步的；基础的”；D选项absolute“绝对的；完全的”。句意：也会使衡量工作表现的_数字，比如销量有所提高。根据语境，这里像销量这样的因素是客观的，B选项objective“客观的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项statue“雕像”；B选项status“地位；（进展）状况”；C选项state“（某方面，某阶段的）情况”；D选项situation“（具体的）情况；处境”。句意：其他人可能也会给予高个子更高的_和更多的尊重，这使他们在谈判中具有优势。根据语境，这里是指高个子的人更容易受到尊重，B选项status“地位”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。9.考查名词辨析。A选项sources“来源”；B选项organizations“组织”；C选项origins“起源”；D选项courses“课程；进程”。句意：身高的重要影响可能是我们进化_的余留。根据语境，C选项origins“起源”搭配evolutionary“进化”比较合理，指的是身高的影响来自于进化起源。因此C选项正确。10.考查固定搭配。A选项a sign of“的标志”；B选项a work at“的工作；作品”；C选项a hold on“的控制；影响”；D选项a time in“在的一段时间”。句意：也许从人类和动物生活在一起的时候起，体型就是力量和力量的_，在决定“战斗或逃跑”时使用。根据语境，这里指体型代表力量，所以A选项a sign of“的标志”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题The doctor enjoyed both his work and his life. He had never felt any _ between these two things.问题1选项A.conflictB.constrictC.constructD.constraint【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conflict“矛盾心态；（信念、观点、利益之间的）冲突”；B选项constrict“约束；收缩”；C选项construct“建造；构造”；D选项constraint“限制；约束”。句意：这位医生热爱他的工作和生活。在这两件事之间，他从未感觉到任何_。根据语境，同时热爱工作和生活，表明这两者没有矛盾，conflict“矛盾心态；（信念、观点、利益之间的）冲突”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Those naughty boys were caught _flowers in the garden again.问题1选项A.to stealB.stealingC.having stolenD.to have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查现在分词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后，表示主语在进行谓语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作，此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意：那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了，因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catch sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，转换为被动用法则是sb be caught doing sth，因此A和D项均错误；C项使用的是现在分词的完成式，与句意不符，故排除。5. 单选题Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically.Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _.2. What is the authors main concern?3. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _.5. What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?问题1选项A.its power sourceC. its monitoring systemB.C. its monitoring systemB.C.its monitoring systemB. its driving systemD.its seating capacity问题2选项A.How to render automobiles pollution-free.B.How to make smaller and safer automobiles.C.How to solve the problem of traffic jams.D.How to develop an automated subway system.问题3选项A.rail.B.An engine.C.A retractable arm.D.A computer controller.问题4选项A.keep in the right laneB.wait to arrive at his destinationC.keep in constant touch with the computer centerD.inform the system of his destination by phone问题5选项A.Enthusiastic.B.Pessimistic.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine.（它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济，而且不应该由汽油发动机驱动。），可知A选项“能量来源”正确。B选项“驱动系统”，C选项“监控系统”和D选项“载客人数”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.作者意图题。根据第三段第一句the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion.（未来的汽车的主要问题仍在城市交通拥挤），可知作者最关心交通拥挤的问题，结合下文对如何解决这个问题展开设想，所以C选项“如何解决交通堵塞的问题”正确，A选项“如何使汽车无污染”和B选项“如何制造更小更安全的汽车”：这是未来汽车发展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最关心的，故错误。D选项“如何开发自动化地铁系统”：文章没有提到开发地铁系统，故错误。因此C选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第五段第一句Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.（一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由该系统提供电力，汽车的控制将通过中央计算机进行。），汽车接到铁轨上以后就有了电力，所以A选项“铁轨”正确，计算机控制器控制汽车，故D选项“计算机控制器”错误。B选项“可伸缩的机械臂”：根据第四段第一句a retractable arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail（一个可伸缩的机械臂从自动化系统向下和铁轨连接），可知机械臂不提供电力，故错误。C选项“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故错误。因此A选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer that will warn him of his coming exit.（然后司机就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器提醒他到下一个出口。），可知司机需要听从系统的提示，按照提示操作，所以D选项“用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确，B选项“等待到达他的目的地”错误。A选项“保持在右车道行驶”和C选项“与计算机中心保持联系”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse.（一些悲观的专家认为汽车注定会被淘汰。），结合作者下文提出未来汽车的发展方向，可知作者不赞同悲观的观点，根据第六段最后一句It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.（据估计，自动化公路每小时将能够处理1万辆汽车，而现在的公路只能运送1500到2000辆汽车。），在文章最后作者大胆预料未来汽车的情况，可知作者看好未来汽车的发展，所以C选项“乐观”正确，B选项“悲观”和D选项“谨慎”错误。A选项“热情”不明显。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题This is the house _ last year when I was in this city.问题1选项A.about that I wrote to youB.that I wrote to youC.about which I wrote to youD.which I wrote to you【答案】C【解析】考查后置定语从句。句子主干是this is the house，横线和last year部分是修饰house的定语从句，根据短语write about sth.得出about放在先行词前，定语从句中，介词后面用which不用that，所以C选项about which I wrote to you符合题意。句意：这就是我去年在这个城市时写信告诉你的那所房子。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.问题1选项A.contribute toB.attribute toC.attend toD.devote to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项contribute to“（造成某情况）的一个原因”；B选项attribute to“把归因于”；C选项attend to“处理；照料”；D选项devote to“献身于；作专用”。句意：摄入太多脂肪会_心脏病和引起高血压。根据语境，摄入太多脂肪是造成心脏病的原因之一，所以contribute to“（造成某情况）的一个原因”符合题意。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题Without your help, _we so much.问题1选项A.didnt achieveB.would not have achievedC.will not achieveD.dont achieve【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。without引出虚拟语气，并且是对过去的事情进行虚拟，所以要用“would have done”。本句的意思是：“如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成就。”9. 单选题Did your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how todays students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.The first years findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didnt (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave “to enable me to get a good job” as their main reason for choosing high education. And 37 percent said that a degree was “part of my career plan”.A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice.“Medicine is one of those fields where its pretty likely youll get a job at the end. Thats a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening.” she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. “But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices,” the survey concludes.1. The main idea of the passage is that （ ）.2. “HE” in the 4th paragraph probably refers to （ ）.3. A young person coming from a non-professional household （ ）.4. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?5. It is implied that （ ）.问题1选项A.parents experience are more important for their childrens educationB.parents careers are vitally important for their childrens degreesC.students approach to higher education correlates with their parents educational experienceD.students career and employment prospects are decided by their parents问题2选项A.health education.B.higher employmentC.Harriet EdgeD.higher education问题3选项A.is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB.is more likely to choose vocational educationC.may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD.may choose to study for a professional degree问题4选项A.They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B.They are both the first-year students in university.C.Both of their parents lack college degrees.D.Both of them chose degrees for job security.问题5选项A.the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB.higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC.a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicineD.medicine is a field where every degree -holder can get a job【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章的主旨可以定位到第一段第二句The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how todays students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation（今天的学生如何选择学习领域，毕业后做什么，家长的教育经历仍然很重要），C项“学生接受高等教育的方式与其父母的教育经历有关”与之相呼应。A项“父母的经验对孩子的教育更为重要”；B项“父母的职业对孩子的学位至关重要”；D项“学生的职业和就业前景由他们的父母决定”，A、B、D三项在文中未体现。2.判断推理题。全文的中心是围绕higher education来写的，由文章主旨可知，此处选D“高等教育”。A项“健康教育”和B项“更高的就业率”，二项在文中均未提及；C项Harriet Edge是人名，在文中是作为例子出现的，并不是文中的主旨，不符合题意。3. 细节事实题。定位到第五段A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.（一个来自经济拮据的非职业家庭的年轻人可能会发现，为了学习而学习是一种奢侈。这就解释了职业课程的爆炸式增长）由此可知，B项“非职业家庭的年轻人更容易选择职业教育”正确。A项“不太可能得到经济资助”，C项“可能会认为学习是一个好主意”，D项“可能选择攻读专业学位”，均属于无中生有项。4. 细节事实题。定位到第六段首先Kim Burnett chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, also wanted job security（金伯内特选择了健康研究管理和心理学的学位，以获得一份安全、高薪的工作。哈里特埃奇也希望工作有保障），由此可知两人的共同之处是D项“他们两个都选择了工作保障学位”；A项“由于家庭的影响，他们都选择了自己的专业”和B项“他们都是大学一年级的学生”文中并未提及，属于无中生有；C项“他们的父母都没有大学学位”文中第六段只提到了Harriet Edge的父母没有大学学位。5.推理判断题。第七段第一句Medicine is one of those fields where its pretty likely youll get a job at the end. Thats a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening（医学是一个很有可能最终找到工作的领域。这是一个很大的优势，因为五年研究后的债务水平将是可怕的），由此可知A项“医学学位的费用很高”正确。B项“高等教育在医学上的投资是不值得的”定位到第七段最后一句some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile（一些学生最终可能会觉得他们的高等教育投资不值得），所以B项错误。C项“没有家庭医学传统的学生不太可能选择医学”从第七段一二句Medicine is one of those fields where its pretty likely youll get a job at the end, Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly.（医学是一个很有可能最终找到工作的领域，许多专家认为，这种情况对那些没有家庭高等教育传统的人的影响要大得多），因此C项与文意相反，排除。D项“医学是一个每个学位持有者都能找到工作的领域”，文中并未提及。10. 单选题Oil is Nigerias _ export.问题1选项A.eliteB.majorityC.spiceD.staple【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项elite“社会精英”；B选项majority“大部分；大多数”；C选项spice“（调味）香料；额外的趣味（或刺激等）”；D选项staple“（某国的）主要产品；主要部分”。句意：石油是尼日利亚出口的_。根据语境，D选项staple“（某国的）主要产品”搭配export“出口”比较合理，意思是石油是主要的出口产品。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She_. Ive already borrowed one.问题1选项A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。A项“不能”；B项“禁止”；C项“不必”；D项“不应该”。句意：露西不介意把她的词典借给你。不必了，我已经借到了一本。只有C项符合。12. 单选题Spies may have a number of _ names and papers.问题1选项A.artificialB.syntheticC.falseD.pretended【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，an artificial limb“假肢”；B选项synthetic“（用化学物质人工）合成的”，synthetic drugs“合成药物”；C选项false“伪造的”，a false passport“假护照”；D选项pretended“假装的”。句意：间谍可能有许多_的名字和文件。根据语境，间谍为了假冒身份，有许多false“伪造的”文件。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题John _ better than to go swimming right after eating.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：你应该知道不能吃完饭就去游泳。根据John在之前就know刚吃完饭不能游泳，对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；结合语境，这里指本来就该知道，加上情态动词should后句意通顺，D选项should have known符合题意。A选项shall know中shall意思为“将要”，不符合题意。B选项shouldnt know不符合题意。因此D选项正确。14. 单选题The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His initial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his ship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilberts half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the region that he named “Virginia”. Under Raleighs direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587.The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?2. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing colonies in North America?3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir Humphrey Gilbert is true?4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about members of the first Roanoke settlement?5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true?问题1选项A.The Regulation of Trading Companies.B.British-Spanish Rivalry in the New World.C.Early Attempts at Colonizing North America.D.Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century.问题2选项A.They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.B.They were members of large trading companies.C.They were immediately successful.D.They were acting on thei