考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学模拟考试题含答案10

考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Dont bother to arrange a meal, because we have just had lunch and able to eat anything（ ）问题1选项A.neither he nor I areB.neither he nor I isC.neither I nor he isD.neither he nor I am【答案】D【解析】句意: 不用费心再安排一顿饭了，我们刚吃过午饭，我们都吃不下了。语法题。考查主谓一致。neither.nor.，either.or., not only. but also.都是就近原则， 也就是谓语动词和最近的主语保持数或者谓语动词的一致，故排除A项和B项。英语中同时有第三人称和第一人称时,一般第一人称放后面,故选D。2. 单选题Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people （ ）harm them.问题1选项A.more thanB.other thanC.better thanD.rather than【答案】D【解析】句意: 发展核科学是给人们造福，而不是危害人们。短语辨析。More than多于，超出; other than除了; better than超过，多于; rather than而不是。故选D。3. 单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic（官僚主义的）management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the rune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and againby the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is （ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that（ ）.3.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ）.问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they are deprived of their individuality and independenceC.they take no interest in life and workD.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence问题3选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow competitorsD.who could keep far away from this competitive world问题4选项A.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsD.take the fundamental realities for granted.问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.susceptibility【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。“a well-oiled cog in the machinery”本意指 “机器上一个润滑良好的齿轮”。而该短语前面用了形容词small，后面说“yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless., 又强调了人的弱小。由此推测答案选C(与社会其他部分相比，这是一个不重要的部分，尽管起到润滑作用。2.细节事实题。题目问的是工薪阶层感到焦虑的原因, 定位至第二段: The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job (工薪阶层的人感到焦虑不仅是因为他们有可能会失业), 故排除A。后面说到: they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings (他们之所以感到焦虑是因为他们无法获得真正意义上的生活的满足感和乐趣，他们一生都不曾正视过作为情感上和智力上独立的且富有创造力的人类生存的基本现实)。由此可知, C和D不符合原文, B项正确。3.判断推理题。第三段指出: Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious (处于上流社会阶层的人和那些工薪阶 层的人一样忧虑), This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness (他们需耍不断证明自己比竞争对手好，因此常常忧虑并感受压力，这也是他们生病、不快乐的原因)。由此可知真正幸福的生活属于那些远离竞争世界的人。故选D。4.细节事实题。题干问的是社会问题的解决办法,由此定位至最后一段: I suggesttransforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements (我的建议是将我们的社会制度从一个本身以最大限度生产和消费为目的的官僚主义管理工业体制转变成以人及其潜能的充分开发（如爱和理性的潜能）作为社会安排的目的的人文主义工业体制)。故选A。5.观点态度题。作者首先指出了现有工业体制下的问题,在最后一段表明了自己的观点。作者建议我们 的社会需要从官僚主义管理工业体制向人文主义工业体制改变。故选B。4. 单选题We think （ ）possible for him to achieve his target in so many years.问题1选项A.itB.thatC.whatD.this【答案】A【解析】句意: 我们认为在这么多年里达成目标，于他而言是可能的。语法题。考查形式宾语。不定式to achieve his target in so many years为真正的宾语，possible为宾语补足语。当不定式作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移 至句末。故A正确。5. 翻译题In this section, there are ten English sentences. Translate them into proper Chinese and write the answers on your answer sheet.I came back yesterday from Hong Kong where I had spent two weeks vacation after the completion of the construction job I had been in charge of in the south.As he walked away, he turned for one last glimpse of her in the doorway, tiny and smiling and waving good-bye.Im lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up.His words failed him for the moment.Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.For countless ages the sun rose and set, the moon waxed and waned, the stars shone in the night, but it was only with the coming of Man that these things were understood.Many sketches are in existence of peasants seated by the roadside and men and women at work in the fields.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen.【答案】我在南方负责一项工程建设，任务完成之后，到香港度了两个星期的假，昨天刚回来。当他离开吋，他回过头来看了她最后一眼。只见她站在门口，体态娇小， 面带微笑，挥手向他告别。只有在我过度劳累的吋候，在我长时间不间断地工作的吋候，在我感到 内心空虚，需要充实的吋候，我才会感到寂寞。他一时说不出话来了。戏剧将脱胎换骨，变得更自由，更富想象力。应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人，特别是上瘾后的可怕后果。太阳升升落落，月亮盈盈亏亏，夜空星光闪烁，无数岁月就这样过去了， 只是到人类出现以后，这些才被理解。至今仍保存着许多素描，画的是坐在路旁的农民和在田间劳作的男女。我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。声明宣称：国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。6. 单选题The purpose of a （ ）is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry from foreign competition.问题1选项A.taxB.tariffC.feeD.toll【答案】B【解析】句意: 征收关税的目的在于削减进口，从而保护国内产业免受国际竞争。名词辨析。Tax征税，出租车; tariff关税,收费表; fee费用， 酬金; toll 征税, 代价。根据后半句意推测B项正确。7. 单选题I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half-hour nap（ ）me.问题1选项A.revivedB.releasedC.relievedD.recovered【答案】A【解析】句意: 我下班回家的时候累极了，但半小时的小睡又使我振作起来。动词辨析。revive （使）苏醒，复活; release释放; relieve缓解，减轻; recover康复。A项符合句意。8. 单选题We had no way to measure the exact distance we had traveled, but we thought it was （ ）five miles .问题1选项A.preciselyB.appropriatelyC.approximatelyD.apparently【答案】C【解析】句意: 我们没有办法精确测量我们的实际旅程，但是我们认为大概是5英里。副词辨析。Precisely精确地; appropriately适当地; approximately大约，大概; apparently 显然。因此C符合句意。9. 单选题Although we can imagine life based on something other than carbon chemistry, we know of no examples to tell us how such life might arise and survive. We must limit our discussion to life as we know it and the conditions it requires. The most important requirement is the presence of liquid water, not only as part of the chemical reactions of life, but also as a medium to transport nutrients and wastes within the organism.The water requirement automatically eliminates many worlds in our solar system. The moon is airless, and although some data suggest ice frozen in the soil at its poles, it has never had liquid water on its surface. In the vacuum of the lunar surface, liquid water would boil away rapidly. Mercury too is airless and cannot have had liquid water on its surface for long periods of time. Venus has some traces of water vapor in its atmosphere, but it is much too hot for liquid water to survive. If there were any lakes or oceans of water on its surface when it was young, they must have evaporated quickly. Even if life began there, no traces would be left now.The inner solar system seems too hot, and the outer solar system seems too cold. The Jovian planets have deep atmospheres, and at a certain level, they have moderate temperatures where water might condense into liquid droplets. But it seems unlikely that life could begin there. The Jovian planets have no surfaces where oceans could nurture the beginning of life, and currents in the atmosphere seem destined to circulate gas and water droplets from regions of moderate temperature to other levels that are much too hot or too cold for life to survive.A few of the satellites of the Jovian planets might have suitable conditions for life. Jupiters moon Europa seems to have a liquid-water ocean below its icy crust, and minerals dissolved in that water would provide a rich broth of possibilities for chemical evolution. Nevertheless, Europa is not a promising site to search for life because conditions may not have remained stable for the billions of years needed for life to evolve beyond the microscopic stage. If Jupiters moonsinteract gravitationally and modify their orbits, Europa may have been frozen solid at some points in history.Saturns moon Titan has an atmosphere of nitrogen, argon and methane and may have oceans of liquid methane and ethane on its surface. The chemistry of life that might crawl or swim on such a world is unknown, but life there may be unlikely because of the temperature. The surface of Titan is a deadly-179 C (-290 F). Chemica) reactions occur slowly or not at all at such low temperatures, so the chemical evolution needed to begin life may never have occurred on Titan.Mars is the most likely place for life in our solar system. The evidence, however, is not encouraging. Meteorite ALH84001 was found on the Antarctic ice in 1984. It was probably part of debris ejected into space by a large impact on Mars. ALH84001 is important because a team of scientists studied it and announced in 1996 that it contained chemical and physical traces of ancient life on Mars.Scientists were excited too, but being professionally skeptical, they began testing the results immediately. In many cases, the results did not confirm the conclusion that life once existed on Mars. Some chemical contamination from water on Earth has occurred, and some chemicals in the meteorite may have originated without the presence of life. The physical features that look like fossil bacteria may be mineral formations in the rock.Spacecraft now visiting Mars may help us understand the past history of water there and paint a more detailed picture of present conditions. Nevertheless, conclusive evidence may have to wait until a geologist in a space suit can wander the dry streambeds of Mars cracking open rocks and searching for fossils.We are left to conclude that, so far as we know, our solar system is bare of life except for Earth. Consequently, our search for life in the universe takes us to other planetary systems.1.The word automatically in the passage is closest in meaning to （ ）.2.Which of the following statements about the water on Venus is true?3.How will scientists confirm the existence of life on Mars?4.According to paragraph 5, why would life on Titan be improbable?5.Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the authors opinion about life in our solar system?问题1选项A.partiallyB.actuallyC.occasionallyD.naturally问题2选项A.The water evaporated because of the high temperatures.B.The water became frozen in the polar regions.C.Only a little water is left in small lakes on the surface.D.Rain does not fall because there is no atmosphere.问题3选项A.By sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.B.By looking at fossils on Mars.C.By viewing pictures taken of Mars.D.By studying the present conditions on Mars.问题4选项A.It does not have an oceanB.It is not a planet.C.It is too coldD.It has a low atmosphere.问题5选项A.Life is probably limited to planets in the inner solar system.B.There is a large body of evidence supporting life on Mars.C.There is little probability of life on other planetsD.We should explore our solar system for conditions that support life.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。Automatically所在句子为: The water requirement automatically eliminates many worlds in our solar system (对于水的需求 使人类否定了太阳系中的很多星球)。分析句子结构可知automatically应该是副词, 表达的意思大概为 “自然而然, 自动地”。 四个选项分别为A “部分地”，B “实际上”，C “偶尔”和D “自然而然地”，故与文中automatically意思最接近的选项为D。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词the water on Venus 定位至第二段: Venus has some traces of water vapor in its atmosphere, but it is much too hot for liquid water to survive. If there were any lakes or oceans of water on its surface when it was young, they must have evaporated quickly (在金星上可以找到水蒸气的痕迹，但是这个星球温度太高了以至于液体根本无法存在。就算在初期这个星球上有过湖泊或者海洋，那他们肯定也迅速蒸发干了)。因此A项 “金星上的水因高温蒸发了”与原文相符。3.细节事实题。倒数第二段指出: Spacecraft now visiting Mars may help us understand the past history of water there and paint a more detailed picture of present conditions. Nevertheless, conclusive evidence may have to wait until a geologist in a space suit can wander the dry streambeds of Mars cracking open rocks and searching for fossils (到达火星的宇宙飞船可能会对我们了解火星上有关水的历史并针对当前情况绘制出更加详细的地图有所帮助。然而，具有决定性影响的证据恐怕还得等地质学家穿上航空服漫游在火星干涸的河床上，橇开岩石获得相关化石之后)。因此B项 “观察火星上的化石”正确。4.细节事实题。第五段指出: but life there may be unlikely because of the temperature. The surface of Titan is a deadly-179C (-290 F). Chemical reactions occur slowly or not at all at such low temperatures, so the chemical evolution needed to begin life may never have occurred on Titan (那儿的气温使得生命存在的可能性不大。Titan的表面温度为-179C。在如此低温环境下，化学反应非常慢或者说完全没有化学反应，因此生命起源的化学进化几乎不会在Titan发生)。故选C“温度太低”。5.细节事实题。最后一段: We are left to conclude that, so far as we know, our solar system is bare of life except for Earth. Consequently, our search for life in the universe takes us to other planetary systems (我们可以得出这样的结论：据我们所知，我们的太阳系除了地球以外，没有生命。因此，我们对宇宙中生命的探索将我们带到其他行星系统)。故选D。10. 单选题The American society is （ ）an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.问题1选项A.established onB.affiliated toC.originated fromD.incorporated with【答案】A【解析】句意: 美国社会是建立在自然资源的不稳定的基础上的，这与环境恶化的可能性相关联。短语辨析。Be established on 以为基础; be affiliated to隶属于; be originated from起源于，创始于; be incorporated with结合。根据题干中的foundation(基础)判断A符合句意。11. 单选题The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.1.The statement “In my bridge less fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” (Para. 2) suggests that （ ）.2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment?5.What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?问题1选项A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB.the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties.C.there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950sD.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s问题2选项A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three time a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easilyD.People had effective ways to preserve their food问题3选项A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Traveling salesmen问题4选项A.“Hum away continuously”B.“Climatically almost unnecessary”C.“Artificially-cooled space”D.“With mild temperatures”问题5选项A.Neutral.B.Critical.C.ObjectiveD.Compromising【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed we