考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案4

考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题It is reported that fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, （ ）the same company.问题1选项A.much worseB.less likelyC.all elseD.let alone【答案】D【解析】句意:据报道，如今越来越少的工人愿意一辈子从事一个领域的工作，更不用说在一个公司了。考查短语辨析。much worse 更糟糕的是;less likely 最不可能的是;all else 其他一切；let alone 更不用说。故D符合句意。2. 单选题He showed no signs of pain（ ） to his death.问题1选项A.beforeB.precedingC.priorD.following【答案】C【解析】考察固定搭配。prior to “在之前”。句意：他临死前没有表现出任何痛苦的迹象。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题（ ） such as a washing machine and microwave offer a lot of convenience to people in their housework.问题1选项A.ApplicationsB.InstrumentsC.AppliancesD.Facilities【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项application表示“应用；申请；应用程序”；B选项instrument表示“仪器；工具；乐器；手段；器械”；C选项appliance表示“装置；器具，器械（尤指家用电器）”；D选项facility表示“设备，工具；容易；灵巧；才能；天赋”。根据a washing machine and microwave（洗衣机和微波炉）可知，句意是指家用电器为人们在家务上提供了很多方便。因此，本题的正确答案为C项。4. 单选题The policeman declared that the blow on the victims head （ ）from behind.问题1选项A.should have been madeB.must have been madeC.would have been madeD.ought to have been made【答案】B【解析】考查语法中情态动词表推测的用法。A项should have done表示“本该做某事（其实没做）”；B项must have done表示“定做了某事”；C项would have done表示“将会做某事”，常用于表达虚拟语气；D项ought to have done表示“本该做某事”，比should have done语气强，意思为根据责任或者义务应该做。句意：警察宣称受害者头上的伤一定是从后面猛击造成的。故本题正确答案为B项。5. 单选题It was clear that the garden was no more amateur affair; it had been（ ）professionally.问题1选项A.laid outB.laid downC.laid offD.laid aside【答案】A【解析】考查固定词组搭配。A选项laid out表示“安排，陈列，花费”；B选项laid down表示“放下，主张，铺设”；C选项laid off表示“下岗，解雇”；D选项laid aside表示“搁置，储存，留存”。it指代前文中的the garden，而空缺处需填入动词短语的过去分词形式构成被动，由句意可知“（按计划）安排；布局；陈列”最合适，因此本题正确答案为A。【句意】很显然，这个花园不再是业余者做的事情，而是经过专业的布局。6. 单选题They are trying to （ ）the waste discharged by the factory for profit.问题1选项A.exposeB.exhaustC.exhibitD.exploit【答案】D【解析】句意:他们尝试着通过利用工厂排出的废物來创造利润。考查动词辨析。expose 揭发，揭露; exhaust 用完，花光，使筋疲力尽； exhibit 展览，显示；exploit 运用。故D符合句意。7. 单选题People buy insurance in order to（ ）a small, certain, tolerable loss for a large, uncertain,catastrophic one.问题1选项A.returnB.substituteC.instituteD.predict【答案】B【解析】考查固定词组搭配。固定搭配substitute .for.表示“用代替”。A选项return表示“返回，报答，回击”；C选项institute表示“实行，授予（学位），提起（诉讼）”；D选项predict表示“预言，预测”。【句意】人们买保险是为了用一个可以确定和容忍的小损失来替代大的、不确定的、灾难性的损失。8. 单选题Over a third of the population was estimated to have no（ ）to the health service问题1选项A.assessmentB.accessC.assignmentD.exception【答案】B【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项assessment表示“评定，估价”；B选项access表示“进入，通道，机会”；C选项assignment表示“分配，任务”；D选项exception表示“例外，异议”。词组have access to可表示“使用，接近，可以利用”，其余3项不可与have构成搭配。句意：估计有超过三分之一的人口没有享受到医疗服务。因此本题正确答案为B选项。9. 单选题（ ） that night. the union government would have been overthrown.问题1选项A.If he were assassinatedB.Were he assassinatedC.He had been assassinatedD.Had he been assassinated【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。在if虚拟条件句中，如果是对过去情况的虚拟，则条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have+动词过去分词形式。如果虚拟条件句中有were，had或should，则可以将if省略，将这几个词提到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗杀，那么联邦政府可能就已经被推翻了。故本题正确答案为D。10. 单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic （官僚主义的）management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and human-relations experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it.In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life-They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salaiy but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of subniissiveness and independence.From the moment on they arc tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century free enterprise capitalism? Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of all love and of reason are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By a well-oiled cog in the machinery the author intends to deliver the idea that man is（ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that（ ）.3.From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ）.问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the societyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived of their individuality and independence问题3选项A.who could keep far away from this competitive worldB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD.who are at the bottom of the society问题4选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.susceptibility【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“.yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless.”, 由此推断, 作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮, 实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知, 工人和雇员们焦虑不仅是因为他们可能面临着失业, 他们焦虑也因为他们不能获得任何有趣的生活和真正的满足, 但是真正的原因还是第二段的最后一句“They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.”, 选项D他们被剥夺了个性和独立性, 符合原文, 所以选D。3.判断推理题。根据原文以及题干可知, 作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处于一个竞争激烈的社会之中, 只有远离了竞争激烈的社会, 才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项A正确。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“I suggest transforming our social system form, ., into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements. 我建议改变我们的社会制度形式，在这种社会安排中，人及其全部的爱和理性的潜能的充分发展是社会安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分发挥人的潜能的建议来解决当前的社会问题，选项C符合原文。5.观点态度题。根据文章内容可知, 作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用, 最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义, 所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。11. 单选题Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century.The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters（1） natural beauty, the sublime, and representation a trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature.（2）that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more prominent and has begun to（3）the philosophy of nature.Various issues central to the philosophy of art have had a（4）impact（5）the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics.（6）among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and（7）distinction between representation and expression.Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art.Two opposing theoretical positions（8）on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good,（9）the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself.Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics.In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment.Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought,（10）have followed either of two approaches.In one, criticism is restricted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art.（11）it is devoted to the articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to（12）a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry.The concerns of contemporary aesthetics include such（13）problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture; the viability of a history of art; the（14）of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in practical（15）in the conduct of everyday affairs.问题1选项A.forB.asC.toD.with问题2选项A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.In问题3选项A.plantB.supplantC.transplantD.replant问题4选项A.markingB.remarkingC.markedD.remarked问题5选项A.onB.forC.inD.to问题6选项A.ForebodingB.ForemostC.ForethoughtfulD.Foregone问题7选项A.atB.forC.toD.on问题8选项A.have broughtB.have been broughtC.have takenD.have been taken问题9选项A.whereasB.whereinC.whereonD.wherefore问题10选项A.artistsB.writersC.criticsD.analysts问题11选项A.In the other mannerB.In the other wayC.In anotherD.In the other问题12选项A.justifyB.justifiedC.justifyingD.having justified问题13选项A.diverseB.dividedC.divineD.dividual问题14选项A.relianceB.reliabilityC.reliefD.relevancy问题15选项A.reasonB.reasonablenessC.reasoningD.reasonability【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:C第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根据原文句意：这一时期的西方哲学家和批评家们把大量的注意力放在了诸如自然美、崇高和表现等问题上。such as意为“诸如，比如”。选项B符合句意。2.考查介词辨析。根据句意：然而，从那时起，艺术哲学变得更加突出.。since意为“自.以后”符合语境，所以选项A正确。3.形近词辨析题。A选项plant“种植，栽培”；B选项supplant“代替，排挤掉”；C选项transplant “移植”；D选项replant“移居”。由关键词“and”前面的内容可知，后面应该是指4.艺术哲学取代自然哲学。选项B正确。5.形近词辨析题。A选项marking“标记的”；B选项remarking“评论”；C选项marked“显著的”；D选项remarked“评论，察觉”。句意：艺术哲学的各种核心问题对20世纪的美学方向产生了显著的影响。选项C符合原文句意。6.考查固定搭配。have an impact on sth.为固定介词搭配，所以选项A正确。7.形近词辨析题。A选项Foreboding“预感的，不祥之兆的”；B选项Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C选项Forethoughtful“深谋远虑的，有先见之明的”；D选项Foregone“过去的，先前的”。根据下一句“Still another far-reaching question.”可知，填空处所填单词应和“far-reaching”相对应。句意：在这些问题中，最重要的是有关艺术作为形式的理论.。选项B更符合原文语境。8.考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，这里是由and连接的两个并列句，and后面实际上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介词应该填入“to”，选项C正确。9.考查语法时态。根据下文“one holds that.”可推测，填空处应表示：在这个问题上，采取了两种对立的理论立场。由此可排除选A和B；再分析句子可知，这里的主语是“Two opposing theoretical positions”，所以应使用被动语态，选项D符合原文。10.考查逻辑连词。A选项whereas“然而”；B选项wherein“在其中，在何处”；C选项whereon“在那上面”；D选项wherefore“因此”。根据句意：一种立场认为，艺术以及对艺术的欣赏是实现某些公认的道德行为的一种手段， 另一种观点则认为，艺术本身就具有价值，这也是它自身的目的。这是两种相反的观念，所以选项A符合原文语境。11.上下文推断题。根据上文“In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment. 近年来，人们也越来越专注于把艺术作为批判性判断的主要对象。”根据关键词“critical judgment”以及下文的关键词“criticism”可知，填空处应填入批评家。选项C符合原文。12.上下文推断题。根据上文的“In one”，可知填空处应填入“In the other”，都是省略了approach这个单词，所以选项D正确。考查并列结构。这里是由and连接的两个并列结构，前面句子的谓语动词是“articulating”，所以填空处也应该使用动词的-ing形式。选项C正确，选项D是完成时态，不符合语法结构和语境。13.形近词辨析题。A选项diverse“多种多样的”；B选项divided“分裂的，分开的”；C选项 divine“神圣的，天赐的”；D选项dividual“分开的，独特的”。句意：当代美学关注的问题包括风格的本质及其美学意义等多方面的问题。选项A符合原文句意。14.形近词辨析题。A选项reliance“信赖，信心”；B选项reliability“可靠性”；C选项relief“救济，减轻，解除”；D选项relevancy“关联，恰当”。句意：审美与文化的关系；艺术历史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理学和其他形式的心理学研究与批评的关联性.。选项D更符合语境。15.形近词辨析题。A选项reason“原因”；B选项reasonableness“合理，妥当”；C选项reasoning“推理，论证”；D选项reasonability“合理性”。根据句意：.以及审美判断在日常事务的实践推理中的地位。选项C符合原文语境。12. 单选题Despite his disappointing record this year, I（ ）feel he is the best man in our team.问题1选项A.howeverB.thereforeC.nonethelessD.otherwise【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE考查副词词义辨析。A选项however表示“然而，可是”，表转折，后面必须用逗号隔开；B选项therefore表示“所以，因此”；C选项nonetheless表示“尽管如此，但是”；D选项otherwise表示“否则”。由Despite“尽管”可知，空缺处应表转折关系，因此只有C符合句意。A项however虽然也表示转折，但后面必须用逗号隔开；【句意】虽然他今年的成绩差强人意，但我仍然觉得他是我们队最好的球员。13. 单选题Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so Im going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. Virtually in any public space.Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person cant walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.So, a cellphone. Any cellphone. Just pick it up. Dont dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business:“Yes, Im glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. Whats that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there.”Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your phone, shrug and move on.Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching (用手捏) unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, youd be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. “So I dont need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news.”And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. “What is the matter with this thing?” I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear.“Hello? Are you still there?”Oops.1.Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?2. What is faking foning?3. In the authors opinion, in order to make foning look real one has to4. What does the last example show?5. After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author问题1选项A.Cellphone service is popular among people.B.Fake foning is a new cellphone service.C.Cellphone has much use in office.D.Fake foning is a new discovery.问题2选项A.A device newly produced.B.A strategy to avoid people.C.A service provided everywhere.D.A skill of communication.问题3选项A.talk about interesting matters.B.hold the phone while walking.C.appear absorbed in conversation.D.behave politely to people passing by.问题4选项A.One has to be careful while fake foning.B.One effective way is to fake fone ones doctor.C.Fake foning may not deceive people.D.Fake foing is always quite successful.问题5选项A.immediately started talking to the caller.B.immediately started talking to his colleague.C.put the phone away and stopped talking.D.continued with his faking conversation.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。本题要找出说法错误的选项，可采用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手机服务，因此选项A“手机服务对人们来说很普遍”正确。B选项说fake foning是一项新的手机服务，明显错误。而由文章第二段可知，这种方法在办公室非常有用，故C项正确。文章第一段第二句指出可能已经有相当多的人在用这种方法了，但作者才刚刚发现，故D项正确。因此本题正确答案应为B项。2.推理判断。本题询问fake foning的含义，这正是文章的主题。虽然原文没有给出fake foning的确切定义，但通过原文内容推理可知，fake foning就是假装接听手机的意思。而foning也假借了ph的发音，其含义其实就是phoning。由原文第四段和第五段可以看出，这种假装接电话的目的是colleague avoidance，故B选项正确。其余选项均为对文中语句的混淆解释。3.推理判断题。题干询问“为了让假接手机看起来更真实，作者认为应该怎么做”。由原文第四段最后一句可知，要根据你想要避开的人而改变谈论的主题和内容，因此不能只谈论有趣的话题，故A项错误。而“走路的时候拿着手机”显然也不能单纯地提高真实性，故B项错误。根据原文第七段可知，要专注接听电话，对路过的人只需用眼神交流一下，点点头，同时还要指指电话，表示在讲电话，只能以后再聊，但并不能推断出这种礼貌地回应能让假接手机看起来更真实，故D项错误。只有C项“装成投入到交谈中的样子（没有注意到旁人）”最真实，最符合题意。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问文中最后一个例子的含义，其实也就是询问最后四段的主旨。这个例子是讲作者有一次在假装接电话时，正好有一个电话打进来，作者只好急中生智，装成手机出问题断线了，而自己还不知道后面又继续通话，可见假接电话也要多加小心，故A选项正确。在这个例子中，作者只是刚好假装在和医生通话，故B选项错误。C选项认为fake foning可能欺骗不了别人，是片面的，作者就很巧妙地化解了尴尬局面，成功骗了同事。选项D说假装接电话总是成功的，根据最后这个例子来看这也未必，还是需要小心的。因此本题正确答案为A选项。5.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段可知，当电活铃突然响起时，作者正好与同事四目相对，但是作者并未惊慌，只是很自然地说道：“这东西出什么毛病了?”同时拿开手机看了一下，然后重新放回耳边说到：“喂喂喂，还在吗?”由此可以看出，作者是对同事说了一句话，因此本题正确答案为B选项。14. 单选题He was（ ） to tell the truth even to his closed friend.问题1选项A.too much of a cowardB.too much the cowardC.a coward enoughD.enough of a coward【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。句意：他太胆怯，甚至都不敢把真相告诉他的好朋友。too much of a. to do sth.是英语中的固定用法，是too.to. 句式与much of a.句式的混合用法，表示“太而不能”，只有A项符合，因此答案选A。15. 单选题The manager promised to keep me（ ）of how our business was going on.问题1选项A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。keep sb.informed of sth.意为“让某人了解某事”。句意：经理答应会让我知道我们的生意进展如何。选项C正确。16. 单选题In order to（ ）the rising production costs, the subscription rates have been increased.问题1选项A.add up toB.look up toC.cut shortD.keep up with【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。A选项add up to“合计达.，总共达.”；B选项look up to“尊敬”；C选项cut short“缩短，缩减”；D选项keep up with“跟上，赶上”。句意：为了跟上不断上涨的生产成本，订阅费已经提高了。选项D符合语境。17. 单选题For years she was dependent on drugs and drink and it was only in her fifties that she finally managed to overcome these（ ）.问题1选项A.accessoriesB.addictionsC.attachmentsD.admission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项accessory表示“配件；附件；从犯”；B选项addiction表示“上瘾；沉溺；嗜好”；C选项attachment表示“附件；依恋；连接物”；D选项admission表示“承认；录用；进入许可；坦白”。根据dependent on drugs and drink可知，她多年来都依赖毒品和酒精，在五十多岁时才最终设法克服毒瘾和酒瘾。因此，本题正确答案为B项。18. 单选题The other day an acquaintance of mine, an outgoing and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for