考研考博-考博英语-武汉理工大学模拟考试题含答案8

考研考博-考博英语-武汉理工大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: his is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who dont complete school in her city, replied,” I can tell you their names if you want. “In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that most almost every one of them graduates high school80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years.These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of schooldont ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapores are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers.Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-to-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.1. What can we infer from the Finnish district officials reply in Paragraph 2?2. Why is it important for kids to attend a high-quality pre-school? Which of the following is NOT true?3. The most important educational factor for a child to achieve success in school and life is to _.4. Why does Singapore lay so much emphasis on the role of teachers?5. What does the passage mainly discuss?问题1选项A.She expresses a desire to show off her good memory.B.She is willing to offer the information at any time.C.Her job requires her to remember all the students names.D.The basic education is paid much attention to in Finland.问题2选项A.Kids can learn better and more.B.Kids tend to be psychologically healthy when they grow up.C.Kids can have a brighter future.D.When they grow up, the kids wish to earn more money.问题3选项A.receive a good and early pre-schoolingB.prolong his or her learning time in schoolC.get instruction from more excellent teachersD.get person-to-person help from the teachers问题4选项A.Kids like serious teachers.B.Kids can have better chances to learn more and better.C.Good teachers can create a happy and relaxed environment.D.Kids want to keep a good relationship with teachers.问题5选项A.The importance of family economic conditions to kids success in study and life.B.The achievement gap between children from wealthy families and poorer ones.C.Some countries have achieved success in erasing the gap between children completely.D.How to narrow the achievement gap between kids from different family backgrounds.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第二句Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard.（芬兰确保每个孩子完成基础教育，并达到严格的标准）。D选项“芬兰非常重视基础教育”，根据文章内容，芬兰非常重视基础教育，未接受基础教育的孩子屈指可数，D选项正确。A选项“她想要炫耀她的好记性”， 文章并不是想要表明她的记性好，A选项可排除。B选项“她愿意随时提供信息”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“她的工作要求她记住所有学生的名字”，她的工作内容并不是要记住孩子的名字，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第三段。D选项“当他们长大了，孩子们希望赚更多的钱”，文章第三段提到the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.（上过学前班的孩子收入更高，有更好的工作，入狱或离婚的可能性更小。），可推测上过学前班的孩子挣得更多，有更好的工作，但并不是他们希望能够挣到更多的钱，D选项符合题意，因此选择D。A选项“孩子们可以学得更好、更多”，可以定位到文章第三段High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.（高质量的学前教育比任何其他教育干预都更有助于孩子在学校和生活中的机会）。A选项可排除。B选项“孩子们长大后心理往往是健康的”，可以定位到文章第三段and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.（孩子们长大后入狱的机会小），因此可推测，接受学前教育的孩子们长大后心理更健康，B选项可排除。C选项“孩子们可以有一个更光明的未来”，文章第三段the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs（孩子们有更好的工作，更高的收入），因此推测，接受高质量学前教育的儿童，可能有一个更光明的未来，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第三段第一、二句These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.（这些成功的故事为我们其他人提供了教训。首先，让孩子们早点上学。高质量的学前教育比任何其他教育干预都更有助于孩子在学校和生活中的机会）。A选项“接受良好和早期的学前教育”，符合文章所说的内容，儿童接受早期教育越早，越有助于获得成功，A选项正确。B选项“延长在学校的学习时间”，文章第四段提到KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students.（KIPP学生在学校的时间比普通美国学生多），这不是孩子成功的主要原因，可排除B选项。C选项“得到更多优秀教师的指导”，文章倒数第二段提到pour lots of effort to train teachers.（只是培训教师），可排除C选项。D选项“从老师那里得到面对面的帮助”，文章最后一段提到kids who start to struggle receive one-to-one support from their teachers.（开始有困难的会获得老师一对一的支持），但这不是孩子获得成功的根本原因，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第五段第二句Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective（美国的研究表明，拥有最高效教师的孩子学到的东西是低效教师的三倍）。B选项“孩子们可以有更好的机会学到更多更好的东西”，符合文章内容，高效教师使孩子学得更多，B选项正确。A选项“孩子们喜欢严肃的老师”，文章没有提到此内容，排除A选项。C选项“好的老师可以创造一个快乐和轻松的环境”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除C选项。D选项“孩子们想要和老师保持良好的关系”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文。A选项“家庭经济条件对孩子学习和生活成功的重要性”，文章第一段提到All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor（在世界各地，你在学校和生活中取得成功的机会更多地取决于你的家庭环境，而不是其他任何因素），因此文章的主要内容，便是家庭环境对孩子成功的重要性，且围绕此观点展开，A选项正确。B选项“富裕家庭和贫困家庭孩子之间的成就差距”，文章只是部分内容提到这个观点，B选项可排除。C选项“一些国家在完全消除儿童之间的差距方面取得了成功”，文章只是说让孩子接受基础教育方面取得较大的进展，并不是完全消除差距，C选项可排除。D选项“如何缩小不同家庭背景的孩子之间的成绩差距”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D。因此A选项正确。2. 翻译题中国人讲究“义利相兼，以义为先”。中非关系最大的“义”，就是用中国发展助力非洲的发展、最终实现互利共赢、共同发展。中方支持非洲人以非洲方式解决非洲问题，主张解决安全问题要标本兼治、综合施策。在工业、基础设施建设、投资和贸易便利化等领域，中非合作将为双方企业投资和贸易提供更多机会，从而提高非洲产业竞争力，弥补非洲基础设施缺口。在现代农业、绿色发展、减贫惠民等方面的合作，将促进中非企业分享先进技术和建立可持续发展模式，增强自主发展能力，提高公共治理水平。【答案】Chinese people pay attention to the phase of righteousness and concurrently to righteousness first. China-Africa relations the righteousness of the biggest boost Africas development is to use Chinas development, Ultimately achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. The common development of Chinas support of the African people in Africa way solve the problem of Africa, argues that to solve security problems to treat both comprehensive ShiCe. In the industrial areas such as infrastructure construction investment and trade facilitation, china-Africa cooperation will provide more opportunities for both business investment and trade, to improve industrial competitiveness, Africa gaps African infrastructure Green development in modern agricultureCooperation in poverty reduction and peoples well-being will encourage Chinese and African companies to share advanced technologies, establish sustainable development models, enhance their capacity for independent development and improve public governance.3. 单选题Originally, plastic was hailed for its potential to reduce humankinds heavy environmental footprint. The earliest plastic were invented as substitutes for shrinking supplies of natural materials like ivory or tortoiseshell. Today, plastic is perceived as natures nemesis. But a generic distaste for plastic can muddy our thinking about the trade-offs involved when we replace plastic with other materials.Take plastic bags, the emblem for all bad things. They clog storm drains, tangle up recycling equipment, litter parks and beaches and threaten wildlife on land and at sea. Such problems have fueled bans on bags around the world and in more than a dozen American cities. Unfortunately, the bans typically lead to a huge increase in the use of paper bags, which also have environmental drawbacks. In other words, plastics arent necessarily bad for the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.Its estimated that half of the nearly 600 billion pounds of plastics produced each, year go into single-use products. Some are indisputably valuable, like disposable syringes, which have been a great ally in preventing the spread of infectious diseases like HIV and even plastic water bottles, which, after diseases like the Japanese tsunami, are critical to saving lives. Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are essentially prefab litter with a heavy environmental cost.And theres another cost. Pouring so much plastic into disposable conveniences has helped to diminish our view of a family of materials we once held in high esteem. Plastic has become synonymous with cheap and worthless, when in fact those chains of hydrocarbons ought to be regarded as among the most valuable substances on the planet. If we understood plastics true worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.In a world of nearly seven billion souls and counting, we are not going to feed, clothe and house ourselves solely from wood, ore and stone; we need plastics. And in an era when were concerned about our carbon footprint, we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.Yet we cant hope to achieve plastics promise for the 21st century if we stick with wasteful 20th century habits of plastic production and consumption. We have the technology to make better and safer plastics-forged from renewable sources, rather than finite fossil fuels, using chemicals that inflict minimal or no harm on the planet and our health.1. From the results of banning plastic bags, we learn that _.2. What do we know about the single-use plastic products from the third paragraph?3. The author believes that people would stop wasting plastic if they _.4. Lightweight plastics enjoy great advantage over other materials in that that they are _.5. Whats the authors attitude towards the future of plastic?问题1选项A.better materials are still to be found to replace plastic bagsB.the way of making and using plastic bags matters a lotC.plastic bags really cause many environmental problemsD.the bans on plastic bags greatly boost the paper industry问题2选项A.Plastic bags account for only a small part.B.They are all indispensable in emergencies or disasters.C.Masses of them usually end up as litter.D.Most are made good use of by people.问题3选项A.knew the history of its inventionB.got punished for wasting itC.realized its impact on the environmentD.didnt take its value for granted问题4选项A.more durable and harder to breakB.energy-efficient in making and transportingC.easy to produce and useD.widely used in green technology问题5选项A.ObjectiveB.PessimisticC.PassionateD.Unknown【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句In other words, plastics arent necessarily bad for the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.（换句话说，塑料不一定对环境有害；我们制造和使用它们的方式才是问题所在。因此可推测，对于塑料对环境是否有害，取决于制造和使用方式）。B选项“制作和使用塑料袋的方法很重要”，B选项符合题意。A选项“人们仍在寻找更好的材料来取代塑料袋”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“塑料袋确实造成了许多环境问题”，文章对塑料袋造成禁令，但是也会造成纸袋的使用上升，因此可排除C选项。D选项“禁止使用塑料袋极大地促进了造纸业的发展”，文章中没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are essentially prefab litter with a heavy environmental cost.（然而，许多一次性用品，比如海滩清洁用品中常见的袋子、吸管和包装，本质上都是预制垃圾，造成了沉重的环境成本）。C选项“大量的垃圾通常会被丢弃”，文章所说，塑料的本质都是预制垃圾，因此可推测，塑料会被当成垃圾扔掉，因此C选项正确。A选项“塑料袋只占小部分”，文章所说，许多一次性用品，例如常见的袋子，说明塑料袋不只占小部分，因此A选项可排除。B选项“它们在紧急情况或灾难中都是必不可少的”，文章所说，它们只是对生命拯救至关重要，没有说是必不可少的，因此B选项可排除。D选项“大多数都被人们很好地利用了”，文章所说，会把塑料浪费在微不足道的一次性物品上，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段最后一句If we understood plastics true worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.（如果我们理解塑料的真正价值，我们就不会再把它浪费在微不足道的一次性物品上，而是更好地利用这种多功能材料为我们做的事情）。D选项“没有认为它的价值是理所当然的”，文章所说，如果人们理解塑料的真正价值，便不会浪费塑料，因此D选项正确。A选项“知道它的发明历史”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“因为浪费了它而受到惩罚”，文章没有提到，浪费塑料会受到惩罚，因此B选项可排除。C选项“意识到它对环境的影响”，文章所说，即便知道会污染环境，人们还是在浪费塑料，因此C选项可排除。因此正确答案为D选项。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第五段最后一句we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.（我们可以认识到，与许多其他材料相比，轻质塑料的生产和运输所消耗的能源更少）。B选项“在制造和运输上节能”，文章所说，轻质塑料的生产和运输所消耗的能源更少，因此B选项正确。A选项“更耐用，更不易断裂”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“易于生产和使用”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项。D选项“广泛应用于绿色科技”，塑料并没有广泛地运用在绿色科技，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。通读全文，作者既讲述了塑料的危害，也说了对于塑料的使用需要明白制作和使用方式以及理解塑料的真正价值，因此作者对待塑料的态度是客观理性的。A选项“客观的”符合作者的观点态度，因此正确答案为A选项。4. 单选题Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a childs nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early “maternal associations” struggled to uphold the ideas about child raising that had been prevalent in the eighteenth century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptation of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.At first, the only approach these mother knew was to “break the will” of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote “No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition-however sweet it appears.” Infant depravity, by which was meant the childs impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitted implicitly to parental guidance.In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the fathers order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say “Dear Mama”, so the toddler was alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one such trial of “will”, the child became permanently submissive. In passing, we can note that knowledge about a childs “No” period might have moderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the proverb “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness and sobriety. These moral principles fixed in the childs character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.1. When the author talks about ideas considered in “the spoiling of children”, he does not include _.2. According to the article, the mothers of 1820 were determined to _.3. Calvin is mentioned in this article to show _.问题1选项A.the nature of a childB.attitudes of spoiled children when they become adultsC.reasons why spoiling occursD.consequences from spoiling a child问题2选项A.develop independence in their childrenB.avoid exposing their children to spiritual ruinC.broaden the experiences of their childrenD.set good examples of their children问题3选项A.the derivation of the stern outlook of the PuritansB.French influence in the discipline of childrenC.a dissenting view in the spoiling childrenD.how the reformation moderated the severe discipline【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a childs nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.（关于“溺爱”孩子的观点总是涉及到什么是被宠坏的孩子，溺爱是如何发生的，溺爱的后果是什么。他们总是包括孩子的本性的概念和理想的孩子和理想的成人的概念）。B选项“被宠坏的孩子长大成人后的态度”，文章所说的是理想的成人的概念，B选项正确。A选项“孩子的天性”，文中提到孩子的天性，A选项可排除。C选项“发生溺爱的原因”，文章有所提到，C选项可排除。D选项“溺爱孩子的后果”，在文章中有所体现，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第二段最后一句They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.（他们总是被告知，被宠坏的孩子在以后的生活中会有麻烦，更重要的是，有精神毁灭的危险）。B选项“避免让他们的孩子受到精神的毁灭”，文章所说，被宠坏的孩子会有精神毁灭的危险，可推测1820年的母亲会避免孩子受到精神毁灭，因此B选项正确。A选项“培养孩子的独立性”，文章没有提到这个内容，A选项可排除。C选项“拓宽孩子们的经历”，文章没有提到拓宽孩子的经历，C选项可排除。D选项“为孩子们树立好榜样”，文章没有提到为孩子树立榜样，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第二句This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans.（这种方法最初来自法国新教改革家加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉的观点）。A选项“清教徒严厉观点的由来”，文章所说，加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉观点的由来，因此A选项正确。B选项“法国对儿童管教的影响”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“对溺爱孩子的不同意见”，文章没有提到，加尔文的观点是对溺爱孩子对的不同意见，C选项可排除。D选项“宗教改革是如何缓和严格的纪律的”，文章并没有提到宗教改革，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。5. 翻译题(1) Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action that we never recognize the assumptions cm which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject: if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water. (2) For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures.As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. (3) Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual