2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前模拟强化练习题96（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Her letter was in such a causal scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was almost （ ）.问题1选项A.unintelligibleB.vagueC.ambiguousD.illegible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unintelligible “莫名其妙的”；vague “模糊的，含糊的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的”；illegible “难辨认的；字迹模糊的”。句意：她信中的字迹非常随意,加上墨水很淡，几乎难以辨认。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题The British Library （ ）the right to a free copy of every new book published in the United Kingdom.问题1选项A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contain意为“包含，容纳”；retire意为“退休”；retain意为“保持，保留”；convey意为“传达，传递”。句意：在英国出版的每一版新书，大英博物馆都拥有免费获得一册的权利。3. 单选题For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the high street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that will change. Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choice. There will, however, be a cost; protecting the consumer from fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend high-street regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation.Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund when goods are faulty. But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence in their country is on a screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules of consumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, the on-line catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to extract a refund for a dud purchase.One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each others rules. But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an alternative. Let the electronic businesses do the “regulation” themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDAs rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.Consumers will still need to use their judgment. But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sortand the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down. In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more.1.According to the author, what will be the best policy for electronic commerce?2.In case an electronic shopper bought faulty goods from a foreign country, what could he do in the present circumstances?3.In the authors view, businesses would place a high premium on honest dealing because in the electronic world（ ）.4.We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is（ ）.5.The world “cyberspace” in the last paragraph probably refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.Self-regulation by the businesses.B.Strict consumer protection laws.C.Close international cooperation.D.Government protection.问题2选项A.Refuse to pay for the purchaseB.Go to the seller and ask for a refundC.Appeal to consumer protection lawsD.Complain about it via electronic mail问题3选项A.international cooperation would be much more enhancedB.consumers could easily seek government protectionC.a good reputation is a great advantage in competitionD.it would be easy for consumers to complain问题4选项A.very quickB.very cautiousC.very slowD.rather careless问题5选项A.the outer spaceB.artificial intelligenceC.the commercial worldD.computer networks【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第三段中的内容为：答案之一是各国政府更多地合作：承认彼此的规则。但这需要多年的工作和大量的详细规则。而且许多国家的规则对此来说都太不切实际了。然而，还有一种选择。让电子企业自己做“监管”，毕竟，这样做对他们是有利的。句中的“regulation” themselves即self-regulation，因此选A。第2题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down（新技术还将使他们更容易在公司让他们失望时大声抱怨）可知D选项“通过电子邮件抱怨”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中的In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset.（在电子商务中，诚实交易的声誉将是一种有价值的竞争资产）可知C选项“良好的声誉是竞争中的一大优势”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的For instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDAs rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.（例如，在线订购药品的客户可能更喜欢从美国购买药品，因为他们相信食品药品监督管理局的严格审查；或者他们可能认为FDA的规定过于严格，而选择从瑞士购买）可知FDA对药品的管理非常严格和谨慎，因此选B。第5题:词义题。文章主要介绍了电子商务交易存在的问题，故cyberspace与electronic commerce（电子商务）和the electronic world（电子世界）有关，而电子商务、电子世界是通过计算机网络进行的，因此选D。4. 单选题If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.Thats especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornells School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelors degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesnt pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion（销蚀）of corporate（公司的）faith in specialized degrees, Michigan States Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isnt constrained（限制）by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Scheetz. This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts（文科）people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, Mathematics, economics, science, human behaviorplus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize，“A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz. 1.What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?2.By saying “.but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line3, Para. 3), the author means （ ）.3.According to Scheetzs statement (Lines4-5, Para. 4), companies prefer（ ）.4.David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because（ ）.5.Which of the following statements does the author support?问题1选项A.Students with a bachelors degree in humanities.B.People with an MBA degree from top universities.C.People with formal schooling plus work experience.D.People with special training in engineering.问题2选项A.most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB.an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC.MBA programs will not be as popular in five years time as they are nowD.in five years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got问题3选项A.people who have a strategic mindB.people who are talented in fine artsC.people who are ambitious and aggressiveD.people who have received training in mechanics问题4选项A.they are more capable of handling changing situationsB.they can stick to established ways of soiling problemsC.they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD.they have attended special programs in management问题5选项A.Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B.Formal schooling is less important than job training.C.On-the-job training is in the long run, less costly.D.Generalists will outdo specialists in management.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.”最近的一项调查显示，企业喜欢那些只需要很少的在职培训就能立即上手工作的商业和卫生保健等领域的毕业生。再根据第二段最后一句“Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.”尤其是大公司，要求有正规教育背景和工作经验。由此可知，受过正规教育加上有工作经验的人在就业市场上的需求量最大，所以选项C符合原文。第2题:判断推理题。作者在下文也就是第四段给出了解释：密歇根州立大学的Scheetz援引了企业招聘实践中的一种模式，进一步证明企业对持有专业学位人士的信心正在减弱。虽然公司倾向于聘用专业人才作为新员工，但他们往往会找寻全能人才作为中高层管理。由此可推断，作者认为“MBA学位无助于晋升到管理职位”，选项B符合原文。第3题:判断推理题。根据第四段最后一句“They want someone who isnt constrained（限制）by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, says Scheetz.”Scheetz说：“他们想要一个不受细枝末节限制且能顾全大局的人。也就是具有战略思维的人，” 选项A正确。第4题:细节事实题。根据关键词“David Birch”定位到最后一段第四句“I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, says Birch.”Birch说:“我只聘用文科人才，因为他们做事的方式不那么死板。”也就是说，他们有能力处理变化无常的事情，选项A正确。第5题:判断推理题。根据第四段的内容“although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.”虽然公司倾向于聘用专业人才作为新员工，但他们往往会找寻全能人才作为中高层管理。由此可知，在管理层面，全能型人才胜过专业型人才。选项D符合原文。选项A，B，C在文中均没有提及。5. 单选题Government today plays an increasingly larger role in the （ ）of welfare, economics,and education.问题1选项A.scopesB.rangesC.ranksD.domains【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scope “范围，眼界，视野”；range “范围；幅度”；rank“级别，等级”；domain “领域，域，域名”。句意：现在政府在很多领域扮演着重要的角色，比如福利、经济和教育等。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题High levels of radon have been （ ）in the house.问题1选项A.observedB.noticedC.extractedD.detected【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。observe意为“观察，研究”；notice意为“注意”；extract意为“提取，提炼”；detect意为“查明，发现，侦察出”。句意：房子里发现了高浓度的氡。7. 单选题The hopes, goals, fears and desires （ ）widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.问题1选项A.alterB.varyC.transferD.shift【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改变，更改；vary改变，变化；transfer转移，转变；shift转移，变换。句意：希望、目标、恐惧和欲望在男人和女人之间、富人和穷人之间大不相同。这几个词都有改变的意思，但是只有vary能和后面的between搭配，意为“在.之间变化、有差异”，所以选项B正确。8. 单选题A landing on Mars is within the（ ） of current physical theory.问题1选项A.dimensionB.volumeC.magnitudeD.scope【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dimension “维，尺寸”；volume “量，体积；卷”；magnitude “大小，量级”；scope “范围”。句意：登陆火星属于现代物理理论的范围。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题He is a promising young man who is now studying at our graduate school. As his supervisor,I would like to （ ）him to your notice.问题1选项A.commendB.decreeC.presumeD.articulate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。commend “推荐，称赞”；decree “命令，颁布，判决”；presume “假定，推测”；articulate “发音，清楚地讲话”。句意：他是个有前途的年轻人，现在在我们研究院学习，作为他的导师，我乐意向你推荐他。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened Americas （ ）process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases.问题1选项A.efficientB.stagnantC.complexD.appropriate【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题The bed has been （ ）in the family. It was my great-grandmothers originally.问题1选项A.handed outB.handed overC.handed downD.handed round【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。hand out分发，施舍；hand over上交，移交；hand down宣布；流传下来；hand round分发，传递。句意：这张床是我们家流传下来的。它原本是我曾祖母的。选项C更符合语境。12. 单选题In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler （ ）respectable social scientists who agree with him.问题1选项A.recitesB.confirmsC.quotesD.convinces【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。recite意为“背诵，朗诵，列举”；confirm意为“确认，批准，证实”；quote意为“引述，引用”；convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”。句意：为了加强他的论点，托夫勒引用了同意他观点的受人尊敬的社会科学家的话。13. 翻译题一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难，但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。自古以来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉，我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。当今社会要求我们思考，生命的价值到底是什么？为自己？为社会？有衡量它的标准吗？每个人对这些问题的答案是不同的。【答案】What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of ones existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of the common laborers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our country.Nowadays society requires us to think what is the value of life. For oneself? For the society? Is there a standard to measure it? Everyone has different answers to these questions.14. 单选题Physically we feel comfortable. But （ ）, we suffer a lot.问题1选项A.psychologicallyB.moderatelyC.naturallyD.precisely【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。psychologically “心理上地”；moderately “适度地”；naturally “自然地”；precisely “精准地”。句意：我们身体上很舒服，但是精神上备受折磨。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题A great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the （ ） of becoming white collar workers.问题1选项A.privilegeB.advantageC.profitD.preference【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。privilege “特权”；advantage “优势”；profit “利润，利益”；preference “偏爱，倾向”。句意：很多人愿意为白领阶层的优越性而放弃更高的工资。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题The secretary （ ）the foreign minister of an interview he was to give that afternoon.问题1选项A.remindedB.reassuredC.consultedD.insured【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。remind意为“提醒，使想起”，remind sb. of sth.意为“提醒某人某事”；reassure意为“使安心，打消的疑虑”；consult意为“商议，商量”；insure意为“保证”。句意：秘书提醒外交部长那天下午他要进行一次采访。17. 单选题In Disneyland every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to （ ）signs asking his “guests” not to step on therm.问题1选项A.put downB.put outC.put upD.put off【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。put down镇压，贬低；put out熄灭，打扰；put up提供，建造，张贴；put off推迟，阻止。句意：在迪斯尼乐园，每年大约有80万个植物被替换，因为迪斯尼拒绝张贴告示要求游客不要踩到植物。选项C符合句意。18. 单选题Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication （ ）.问题1选项A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。tragedy悲剧，灾难；vacuum真空；question问题，疑问；barrier障碍，界线。句意：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的眼神交流可能会造成沟通障碍。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题A good way to （ ） a language is to live in the native culture with the native speakers.问题1选项A.requireB.acquireC.inquireD.sustain【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。require “需要”；acquire “获得，取得；学到”；inquire “询问，查究”；sustain “维持，支撑”。句意：学习一种语言的好方式是跟那里的本地人一样居住在那个国家。选项B符合题意。20. 翻译题In 1924, a Mexican philosopher wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This of man is being borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological (a.人类学的) sense. A vast mosaic (n.拼盘) of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim. From the perspective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable. It is truly striking.What is common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place?It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immigrants to America is the essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combination of two things that are important: culture and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebodyto find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical sense, but in the sense of opportunity, of social mobility. In societies that are in crisis or are stagnant(a.停滞的)or even are stable there is no chance to try.If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always thinks, “I will try again.”If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged and pessimistic, accepting the place that was given to him. In America, hes thinking, “I will have another chance, I will try again.” That keeps him going. Hes full of hope.【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲学家在他的一本著作中，梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上，即便不是在人种的意义上，这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突，从这个角度来看，这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。也的确令人瞩目。使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢？目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国文化的主要特性：有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。文化使你得想办法出人头地去发现自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间，不仅仅是地理意义上的空间，更是指机会，指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中，在停滞不前的社会中甚至在那些稳定的社会中没有尝试的机会。如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败，他总是想：“我要再试一下”。如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败，他就会失去信心，变得悲观失望，接受自己所处的地位。在美国，他想的是：“我还会有机会，我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。