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专题十八 任务型阅读1.(2019河北)阅读短文，并按要求完成6670题Critical thinking(批判性思维) is trying to improve the way you think. People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims(评估主张).Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a problem comes our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it. When we see an advertisement, for example, we should stop and think. Advertisements are made to make people feel certain that they are true, and then people can buy the products. But is what the advertisement says true? Is it making a claim? Or does it only interest us? Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices. In fact, we are using it if we ask questions naturally about what we see.Practice makes perfect. While you are growing in critical thinking, youll become a wiser and more thoughtful person. There are many ways of doing practice. Here are a few.Read about a topic people disagree on. Look at articles or books on all sides of the subject. For each side of the subject, think carefully and evaluate it.When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and why?Evaluate your own thinking. Where and why do you think uncritically? How can you improve?Critical thinking should be part of everything we do.It may help you to succeed at work or school.Make yourself into a habit of critical thinking. Change your thoughts and change your world.66、67题完成句子；68题简略回答问题；69题找出并写下第二段的主题句；70题将文中画线句子译成汉语。66. People use critical thinking to _ and evaluate claims.67. Critical thinking can stop us from _.68. What kind of person will you become as you grow in critical thinking?_69. _70. _【答案】：66. solve problems. 67. making poor choices. 68. Ill become a wiser and more thoughtful person.69. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice.70.它可能在工作或学校帮助你成功。66. solve problems. 67. making poor choices. 68. Ill become a wiser and more thoughtful person.69. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice.70.它可能在工作或学校帮助你成功。【解析】：66.细节题，较简单。考察精确查找答案的能力。根据题意锁定第一段第二句“People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims.”可知答案。67.细节题，较简单。通过题目关键词找到第二段倒数第二句“Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices.”为原句可知答案。68.细节题，较简单。认真读题，通过关键词“as you grow in critical thinking”找到原句为第三段第二句“While you are growing in critical thinking, youll become a wiser and more thoughtful person.”可知答案。此题需要注意两点。1）是原句中的“while”和题目中的“as”是同义词，“当.的时候”的意思。2）任务型阅读中68题简略回答问题如果问题中有第二人称时，在回答的时候需要变成相对应的第一人称。69.考察主题句。段落的主题句通常为某段的第一句，此题也不例外。通过对第二段的理解可知，该段第一句为主题句，后面内容都是对第一句的举例及说明。此题较为简单。70.此题难度较低。翻译时需要注意短语help sb to do及succeed“成功”的中文释义。2.(2019扬州)阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写成空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）Nowadays, many people in China and Japan are racing against time. They put a lot of value in “being on time”. However, in some countries of the world, people have different opinions on “being on time”.GermanyThanks to its industrial past, in Germany you are expected to arrive at least ten minutes earlier for any planned meeting.In Germany, being on time is risky enough because your hosts will probably already be there waiting, wondering how on earth you could be so stupid. What will you do if anything unexpected happens, like heavy traffic or a sudden rain? So remember to arrive early in Germany.Saudi ArabiaSome countries care little about time and Saudi Arabia is one of them. Its because of their long history of desert living where time is not the first thing to think about. It could be that its too hot to do anything on time. So dont expect them to be on time. Moreover, looking at your watch during an event is even considered as bad manners. So dont get angry with them, either.GhanaMost meeting times can be changed, even if an exact time is given, Ghanaians are very relaxed and easygoing. They think that if everyone is late, then no one is late. After all, what cant be done today can get done tomorrow. If you find it difficult to deal with, prepare to be unhappy. Otherwise, sit back enjoy the ride.RussiaPatience is considered a very important quality in Russian culture but being on time is not. When doing business in Russia, do be on time. Otherwise, it will be considered disrespectful. But Russians wont hold themselves to the same standard. So, again, patience can be key.How differently people _56_ “being on time” in different countries_57_Different opinions on “being on time”China and JapanBoth Chinese and Japanese think it_58_to be on time.Germany_59_expect you to arrive early for any planned meeting because of the influence of their industrial past.You are thought to be stupid _60_you arrive at least ten minutes earlier.Saudi ArabiaTime is not the_61_thing for people living in the desert to consider.Looking at your watch during an event is considered to be_62_GhanaGhanaians think that if everyone is late, then_63_ is late.Most meeting times can be changed. You might be unhappy if you cant accept it. RussiaBe patient in Russia because its very important quality in its _64_.While doing business in Russia, you should be on time, though Russians are not strict with_65_ in it.【答案与解析】：56.think / consider 57. Countries 58.valuable 59. Germans 60. unless61.first 62.rude / impolite 63.nobody 64.culture 65.themselves解析：56.think / consider 根据文中第一段第三句的have different opinions转换得57. Countries 根据表格第一列都是各国家名可得答案country，注意首字母大写58.valuable根据文中第一段第二句的value转换可得59. Germans根据文中第二段的in Germany可得60. unless根据文中第三段第一句句意可得61.first 根据文中第四段第二句可得62.impolite或rude根据文中第四段倒数第二句bad manners可得63.nobody 根据文中第五段第二句no one转换可得64.culture 根据最后一段第一句可得 65.themselves根据最后一段倒数第二句可得3. (2019凉山州) 完成表格。阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，并将其答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应的位置。每空一词。 When l was a teenager growing up in a town, I felt studying very boring, I wanted to leave school and have my own life. There were only two ways for me to do thisworking in the toy factory in my town, or getting married. I chose the first one. I was nervous when I told myfather that I wanted to leave school. I thought he would say, “No! You are going to college.” Instead, he surprised me when he said, “OK. Well go to the toy factory.” Two days later, he took me to the factory. I had a very romantic idea of working in a factory. I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun. I even imagined there would be music and singing. I guess I had watched too many movies as a teenager. When we arrived at the factory gates, my father spoke to the guard and one minute later we went inside. My father said, “Take your time. Look around.” I walked around the factory, looking at the buildings, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was terrible. I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home.”He asked me, “What do you think of the factory?”“Its terrible.” I replied.“You have the other choice if you dont want to go back to school. But I think getting married is even worse!” he said.I went back to school the next day. From then on, I studied as hard as I could. Finally I got into a good college. I enjoyed studying English, so I decided to major in languages at college. Thanks to my father and our trip to the factory, now I work in a company which is a big one in a city. And my father takes pride in me. I married a very good man and my life is much better than it would have been working in the factory! A 96 to a factory with my fatherAt schoolI felt bored to 97 .I have 98 choices if I leave school.I didnt choose to get 99 . I choose to work in a toy factory.I told my father about the decision and he 100 . In the factoryThe factory I 101 The workers would have 102 working together. There would be music and singing. The factory I walk aroundIts terrible to have much 103 .At 104 I majored in languages because I like English. In a big companyI have a good family.My father is 105 of my.【答案与解析】作者感到学习很无聊她的爸爸带她去了一家玩具工厂，看到工厂的情况以后，她决定回到学校努力学习后来考上了一所好大学，主修语言，现在在城里的一个大公司工作（1）visit考查名词根据文章介绍可知，作者的爸爸带着她去了工厂，hetookmetothefactory看到了工厂工人的工作状态和，工作环境因此我们可以看出这个句子的意思是和爸爸去工厂的一次参观，所以填写名词visit故答案为visit（2）study考查动词根据句子Ifeltstudyingveryboring，我感到学习很无聊，可以确定此处应该填写study，这和原文的句子意思相同，在动词不定式符号to的后面用原形故答案为study（3）two考查数词根据文中的句子Therewereonlytwowaysformetodothis，我有两条路可走，可以看出，如果作者不上学只有两个选择：到玩具厂工作或者结婚故答案为two（4）married考查形容词根据文中的句子Ichosethefirstone，我选择了第一个作者不上学只有两箱条路可走，一是workinginthetoyfactory，另一个是gettingmarried第一个也就是workinginthetoyfactory所以她没有选择结婚，应该填写married句子的意思是她没有选择结婚故答案为married（5）agreed考查动词根据第一段最后的句子Ithoughthewouldsay，No!YouaregoingtocollegeInstead，hesurprisedmewhenhesaid，OKWellgotothetoyfactory，我认为他会说相反，好吧，我们就去玩具工厂说明作者的父亲同意了她的要求因此要填写同意，agreed， 和前面的句子在时态上保持一致，因此也用过去式的形式故答案agreed（6）imagined考查动词根据表格右侧内容，作者想象当中工厂的工人在一起工作是很开心的，还有音乐和歌声再结合原文的句子I had jmagined everyone确定这是作者原来想象的情况，所以这个短语应该是the factory I imaginedI imagined是定语从句，修饰the factory意思是我想象中的工厂此处填写imagined，和原文的大部分句子时态一致，用过去式的形式故答案为imagined（7）fun考查名词根据原文的句子Ihadimaginedeveryonetobefriendly workingtogetherandhavingfun我想象在一起工作，每个人都很友好，而且很开心所以应该填名词fun，有趣的事情，have fun doing sth意思是做某事很开心故答案为fun（8）noise考查名词根据文中and listeing to the noise，知道这是作者在工厂看到的现象，所以应该填写不可数名词noise，噪音故答案为noise（9）last考查副词文中说FinallyIgotintoagoodcollegeIenjoyedstudyingEnglish，soIdecidedtomajorinlanguagesatcollege，最后我上了一所好大学，我喜欢学习英语，所以决定在大学主修语言句首的Finally意思是最后，相当于at last因此此题应该填写last 故答案为last（10）proud考查形容词原文说Andmyfathertakesprideinme，我的爸爸为我感到自豪短语take pride in的意思是为感到自豪，相当于be proud of 根据横线前边的is和后边的of确定，这里应该填写形容词proud，构成短语be proud of 故答案为proud4. (2019天津)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子Friends are an important part of our livesWe spend time with them，have fun togetherand share our opinions， feelings and even secretsLife would be boring without friends Friends influence who we arehelp us learn， support（支持）us in good and bad timesand care for us even when we are not happy Oftenwe have many happy moments with our friendsWe need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyableBeing lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing（维持），a close group of friends It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether（不论） it is about a sad or happy subject In good times， it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someoneIt is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experienceFriends arc important pillars（中心人物）of support Friends teach us important lessons No two persons are the same As time goes by， we learn to respect one anothers differencesThis acceptance of others differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives， such as new family members，neighbours and new friends（1）Life without friends（2）Being lonely for long periods of time （3）It is important to have a friend to talk to， whether （4）You need someone to support you if （5）No two persons are the same， so we should 【答案与解析】本文介绍的是朋友的重要性，以及如何与朋友相处（1）would be boring细节理解题根据第一段最后的句子Life would be boring without friends，没有朋友，生活将是很无聊的，可确定此处要填写would be boring故答案为would be boring（2）is not a great feeling细节理解题第三段最后的句子Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling，意思是长时间的寂寞不是一种好的感觉根据这个句子判定此处应该填写is not a great feeling答案为is not a great feeling（3）it is about a sad or happy subject细节理解题根据文中的句子 It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether it is about a sad or happy subject，有一个朋友去聊天儿是很重要的，不管你谈的是难过的还是快乐的话题因此应该填写it is about a sad or happy subject故答案为it is about a sad or happy subject（4）you have just had an unpleasant experience细节理解题根据文中的句子 It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience可以确定此题答案是you have just had an unpleasant experience这话的意思是如果你刚刚有一个不愉快的经历，你需要有人来支持你故答案为you have just had an unpleasant experience（5）learn to respect one anothers differences细节理解题文章说No two persons are the same As time goes by， we learn to respect one anothers differences，没有两个人是相同的随着时间的流逝，我们学会尊重别人的差别，因此看出此处要填写learn to respect one anothers differences故答案为learn to respect one anothers differences5. (2019德州) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子It is a great thing to help others. First, you can learn new things. Second, it can also make you feel good. How can you do it? Helping through charities (慈善团体) is a good idea. Charities are organizations (组织) that help others. September 5 is the International Day of Charity. You can help charities by giving your time, giving money or giving things that you own. Volunteering Volunteering is to give time to help others without pay. Some ways of volunteering are:visiting old people to talk to them or help them walking dogs at an animal shelter (收容所) cleaning up a park73 helping some children. You can teach the children without life skills how to take care of themselves. Fundraising Fundraising is to collect or produce money to a charity to help others. Some ways of fundraising are: making cakes or biscuits to sell doing sponsored (有赞助的) activities. For example, families and friends give you money if you finish a long walk. Donating Donating is to give your things to a charity to help others. Some ways of donating are: giving your old toys or clothes to a charity that helps sick children or poor people giving your old books to a library. So, what can you do to help others?71. Why is it a great thing to help others? (at least one) _72. Which day is the International Day of Charity? _73. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. _74. Mary makes some money by drawing pictures. She gives the money to a charity. It is a way of _. (填写序号A或B或C) A. volunteering B. fundraising C. donating75. Give a proper title to the passage. _【答案与解析】本篇讲述了帮助他人是一样对自己有益的事情。同时，介绍了几种帮助他人的方式。71. 根据文章第一段，帮助他人的好处有两条“First, you can learn new things. Second, it can also make you feel good.”所以可以回答“Because you can learn new things.”或者“Because it can make you feel good.”72. 根据文章第二段“September 5 is the International Day of Charity.”，所以可回答“It is September 5.”73. 翻译题，“你可以教没有生活技能的孩子们如何照顾自己。”74. 根据文章中“Fundraising is to collect or produce money to a charity to help others. ”可知这种方式是通过筹钱或者赚钱的方式把钱给慈善组织来帮助他人，可知选择B。75. 根据文章第一二段可将最佳标题归纳为“How to help others”。5. （2019重庆A卷）阅读下文并回答问题。In Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, there is a group of people who are busy drawing maps around. They are not workers on geography, but dispatchers(调度员) on Emergency(急救) Center of the city.Since 2007, the dispatchers in the center have been drawing maps of the local areas.“A dispatchers job is counted in seconds,” says Liang Ruimei, a dispatcher in the center. She has been working in ther center since it started in 2007. “We must answer the phone in 3 seconds, get clear information about the patient in 60 seconds and dispatch(调度) emergency medical workers in 3 minutes at most. If we save one second, the patient may have a better chance to live.” Although nowadays the center has electronic maps, the dispatchers still walk through the streets to draw maps by hand. After many years hard work, the dispatchers keep every building and street of the city in mind. They even know whether or not a car can enter the gate of a building. Sometimes the caller cant tell clearly where he is, but it doesnt matter. As long as he describes the buildings around, the dispatcher can dispatch emergency medical workers to him.“We are trying to be quicker than Death,” says Liang.65. Is Liang Ruimei a dispatcher in Emergency Center of Jinzhong?66. When did Emergency Center of Jinzhong start?67. To be quicker than Death, what do the dispatchers in Emergency Center of Jinzhong do?68. Do you think it necessary for dispatchers to draw maps by hand when they have electronic maps? Why or why not?【答案与解析】65. Yes, she is.解析：由第三段第一句可知答案。66. In 2007.解析：由第三段第二句可知答案。67. They remember every corner of the city through hand-made maps, and dispatch emergency medical workers to the right place as soon as possible.解析：通读全文可推知，这些调度员通过手绘地图来记住城市的每一个角落，以求做到以最快的速度把进行急救的医务人员送到正确的地方，争分夺秒，挽救生命。68. Yes. Because maps by hand show small facts of the city more correctly and electronic maps may not work sometimes.No. Because electronic maps are easier to use and can show the latest road situation.解析：此题为开放性试题。7.(2019枣庄)读下面有关一个学生问题的文章，在每个题目下做简短的笔记Dear MrHunt，My problem is that I cant get on with my family Relations between my parents have become difficult They fight a lot， and I really dont like it Its the only communication they have I dont know if I should say anything to them about this When they argue， its like a big， black cloud hanging over our home Also，my elder brother is not very nice to me He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night I dont think this is fair， At home I always feel lonely and nervous Is that normal？ What can I do？Sad and ThirteenDear Sad and Thirteen，Its not easy being your age， and its nor these feelings Why dont you talk about these feelings with your family？ If your parents are having problems， you should offer to help Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper communication Secondly， why dont you sit down and communicate with your brother？ You should explain that you dont mind him watching TV all the time However，he should let you watch your favorite show， I hope things will be better for you soonMrHunt11. The writers main problem：_The writers problem about his/her parents：_12. The writers problem about his/her brother：_The writers problem about himself/herself：_13. The advice that MrHunt gives about his/ her problem with his/her brother：_14. Please find the sentence in the passage that has the same meaning asHe doesnt always allow me to watch the TV program I like best（请在本文中找与划线句子意思相同的句子）_15. The language goals（语言目标） of this passage：_【答案与解析】11. (1). He cant get on with his family (2). Relations between his parents have become difficultThey fight a lot 12. (1). His elder brother is not very nice to him (2). Talk about problems and give advice 13. Sit down and communicate with his brother 14. He always refuses to let me watcch my favorite TV show 15. Talk about problems and give advice本文是一篇综合型阅读，主要介绍了一个男孩写给Mr. Hunt的一封信，以及Mr. Hunt给他回复的相关建议。【11题】细节理解题。根据原文 My problem is that I cant get on with my family，我的问题就是我不能和我的家人相处好Relations between my pa
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