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专题十九 词汇在句子中的运用考点一 根据汉语提示和首字母写单词第一组 (2019江苏南京)请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。1Helen treats her students in a （耐心的） and understanding way【解析】海伦用耐心的和理解的方式对待她的学生考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：耐心的，形容词英语表达是：patient句意：海伦用耐心的和理解的方式对待她的学生【答案】patient2Since it will be rainy tomorrow，we have to （选择） a different time to go jogging【解析】因为明天会下雨，我们不得不选择别的时间去慢跑考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：英语表达是：choosehave to+动词原形句意：因为明天会下雨，我们不得不选择别的时间去慢跑【答案】choose3 （最近）， citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a selfservice store【解析】最近，Luhe的公民有机会体验一种自助商店考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：最近，副词英语表达是：recently句意：最近，Luhe的公民有机会体验一种自助商店【答案】Recently4John will have to run very fast to （打破） the school 100metre race record in the sports meeting【解析】约翰必须跑得很快才能打破学校运动会100米比赛记录考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：英语表达是：break此处是动词不定式句意：约翰必须跑得很快才能打破学校运动会100米比赛记录【答案】break5The Book of Poetry， the earliest collection of poems， is of great value in Chinese （历史）【解析】这本书的诗歌，最早的诗歌集，在中国历史上有很大的价值考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：历史，名词英语表达是：history此处是单数，复数形式，句意：这本书的诗歌，最早的诗歌集，在中国历史上有很大的价值【答案】history第二组 (2019杭州)根据下列句子及所给的首字母，在答题纸上按题号写出各单词的正确形式（每空仅限一词）。1.Im very hungry. I havent e anything since 7 : 00 this morning.2.His team had lost the game because of him. He felt like there was a heavy w on his shoulders as he walked home alone.3.A d is a conversation between two people in a book, film or play.4.Judy is good-looking, but I think she looks much p with long hair than with short hair.5.Growing vegetables looks easy, but a it takes a lot of learning.6.Hearing the funny story, all the students began to l loudly.7.The doctor told the patient to take the m three times a day.8.J 1st is Childrens Day.9.She is nineteen, and next year she is going to celebrate her t birthday.10.It takes me 45 m to get to school by bike every morning.1.【答案】eaten【解析】考查动词。根据句意：我很饿，自早上 7:00 起，我没吃过任何东西。所缺词义为“吃”。根据 since 和 havent 可知为时态为现在完成时，结合首字母，即答案为 eaten。（八下过去分词）2.【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。根据句意：因为他，他的队伍输了比赛。当他独自走路回家的时候， 他感觉到了肩膀上的重压。所缺词义为“重量”。根据 a 可知为名词，结合首字母，即答案为weight。（九年级课本U11 原句）3.【答案】dialogue/dialog【解析】考查名词。根据句意：对话是两个人在书中、电影或戏剧中的对话。所缺词义为“对话”。根据首 a 可知为名词，结合首字母，即答案为 dialogue/dialog。（九年级U9）4.【答案】prettier【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据句意：朱迪长得很好看，但我认为她长发比短发更好看。所缺词义为“更好看”。根据首 much 可知为形容词比较级，结合首字母，即答案为 prettier。（八上 U4）5.【答案】actually【解析】考查副词。根据句意：种植蔬菜看起来简单，但实际上它需要很多学识。所缺词义为“实际上”。根据句子成分分析为副词，结合首字母，即答案为 actually。（八下 U8）6.【答案】laugh【解析】考查动词。根据句意：听到这个有趣的故事，所有的学生开始大声的笑。所缺词义为“笑”。根据began to 可知后面为动词原形，结合首字母，即答案为 laugh。（八上 U3）7.【答案】medicine(s)【解析】考查名词。根据句意：医生告诉病人每天吃 3 次药。所缺词义为“药”。根据 the 可知为名词，结合首字母，即答案为 medicine(s)。（八上 U6）8.【答案】June【解析】考查月份名词。根据句意：6 月 1 日是儿童节。所缺词义为“六月”，即答案为 June。（七上 U8）9.【答案】twentieth【解析】考查数词。根据句意：她现在 19 岁，明年她要庆祝她的第 20 个生日。所缺词义为“第二十”，即答案为 twentieth。（七上 U8）10.【答案】minutes。【解析】考查名词。根据句意：每天早上骑车上学花了我 45 分钟的时间。所缺词义为“分钟”，根据 45 可知后面为名词复数，即答案为 minutes。（七下U3）第三组 (2019广州)根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时,要求写出完整单词51.How o do you go to the library？At least once a week。52. David studies hard. I am sure he can pass the English e .53. When she first went to university, she felt very I because she knew no one there。54. We can I a lot about pandas from different books and TV programs。55. He likes all kinds of jokes because he has a great sense of h .56. The boy fell behind, so he had to run to c up with his father.【答案】often【解析】考查副词。“你多经常去图书馆？-至少周次。”问频率，用how often。52. David studies hard. I am sure he can pass the English e .【答案】examination【解析】考查名词。“David学习努力。我很确定他能通过英语考试。”考试exam/examination。53. When she first went to university, she felt very l because she knew no one there.【答案】lonely【解析】考查形容词。“当她第一次进入大学时，她感到很孤单因为她不认识那里的人。”孤单的lonely54. We can l a lot about pandas from different books and TV programs.【答案】learn【解析】考查动词。“我们可以从不同的书和电视节目上了解到很多关于熊猫的东西。”了解learn about。55. He likes all kinds of jokes because he has a great sense of h .【答案】humor/humour【解析】考查名词。“他喜欢各种各样的笑话，因为他有幽默感。”幽默humor/humour。56. The boy fell behind. So he had to run to c up with his father.【答案】catch【解析】考查动词“这个男孩落后了。所以他不得不跑起来去追赶上他爸爸”追赶catch up with。第四组 (2019凉山州)根据句意及所给的首字母或汉语提示，用单词的正确形式填空，并将其答案的完整形式。76. Could you get me an (介绍)to your friend?【解析】你能给我介绍一下你的朋友吗？考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：介绍英语表达是： introduction此处是单数形式，句意：你能给我介绍一下你的朋友吗？【答案】introduction77. Jack comes from America, but he knows many (传统)folk stories about Chinese festivals.【解析】杰克来自美国，但他知道很多关于中国节日的民间传统故事考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：传统，形容词英语表达是：traditional，句意：杰克来自美国，但他知道很多关于中国节日的民间传统故事【答案】traditional78. The Russian soup s very nice, I cant wait to drink it.【解析】句意：俄罗斯的汤闻起来很香，我等不及要喝了smell，动词，闻起来，句子使用一般现在时，主语是soup，不可数名词【答案】smells79. Do you know w baseball this is? Does it belong to Jim?【解析】句意：你知道这是谁的棒球吗？它是吉姆的吗？放在名词前面用whose表示谁的【答案】whose80. If we work hard together, our actions can make a d to the world and lead to a better future.【解析】句意：如果我们共同努力，我们的行动将对世界产生影响，并带来更美好的未来句子中 make a difference to表示对产生影响【答案】difference第五组 (2019广西贵港)根据句子中所给的单词首字母或中文提示，填写正确的单词36We cant smoke in p Its harmful to others37We will try our best w we are successful or not38Mark can a at the office on time every day He is never late39Helen didnt go to Chongqing by plane I ， she went there by train40We will have a wonderful s vacation as soon as junior high school days are over41At the age of （四十）， the writer finished his fifth novel42To be safe，students should （避免） going out alone at night43Every autumn， the （落下的） leaves make our school more beautiful44When you are tired， you can go to a （令人放松的） place to have a rest45If you want to get a prize in the speech competition， you should （准备） for it well36【解析】public公开的，in public在公共场所，固定短语；结合首字母p和预猜句意我们不能在公共场所吸烟对别人有害可知，要填在公共场所【答案】public37【解析】whether是否，whetheror not，固定搭配；结合首字母w和预猜句意无论我们是否成功，我们都将尽最大努力可知，要填whether【答案】whether38【解析】arrive到达，动词；结合首字母a和预猜句意马克每天都能准时到办公室，他从不迟到可知，要填到达，在情态动词后面用动词原形【答案】arrive39【解析】由题干Helen didnt go to Chongqing by plane I_， she went there by train海伦没有乘飞机去重庆我_，她坐火车去的可知，此句是一般过去时的并列句因此可选用疑问词How，因此句子可变成：Helen didnt go to Chongqing by plane I knew， she went there by train【答案】knew40【解析】summer夏天，summer vacation暑假；结合首字母s和预猜句意初中结束后我们将有一个美妙的暑假可知，要填夏天【答案】summer41【解析】四十forty，基数词；根据句意这位作家四十岁时完成了他的第五部小说可知，基数词forty作介词of的宾语【答案】forty42【解析】避免avoid，动词；根据句意为了安全起见，学生们应该避免晚上独自外出可知，在情态动词后面用动词原形【答案】avoid43【解析】落下的fallen，形容词；根据句意每年秋天，落叶使我们的学校更加美丽可知，要用形容词作定语【答案】fallen44【解析】令人放松的relaxing，形容词；根据句意当你累了，你可以去一个放松的地方休息可知，要用形容词作定语【答案】relaxing45【解析】考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：准备英语表达是prepare，should后接动词原形【答案】prepare第六组 (2019广西百色)根据题意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式，35Everyone believes that team will win the match this weekend（we）36My grandpa is （八十） years old， he keeps doing exercise every day37My father and Uncle Wang have been good friends for many years， and their （友谊）is very strong38Daming is such an （诚实的） boy that we all like him39John， your （卧室） is so dirty， remember to tidy it up40F comes after Thursday， and the next day is weekend41Please speak more I ，so all of us can hear you42Zhang Peng didnt go home u he finished his homework yesterday43When you visit someone， its polite to k at the door before entering44I p milk to cola because milk is much healthier， I think35【解析】通过观察句子结构可知该空处后为名词team，结合所给词为人称代词we，故用其相应的形容词性物主代词形式our在句中作定语，修饰名词team【答案】our36【解析】八十eighty，基数词；根据句意我爷爷八十岁了，他保持每天都做运动可知，要用基数词作表语【答案】eighty37【解析】友谊friendship，可数名词；根据句意我的父亲和王叔叔多年来一直是好朋友，他们的友谊非常强可知，后面是is，要用单数形式【答案】friendship38【解析】诚实的honest，形容词；根据句意大明是个诚实的男孩，我们都喜欢他可知，要用形容词作定语【答案】honest39【解析】卧室bedroom，可数名词；根据句意约翰，你的卧室太脏了，记得把它整理一下可知，要用单数形式【答案】bedroom40【解析】星期五Friday，名词；根据首字母F和预测句意星期五是星期四之后，第二天是周末可知，要填星期五【答案】Friday41【解析】loudly大声地，副词；根据首字母l和预测句意请大声说话，这样我们大家都能听到你的声音可知，要填大声地，用副词作状语【答案】loudly42【解析】until直到，连词；根据首字母u和预测句意张鹏昨天直到做完作业才回家可知，要填直到，引导时间状语从句【答案】until43【解析】knock敲，动词；根据首字母k和预测句意当你拜访某人时，进门前敲门是礼貌的可知，要填敲，在不定式符号to后面要用动词原形【答案】knock44【解析】prefer更喜欢，动词；根据首字母p和预测句意我更喜欢牛奶而不是可乐，因为牛奶更健康，我想可知，要填更喜欢，要用一般现在时【答案】prefer第七组 (2019广西河池)根据中文或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写,使句意完整与正确。每空一词36For breakfast Tina would like some milk and （蛋糕）37Theres a pay phone （在的后面） the library38Its very （重要的） to make a plan before we do everything39He s up late to watch the football match last night40Come on! We havent finished our task y 36【解析】考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：蛋糕英语表达是： cakesome接复数形式，句意：早餐蒂娜想要一些牛奶和蛋糕【答案】cakes37【解析】考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：在的后面英语表达是： behind句意：图书馆后面有一个公用电话【答案】behind38【解析】考查翻译填空根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：重要的英语表达是： important句意：在做任何事情之前都要制定一个计划是很重要的【答案】important39【解析】句意：他昨晚熬夜看足球赛last night用于一般过去时，stay up表示熬夜【答案】stayed40【解析】句意：快点！我们还没有完成任务yet，还，仍然用于现在完成时态，疑问句句末【答案】yet第八组 (2019四川成都）补全单词根据首字母及句意写出完整单词。1.The trade war between China and the US will have influence on our country，but our government c_says that we have the ability to deal with it.2.Being e by my teachers，I can solve almost all the problems that seemed difficult for me at first.3.Its known lo all that Taiwan is part of China，and it can never be s_ from our motherland.4.I he manager will be so busy next month that he has to c_ a few unimportant meetings.5.Creativity is great w_ for us because of its value in our work and life.1.【答案】 confidently/calmly 【解析】根据句子结构可知应该空格处应填一个副词，再根据句意：中美贸易战将会影响我们的国家，但是我们的政府自信或淡定地说我们有能力应对。2.【答案】 encouraged【解析】此题为非谓语动词表被动，找到主语跟非谓语动词之间的关系，应该是被鼓励，所以填过去分词形式。3. 【答案】separated 【解析】此题考查被动语态及固定搭配，再根据句意：台湾是中国的一部分，它和祖国不能被分割，可知应填分离，分割的被动形式。4. 【答案】cancel 【解析】根据句子结构has to可知应该填一个动词原形，再根据句意：经理下个月如此忙碌以至于他不得不取消一些不重要的会议。5. 【答案】wealth 【解析】根据句子结构可知空格处应填一个名词，再根据句意：创造力地我们来说是巨大的财富，因为它在我们工作和生活中所体现的价值。考点二 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空第一组 (2019山东临沂)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词。61. I felt _ lying in the sun on the beach. (relax)【答案】 relaxed 【解析】句意：躺在沙滩上晒太阳，我感到很放松。连系动词feel后跟形容词作表语，主语为人，故填relaxed。62.The little boy said, I am old enough to take good care of _(my)【答案】 myself 【解析】句意：小男孩说:“我已经长大了，可以好好地照顾自己了。”take care of oneself意为“照顾自己”。63.Our team lost the game because we played very _ (bad).【答案】badly 【解析】句意：我们队输了比赛，因为我们打得很差。修饰实义动词play用副词。64. In America, 95% of pet owners think of their animals as family _.(member)【答案】members【解析】句意：在美国，95%的宠物主人认为他们的宠物是一家人。根据句意和their animals可知用名词复数形式。65. A team of climbers from Peking University reached the top of the worlds _mountain, Qomolangma, on May 15, 2018. (high)【答案】 highest 【解析】句意：2018年5月15日，北京大学登山队登上世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。 根据句意并结合常识可知，用形容词最高级。66. Scientists around the world are working to _a medicine for AIDS (艾滋病). (cover)【答案】discover 【解析】句意：世界各地的科学家正在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的药物。cover意为“覆盖”，discover意为“发现；寻找”。67.Have you ever cut your finger on the edge (边缘) of a book page? The small cut on your fingeris so _. (pain)【答案】 painful 【解析】句意：你曾经在书页边缘割破了手指吗?你手指上的小伤口很疼。be动词后跟形容词作表语，并结合句意可知填painful。68. There are about 6,000 languages that are spoken around the world, but 43% of them are dying out. If no _is taken, some of these languages will disappear. (act)【答案】 action【解析】句意：世界上大约有6000种语言在使用，但其中43%正在消失。如果不采取行动，这些语言中的一些将会消失。take action意为“采取行动”。第二组(2019扬州)46. Alice stood up and ran _ the field after the rabbit. (cross)【答案】across【解析】across，介词，穿过。47. The silk scarf is pretty and _ her blue coat very well. (match)【答案】matches【解析】一般现在时，主语是the silk scarf，match用第三人称单数。48. The old man started to learn how to surf the Internet in his _. (eighty)【答案】eighties【解析】in his eighties在他八十多岁的时候。49. Follow that _ advice and soon you will solve the problem. (teacher)【答案】teachers【解析】考察名词所有格，that是单数，所以teacher直接加s。50. If the golden sun should stop _ its light, just one smile from you would make my whole world bright. (shine)【答案】shining【解析】stop doing sth停止做某事.51. We are going to study in a new school in _.（九月）【答案】September【解析】考察“月份”发的单词拼写。52. I believe I will _ in passing the English exam. （成功）【答案】succeed【解析】succeed in doing sth成功做某事53. Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn _.（树叶）【答案】leaves【解析】树叶leaf，复数leaves.54. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger and Im _ of her. （自豪的）【答案】proud【解析】be proud of为.自豪55. In the past, many rivers were _ seriously, but now they are cleaned up. （污染）【答案】polluted【解析】根据题意“被污染”用过去分词。第三组(2019江苏南京)请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为26-30的相应横线上。26Where are our seats， Henry？We should sit in thefifth /5th（five）row【解析】我们的座位在哪里，哈利？我们应该坐在第五排根据空格前面的词语是定冠词the，所以要用序数词来填空，结合给出的单词提示，因此可知这句话的意思是我们的座位在哪里，哈利？我们应该坐在第五排five基数词，五【答案】fifth /5th27TikTok， which issuddenly（sudden） everywhere on the Internet， is making its way into our lives【解析】抖音，突然在网络上到处都是，已经进入了我们的生活根据空格后面的词语是everywhere on the Internet因此可知要用副词来修饰，结合给出的单词提示，因此可知这句话的意思是抖音，突然在网络上到处都是，已经进入了我们的生活sudden形容词，突然【答案】suddenly28We might no longerneed（need） paper money one day because of WeChat Wallet and Alipay【解析】由于微信钱包和支付宝，有一天我们可能不再需要纸币了根据空格前面的词语是might，因此可知后面要用动词原形来填空，结合给出的单词提示，因此可知这句话的意思是由于微信钱包和支付宝，有一天我们可能不再需要纸币了need动词，需要【答案】need29Thereare（be） many things to enjoy about traveling， including the natural beauty anddelicious food【解析】关于旅行有许多可以享受的事情，包括自然风景和美食根据空格后面的词语是many things在there be结构中，要用are来填空，因此可知这句话的意思是关于旅行有许多可以享受的事情，包括自然风景和美食be动词原形，是【答案】are30It is reported that thousands of running friends from 25countries（country） took part in 2019 Nanjing Jiangning Marathon【解析】据报道有来自25个国家好几千个跑友参加了2019年南京马拉松根据空格前面的词语是25，所以要用复数名词来填空，结合给出的单词提示，因此可知这句话的意思是据报道有来自25个国家好几千个跑友参加了2019年南京马拉松country名词，国家【答案】countries第四组(2019内蒙古)用所给词或短语的适当形式填空someone wait for decide even though week as well as high mention Germany try ones best 61. Could I ask if you _ this to her till now? Yes, but she refused to listen.62. _the usual activities, such as sailing and climbing, there was a writing class in the summer camp.63. On a beach, run away from the sea and move quickly to _ground when an earthquake happens.64. In order to catch the early bus, we had to stop _them.65. As is known to all, _who breaks the rules should be punished.66. He asked for two _leave to look after his sick father.67. During the World War ， millions of _lost their lives. 68. Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting? No decision yet. I think it _after discussing with my PE teacher.69. The students in Miss Wangs class are all _to study hard to go to the university.70. She wont leave the TV set, _her supper is on the table. 【解析】（1）have mentioned考查动词短语根据意思：我能问问你到现在为止是否向她提起过这个吗？是的，但她拒绝听现在完成时态，have done【答案】have mentioned【解析】（2）As well as考查副词短语根据意思：除了通常的活动，如航海和攀岩，夏令营还开设了写作课，也as well as【答案】As well as【解析】（3）higher考查形容词根据意思：在海滩上，当地震发生时，要逃离大海，迅速移动到高地，更高的higher【答案】higher【解析】（4）waiting for考查动词短语根据意思：为了赶上早班车，我们不得不停止等他们，stop doing停止干某事【答案】waiting for【解析】（5）anyone考查不定代词根据意思：众所周知，任何违反规则的人都应该受到惩罚，任何人anyone【答案】anyone【解析】（6）weeks考查所有格根据意思：他请了两个星期的假来照顾生病的父亲，所有格以s结尾加【答案】weeks【解析】（7）Germans考查名词根据意思：二战期间，数百万德国人丧生德国人复数是Germans【答案】Germans【解析】（8）will be decided考查动词短语根据意思：你在学校运动会上参加什么运动？还没有决定我想和我的体育老师商量后决定一般将来时态被动语态will be done【答案】will be decided【解析】（9）trying their best考查动词短语根据意思：王老师班上的学生都在努力学习以便上大学，现在进行时态be doing【答案】trying their best【解析】（10）even though考查副词短语根据意思：即使她的晚餐在桌上，她也不会离开电视机即使even though，【答案】even though16
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