2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷99

2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The unfair criticism left Norman quite with anger.问题1选项A.spellboundB.speechlessC.silentD.mute【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。spellbound “出神的；被迷住的”；speechless “说不出话的”；silent “沉默的”；mute “哑的”。句意：不公平的批评让诺曼愤怒无语。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Animals that could not themselves to the changed environment perished and those that could survived.问题1选项A.conformB.adaptC.modifyD.conform【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conform “使遵守，使一致”；adapt “适应”；modify “修改”；conform “符合，遵照”。句意：不能适应环境变化的动物灭绝了，而那些能适应的存活了下来。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The zoo attendant opened the cage and tried hard to the tigers back in.问题1选项A.coaxB.induceC.pacifyD.reassure【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。coax “哄骗”；induce “引诱”；pacify “使平静”；reassure “使安心”。句意：动物园管理员打开笼子，引诱老虎回去。选项B符合题意。4. 翻译题人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。【答案】The historical course of mans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.5. 单选题When Mr. Simpson went to apply for a in the office of a local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.问题1选项A.careerB.positionC.professionD.location【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Career “事业”；position “职位”；profession “职业，专业”；location “位置，地点”。句意：当辛普森先生去当地一家报纸寻求职位时，他被告知去见经理。选项B符合题意。6. 翻译题The history of ecological change is still so elementary that we know little about what really happened, or what the results were. The destruction of the European aurochs as late as 1627 would seem to have been a simple case of overenthusiastic hunting. On more complex matters it often is impossible to find solid information. For a thousand years or more the Frisians and Netherlanders have been pushing back the North Sea, and the process is culminating in our own time in the reclamation of the Zuider Zee. What, if any, species of animals, birds, fish, shore life, or plants have died out in the process? In their heroic combat with the sea have the Netherlanders overlooked ecological values in such a way that the quality of human life in the Netherlands has suffered? I cannot discover that the questions have ever been asked, much less answered.(1)People, then, have often been a dynamic element in their own environment, but in the present state of historical scholarship we usually do know exactly when, where, or with what effects man-induced changes came. As we enter the last third of the 20th century, however for the problem of ecological backlash is mounting feverishly. Natural science, conceived as the effort to understand the nature of things, had flourished in several eras and among several peoples. Similarly there had been an age-old accumulation of technological skills, sometimes growing rapidly, sometimes slowly. But it was not until about four generations ago that Western Europe and North America arranged a marriage between science and technology, a union of the theoretical and the empirical approaches to our natural environment. The emergence in widespread practice of the Baconian belief that scientific knowledge means technological power over nature can scarcely be dated before about 1850, save in the chemical industries, where it is anticipated in the 18th century. (2)Its acceptance as a normal pattern of action may mark the greatest event in human history since the invention of agriculture, and perhaps in nonhuman earth history as well.【答案】1. 因此，人们在他们自己的环境中常常是一个动态的因素，但在目前的历史学术状态下，我们通常确实知道人为的变化在何时、何地或以何种影响出现。2. 它被接受为一种正常的行为模式，可能标志着自农业发明以来人类历史上最重大的事件，也许在非人类的地球历史上也是如此。7. 单选题The _ cause of death today in Britain is heart disease, with cancer in second place.问题1选项A.initialB.previousC.subsequentD.prime【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。initial “最初的，第一的”；previous “以前的，早先的”；subsequent “随后的”；prime “主要的，最好的”。句意：如今，英国人的主要死亡原因是心脏病，癌症位居第二。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题The decision of the university to close the swimming pool at weekends an angry reaction among students.问题1选项A.nurturedB.provokedC.cultivatedD.stimulated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。nurtured “培育”；provoked “激起，挑衅”；cultivated “发展；耕作”；stimulated “促进；激发”。句意：学校决定在周末封闭游泳池引起学生激烈的反对。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题Colin married my sister and I married his brother, makes Colin and me double in-laws.问题1选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.it【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。通过分析句子，可知空格处需要填入一个引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，因此选项C符合题意。句意：科林娶了我妹妹，我嫁给了他哥哥，这让我们俩亲上加亲。10. 单选题Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. This is secondhand smoke. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think these chemicals harm a nonsmokers health. Recently, though, scientists expressed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels, and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In America, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Research shows that these children are sick more often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke.1. It can be inferred that about fifty-three thousand people die in America .2. Non-smokers get harmed by smokers .3. Which of the following is NOT true?4. Which of the following is NOT listed as a negative effect imposed by secondhand smoking on children?5. Which group of children suffer from secondhand smoking to the greater extent?问题1选项A.because of smokingB.though they dont smokeC.because their parents smokeD.though their parents dont smoke问题2选项A.because of the poisonous smoke they breathe inB.if they live togetherC.when there is no non-smoking area in the public utilitiesD.though the poisonous chemicals contained in the smoke dont harm them问题3选项A.Non-smokers may be passively involved in secondhand smokingB.Non-smokers may die of secondhand smokingC.We all, more or less, suffer from secondhand smokingD.Secondhand smoking is even more harmful than smoking itself问题4选项A.They are sick more oftenB.They are more likely to develop mental diseaseC.It will influence their future lifeD.They are more likely to develop lung cancer问题5选项A.Children under the age of five living in homes with no smokersB.Children under the age of five living in homes with one parent smokingC.Children under the age of five living in homes with two parents smokingD.Children under the age of five living away from their parents【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到美国每年大约有五万三千人死于二手烟（The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke），由此可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到点燃的香烟产生的烟雾含有许多不同的有毒化学物质（The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals），接着提到即使不吸烟的人体内也含有大量有害的有毒化学物质（They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies），由此可知不吸烟的人之所以受吸烟人的影响是因为他们吸入了有毒气体，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章讲述了二手烟的危害，选项A“不吸烟的人被迫吸入二手烟”、选项B“不吸烟的人由于吸入二手烟而丧命”、选项C“我们所有人或多或少都会受到二手烟的影响”都能在文章中体现，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章并没有提到吸入二手烟的不良影响与精神疾病有关，因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到对于那些父母都吸烟的家庭中的孩子来说，这种风险甚至更高（The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke），因此选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Among different kinds of monkeys, it is the chimpanzee that has interested scientists .问题1选项A.bestB.mostC.the mostD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：在不同种类的猴子中，让科学家最感兴趣的是黑猩猩。空格处需要填入一个表示“最，非常”的词，因此选项B符合题意。12. 单选题A joke or two always up a lecture, I think.问题1选项A.raiseB.loosenC.livenD.inspire【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。raise “提高”；loosen “放松；松开”；liven “使高兴”，liven up “使有生气”；inspire “激发，鼓舞”。根据关键词a lecture，可知是liven up 符合题意。句意：我认为一两个笑话可以使课堂更有生气。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题The manager lost his when he found that his secretary was half hour late for work.问题1选项A.mannerB.moodC.temperD.passion【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。lose ones temper “发脾气”。句意：发现他的秘书上班迟到半小时，经理发了脾气。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening all along.问题1选项A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考，涉及”；defend “辩护；防护”；plead “借口”；persist in “坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。15. 单选题Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were .问题1选项A.in no wayB.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。in no way “绝不”；on the contrary “相反”；at a loss “亏本地”； of no avail “无效，不起作用”。句意：在她遭受羞辱后要她留下来是徒劳无功的。选项D符合题意。16. 翻译题亚洲是地球上最大的洲，面积占世界陆地近百分之三十，人口约占世界总人口的百分之六十。亚洲有巨大的市场需求潜力和坚实的发展基础。它还富有自然和人力资源。它有悠久的历史和文化。亚洲的多元文化生机勃勃，促进了它的发展。目前，世界正步入多元化的进程，经济全球化日益突出。这给亚洲提供了新的机遇，同时也使它面临着挑战。【答案】Asia is the largest continent on earth, with nearly 30 percent of the world land area and 60 percent of the world population. Asia has a huge market with big potential and a solid foundation for development. It is also rich in natural and human resources. It has a long history and culture. The diversity of cultures in Asia is alive and has contributed to its development. At present, the world is entering the process of diversification, and economic globalization is increasingly prominent, which presents Asia with new opportunities as well as challenges.17. 单选题When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad （发射台）. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns（报酬递减率）begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24, 000, while the full professors managed to average just $23, 030.A Ph. D. D.is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world by far.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages orworst of allin philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college pays much less than the janitor （看门人）earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who_.2. If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw or Edison, _.3. Ph.D.s are most likely to .4. Which of the following is NOT true?5. The writer is critical of .问题1选项A.will not be a shame to the societyB.will become skilled workersC.can take care of themselvesD.can meet the demands as a source of manpower问题2选项A.you can get a high school diploma without difficultyB.you will be successful in a grade schoolC.you can be professionally successful without a diplomaD.the least you should do is to get a diploma问题3选项A.have difficulties getting properly employedB.be employed in the fields of commerce or industryC.have to fill out application forms month after month for othersD.work in schools or colleges with low pay问题4选项A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high schools, nor did EdisonB.There are far more Ph D s than the society demandsC.The higher your education level, the more money you will earnD.If you are too well-educated, youll make things difficult for the society问题5选项A.the employeesB.the Ph D sC.the employersD.the society【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到他们真正的期望是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力（What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society），因此选项D符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到高中文凭是必要的，如果没有的话，除非你是萧伯纳或者爱迪生，如果你是他们，你小学辍学都行（unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school），因为他们就算没有文凭，也在各自领域中脱颖而出，因此选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第一句话提到美国失业或未充分就业的博士人数比世界上其他国家要多（There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world by far），由此可知选项A符合题意。4.判断推理题。根据文章第五段可知很多博士就业问题并不是很理想，由此可知选项C表述是错误的，符合题意。5.判断推理题。无论是雇主、雇员还有博士生本人都是属于社会中的一员，一系列状况都是社会发展导致的，因此作者批判的是这个社会，因此选项D符合题意。18. 单选题When the British government tried to new employment legislation, there was a general strike.问题1选项A.enhanceB.reinvigorateC.attributeD.implement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。enhance “提高”；reinvigorate “使再振兴”；attribute “归属，归功于”；implement “实施；执行”。句意：当英国政府试图实施新的就业法时，发生了一场大罢工。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true; more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, and self-improvement.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying a new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .2. Raising children, in the authors opinion, is .3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from .4. To understand what true happiness is, one must .5. What is the author trying to tell us?问题1选项A.he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB.he believes that life will be more cheerful to remain singleC.he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD.he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement问题2选项A.a moral dutyB.a rewarding taskC.a thankless jobD.a source of inevitable pain问题3选项A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance问题4选项A.have as much fun as possible during ones lifetimeB.make every effort to liberate oneself from painC.put up with pain under all circumstancesD.be able to distinguish happiness from fun问题5选项A.iIt is pain that leads to happinessB.One must know how to attain happinessC.It is important to make commitmentsD.Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第三段最后两句提到单身生活充满着乐趣、冒险以及兴奋，而婚姻虽然偶尔也会有这些，但是不再是主要的特征（The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features），由此可知在他们看来，婚姻会影响他们的精彩生活，选项B符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第四段提到没有孩子的夫妻无法感受到那种看着自己孩子慢慢长大的喜悦感（But couples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild），因此选项B符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到它把我们从嫉妒中解放出来，我们现在能够理解那些玩得开心的人实际上可能并不幸福（And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all），由此推测出之所以会嫉妒是因为误解：以为那些看起来开心的人是真的幸福，因此选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句话提到理解并且接受真正的幸福与乐趣无关是最自由的认识之一(Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations)，因此选项D符合题意。5.判断推理题。在作者看来，幸福与痛苦是分不开的，并不是完全没有痛苦的人生就是幸福的人生（The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness），因此选项D符合题意。20. 单选题After that shock, his friends and family often advise him not to drink more wine is good for his health.问题1选项A.thatB.thanC.asD.but【答案】C【解析】考查连词的用法。根据句意，可知此处需要填入一个表示原因的连词。句意：在那次打击之后，他的朋友和家人经常劝他不要再喝酒了，因为这对他的健康有好处。选项C符合题意。