北京科技大学考研翻译硕士英语真题

北 京 科 技 大 学2011年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=试题编号： 211 试题名称： 翻译硕士英语 （共 10 页）适用专业： 翻译硕士（专业学位） 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。=PART I GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 60 MIN (1x30=30 POINTS)There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Please choose the correct answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on the answer sheet. 1. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who _ six years of instruction. A. set about B. run for C. sit through D. make for2. Anderson held out his arms to _ the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.A. turn off B. ward off C. trigger off D. call off3. Small children are often _ to nightmares after hearing ghost stories in the dark. A. definite B. perceptible C. incipient D. susceptible4. Automation threatens mankind with an increased number of _ hours. A. meager B. complex C. idle D. active5. It would be _ their hospitality to accept any more from them.A. trampling on B. treading on C. trespassing on D. trying on6. We do not mean to be disrespectful when we refused to follow the advice of our _ leader. A. venerable B. respectful C. gracious D. famous7. A safety analysis _ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. A. would identify B. will identify C. will have identified D. would have identified 8. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _ in traditional media. A. exist B. exists C. existing D. to exist9. Despite the fact that over time the originally antagonistic response to his sculpture has lessened, to this day, hardly any individuals _ his art. A. evaluate B. applaud C. denounce D. ignore10. The shortcomings of Mr. Brooks analysis are _ his clarity in explaining financial complexity. A. alleviated by B. offset by C. magnified by D. demonstrated by11. Given the evidence of Egyptian and Babylonian _ later Greek civilization, it would be incorrect to view the work of Greek scientists as an entirely independent creation. A. imitation of B. ambivalence about C. disdain for D. influence on12. Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is a collective attempt to _ experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.A. transcribe B. complicate C. manage D. amplify13. Though science is often imagined as a disinterested exploration of external reality, scientists are no different from anyone else: they are _ human beings enmeshed in a web of personal and social circumstances. A. vulnerable B. rational C. careless D. passionate14. Not until Kentuckys Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 _.A. when was its full extent realized B. that its full extent was realizedC. was its full extent realized D. the realization of its full extent15. You should have known better than _ your little sister at home herself. A. to leave B. leave C. leaving D. to have left 16. I cannot concentrate on my work with the prospect of the court case _ me.A. hanging on B. hanging over C. hanging up D. hanging on to17. The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications _ the triumph of human endeavor. A. facilitate B. lead to C. attest to D. herald18. The new conflict between Man and Nature is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, _ the protagonists at least shared a common language. A. where B. which C. what D. that19. Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels, the cars wont catch on in a way _ drivers can fill them up at the gas station. A. if B. when C. unless D. because20. Having been isolated on a remote island, with little work _ them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spirits. A. occupying B. to occupy C. occupied D. occupy21. An institution concerned about its reputation is at the mercy of the actions of its members, because the misdeeds of individuals are often used to _ the institutions of which they are a part. A. coerce B. honor C. discredit D. intimidate22. The newborn human infant is not a passive figure, nor an active one, but what might be called an actively receptive one, eagerly attentive _ it is to sights and sounds. A. as B. what C. that D. which23. For him _, what is essential is not that policy works, but that the public believe that it does.A. being re-elected B. to be re-elected C. re-elected D. to re-elect24. Mercurys velocity is so much greater than the Earths that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time _ takes the Earth to complete one. A. when B. it C. that D. which25. The mother would _ her son doing his music practice if he could finish his assignment before supper.A. let down B. let alone C. let off D. let out26. When the streets are full of melting snow, you cant help but _ your shoes wet. A. getting B. get C. to get D. got27. She could sing these songs _ a moments notice whenever she was asked. A. with B. to C. on D. at28. As we see _ political and national movements, language is used as a badge or barrier depending on which way we look at it. A. in aspects of B. in view of C. in consideration of D. in relation to29. The emergence of mass literacy coincided with the first industrial revolution; _ the new expansion in literacy, as well as cheaper printing, helped to nurture the rise of popular literature. A. as a result B. in turn C. therefore D. in other words30. The notion that a parasite can alter the behavior of a host organism is not mere fiction; indeed, the phenomenon is not even _. A. real B. comprehended C. rare D. observablePART II READING COMPREHENSION 60 MIN (40 POINTS)Section One Multiple Choice (2x10=20 points)Directions: In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. Passage AOn Aug. 14, 2007 a computer hacker named Virgil Griffith unleashed a clever little program onto the Internet that he dubbed WikiScanner. Its a simple application that trolls through the records of Wikipedia, the publicly editable Web-based encyclopedia, and checks on who is making changes to which entries. Sometimes its people who shouldnt be. For example, WikiScanner turned up evidence that somebody from Wal-Mart had punched up Wal-Marts Wikipedia entry. Bad retail giant. WikiScanner is a jolly little game of Internet, but its really about something more: a growing popular irritation with the Internet in general. The Net has anarchy in its DNA; its always been about anonymity, playing with your own identity and messing with other peoples heads. The idea, such as it was, seems to have been that the Internet would free us of the burden of our public identities so we could be our true, authentic selves online. Except it turns out who couldve seen this coming? that our true, authentic selves arent that fantastic. The great experiment proved that some of us are wonderful and interesting but that a lot of us are hackers and pranksters and hucksters. Which is one way of explaining the extraordinary appeal of Facebook. Facebook is a “ social network”: a website for keeping track of your friends and sending them messages and sharing photos and doing all those other things that a good little Web 2.0 company is supposed to help you do. It was started by Harvard students in 2004 as a tool for meeting at least discreetly ogling other Harvard students, and it still has a reputation as a hangout for teenagers and the teenaged-at-heart. Which is ironic because Facebook is really about making the Web grow up. Whereas Google is a brilliant technological hack, Facebook is primarily a feat of social engineering. (It wouldnt be a bad idea for Google to acquire Facebook, the way it snaffled YouTube, but its almost certainly too late in the day for that. Yahoo! offered a billion for Facebook last year and was rebuffed. ) Facebooks appeal is both obvious and rather subtle. Its a website, but in a sense, its another version of the Internet itself: a Net within a Net, one thats everything the larger Net is not. Facebook is cleanly designed and has a classy, upmarket feel to it a whiff of the Ivy League still clings. People tend to use their real names on Facebook. They also declare their sex, age, whereabouts, romantic status and institutional affiliations. Identity is not a performance or a toy on Facebook: it is a fixed and orderly fact. Nobody does anything secretly: a news feed constantly updates your friends on your activities. On Facebook, everybody knows youre a dog. Maybe thats why Facebooks fastest-growing demographic consists of people 35 or older: theyre refugees from the uncouth wider Web. Every community must negotiate the imperatives of individual freedom and collective social order, and Facebook constitutes a critical rebalancing of the Internets founding vision of unfettered electronic liberty. Of course, it is possible to misbehave on Facebook its just self-defeating. Unlike the Internet, Facebook is structured around an opt-in philosophy; people have to consent to have contact with or even see others on the network. If youre annoying folks, youll essentially cease to exist, as those you annoy drop you off the grid. Facebook has taken steps this year to expand its functionality by allowing outside developers to create applications that integrate with its pages, which brings with it expanded opportunities for abuse. No doubt Griffith is hard at work on FacebookScanner. But it has also hung on doggedly to its core insight: that the most important function of a social network is connecting people and that its second most important function is keeping them apart. 1. Which of the following is INCORRECT about WikiScanner?A. It can change or revise some entries of Wikipedia. B. It can trace the origin of some information on the Internet. C. It expresses peoples irritation with the Internet. D. It reveals peoples real selves on the Internet. 2. The advantages of Facebook are mainly presented by comparing the differences between Facebook and A. WikiScanner. B. Google. C. the Internet. D. FacebookScanner3. What does the last sentence of Paragraph Four really mean?A. You are looked down upon by people on Facebook. B. If you misbehave on Facebook, everybody will know. C. You can pretend to be a dog on Facebook. D. Everybody knows who you are on Facebook.4. What is Facebooks real appeal according to the passage?A. Only well-educated people can be allowed to register. B. People can do something different from what they do on the Internet. C. It is cleanly designed and has very powerful and diverse uses. D. Its real name registration system makes it difficult to misbehave. 5. If you misbehave on Facebook, you will beA. forbidden to use Facebook forever. B. criticized by other people on Facebook. C. dropped out of other peoples lists of friends. D. cut network connections. Passage BClancy Martin knows a lot about lying. Hes now an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Missouri, Kansas City, specializing in 19th-and 20th-century continental philosophy and business ethics, and he wrote his dissertation on deception. But he really learned how to lie in his youth, when he was a crackerjack jewelry salesman. Not as good as his brother, perhaps, but good enough to turn a fake Rolex into the real thing. “I do miss it,” Martin admits. “I miss that feeling of being on the edge. Say what you will, there is something fun about deceiving people.”Talking to Martin about deception can be unnerving. His voice, sweetened with sincerity, has the compulsive tones of a convert. Sincere people make good salesmen. So what to make of Clancy Martin a man who wants to sell his debut novel while reclaiming his soul?When he was young, selling was simple a matter of getting a customer to buy into his fictions. “He was a very gifted liar.” says his brother and former business partner, Darren. That much is still true, as Martins novel, How to Sell, makes clear. How to Sell is outrageous, theatrical and slicker than oil. It tells the tale of Bobby Clark, a high-school dropout who joins his older brother at a jewelry shop in Texas. Its a festival of drugs, diamonds and sex. Prostitution, a saleswoman turned hooker suggests at one point, is a more honest kind of living than the jewelry trade ( at least in this book). “With what I do now,” she tells Bobby, “I sleep well at night.”Martin was born in Toronto, in 1967. Like his protagonist, he left high school, moved to Texas and got a job at the jewelry store where his brother worked. “I would say that, unfortunately, most of the book is lifted directly from my life with some exaggeration and lots of omission,” says Martin cheerfully. For a young man, the life had a kind of reckless glamour. “You sell a diamond, and boom,” he says. But Martin was a little different from most employees. He read, for example. Just as Bobby riffs on a Jorge Luis Borges story to sell a bracelet, Martin wove stories for customers from the plotlines of books, and hed read Spinozas Ethics between booze and bumps of coke. Bobbys pain, too, comes from Martins life: his complicated relationships with his older brother and his charming but crazy father, Bill, who was never quite far enough out of the picture. “I think a lot of Clancys interest in self-deception came from his interest in who his dad was,” says his ex-wife, Alicia Martin. Martin tried to steer his life in another direction. He went to college, began graduate school in philosophy and married. Then, one day, when he was in Copenhagen working on a paper on Kierkegaard, his brother called and asked him to help with the business plan for expanding his jewelry store. Suddenly, Martin was out of school and back in jewels. Unlike the shop started by the brothers in the novel, the Martins joint venture was clean, Darren insists. But the game, more or less, was the same: the process of turning a gem from a mass of matter into a narrative of possibility.In the seven years Martin worked there, life was never boring, but it wasnt much of a life. “I had all this experience, and no sense of moral responsibility,” Martin says. His marriage broke up. He despaired. But he began writing, and that seemed to offer the promise of something worthwhile. He returned to graduate school. He wanted to understand deception and self-deception not practice it. Insofar as he could. Martin remarried and became a professor. In addition to writing fiction, he translated Nietzsche and had edited several collections on ethics (including the forthcoming Philosophy of Deception); his nonfiction book Love, Lies and Marriage comes out next year. When we spoke two months ago, he said his life was now “incredibly calm and domestic”. He did not say that he was undergoing one of the most trying periods of his life. With How to Sell, Martin has written a gem of a story. Selling it probably wont be hard. The bigger challenge for Martin might be to learn how to stop selling. 6. In Martins book, the jewelry business isA. an ideal place for high school drop-outs to start their career. B. like a party in which everybody enjoys the excitement and luxury.C. full of opportunities for knowledgeable people to prosper.D. a world where people rarely value the virtue of honesty. 7. Which of the following is NOT true about Bobby Clark, the protagonist of the book How to Sell?A. He makes use of what he has read to promote sale. B. He was born in Toronto and dropped out of high school. C. He has a brother who introduces him into the jewelry business. D. His relationship with his father is rather complicated. 8. It can NOT be inferred from Paragraph Five and Six that A. the sense of moral responsibility is important to marriage. B. the jewelry business has great appeal to Martin.C. philosophy is a much less interesting subject than deception.D. excitement is not the most important component of life. 9. The sentence in the last paragraph “The bigger challenge for Martin might be to learn how to stop selling” implies thatA. once a person learns how to sell, the skill will never be forgotten. B. if a book becomes a best-seller, it is difficult not to stop selling it. C. cheating might become a kind of addiction that is hard to get rid of. D. books on cheating can always arouse peoples interest of purchase. 10. Which of the following best describes the category of writing this passage belongs to?A. A book review in a newspaper.B. An introduction in a jewelry magazine. C. An extract from a biography.D. An analysis of deception from an essay. Section Two Answering Questions (4x5=20 points)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use ONLY information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet. Questions 1 to 3Think of the solitude felt by Marie Smith before she died earlier this year in her native Alaska, at 89. She was the last person who knew the language of the Eyak people as a mother-tongue. Or imagine Ned Mandrell, who died in 1974 he was the last native speaker of Manx, similar to Irish and Scots Gaelic. Both these people had the comfort of being surrounded, some of the time, by enthusiasts who knew something precious was vanishing and tried to record and learn whatever they could of a vanishing tongue. In remote parts of the world, dozens more people are on the point of taking to their graves a system of communication that will never be recorded or reconstructed. Does it matter? Plenty of languages among them Akkadian, Etruscan, Tangut and Chibcha have gone the way of the dodo, without causing much trouble to posterity. Should anyone lose sleep over the fact that many tongues from Manchu (spoken in China) to Hua (Botswana) and Gwichin (Alaska) are in danger of suffering a similar fate?Compared with groups who lobby to save animals or trees, campaigners who lobby to preserve languages are themselves a rare breed. But they are trying both to mitigate and publicise an alarming acceleration in the rate at which languages are vanishing. Of some 6,900 tongues spoken in the world today, some 50% to 90% could be gone by the end of the century. In Africa, at least 300 languages are in near-term danger, and 200 more have died recently or are on the verge of death. Some 145 languages are threatened in East and South-East Asia. Some languages, even robust ones, face an obvious threat in the shape of a political power bent on imposing a majority tongue. A youngster in any part of the Soviet Union soon realised that whatever you spoke at home, mastering Russian was