《高级英语》考试试卷(B)

高级英语考试试卷（B）考试时间： 120 分钟 I. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the appropriate form of the given words or phrases: (10%)dispose of be subject to devoid of exert fortify fresh from subversion engulf convert at odds1. Security experts agree that certain documents should be shredded before managerial departments _them.2. The sudden _ of the parliamentary candidate to anti-nuclear movement has invoked deep suspicions among his voters.3. With the governments help, the _of the coastal area was accomplished before spring set in.4. Unfortunately, the small village was_ in the floods overnight.5. How successful they will _ the speed with which the product can be distributed to the shops.6. The child seems to be quite _ any sense of right or wrong. Not surprising really when you think what his parents are like.7. The investigation of the presidential scandal may likely _ the new cabinet.8. Modern liberalism is fundamentally _ with democratic government because it demands results that ordinary people would not freely choose.9. The _ to raise agricultural productivity should involve reforming incentives in agriculture, allowing markets to function efficiently, and promoting institutional arrangements conducive to long-term growth and rural development.10. He exposes greatly energy to his work, _ his three-month holiday. II. Paraphrase the following sentences, especially paying attention to the underlined part. （20%）1. NASA weighted exploration now against the chances for disaster and opted to take the risk. (Jenny Clanton)2. Allow him to walk into the House with mailbag after mailbag of letters in opposition to NASAs unbridled desire to go to Jupiter. (Jenny Clanton)3. I will unsay no words that I have spoken about it. (Winston Churchill)4. .with Gods help we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberate its people from his yoke. (Winston Churchill)5. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (John F. Kennedy) 6. remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. (John F. Kennedy)7. for we not meet powerful challenge at odds and split us asunder. (John F. Kennedy)8. For those who make themselves the slaves of unvarying routine are generally actuated by fear of a cold outer world, (Bertrand Russell)9. The affection given must be itself robust rather than timid, desiring excellence even more than safety on the part of its object, . (Bertrand Russell)10. Evidently this springs from some defect in their nature, but it is one not altogether easy either to diagnose or to cure. (Bertrand Russell)III. Point out the rhetorical device in the underlined part of each sentence and write your answer on the answer sheet. Only one item can be chosen for each sentence. (10%)personification metonymy rhetoric question metaphor onomatopoeiaantithesis synecdoche parallelism alliteration simile1. I see advancing upon all his in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, . 2. Then come the twilight colors of sea and heaven, the wine-pink width of water merging into lawns of aquamarine, and the sky a tender palette of pink and blue. 3. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire. 4. But for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. 5. Bitterness had fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 6. For countless ages the sun rose and set, the moon waxed and waned, the stars shone in the night, but it was only with the coming of Man that these things were understood. 7. Mr. Adams, how can a nation of only two million souls stand up to an empire of ten million?8. If you can do so, the way lies open to a new Paradise; if you cannot, nothing lies before you but universal death.9. I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.10. There lies before us, if we choose, continual progress in happiness, knowledge, and wisdom. Shall we, instead, choose death, because we cannot forget our quarrels?IV. Proofreading (10%) (see “Answer Sheet”)V. Reading comprehension (25%)In this section there are five reading passages. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.Passage 1Lets Help Eliminate Workplace AngerHow many of you have been angry at least once today？ asked the conductor of an anger-management seminar. According to an article The New York Times, most of those in the room raised their hands. The fact is, the seminar leader continued, people get angry an average of 10 to 14 times a day. But anger is especially endemic to work. If you have a jib, youre guaranteed to get angry.Up would have gone my hand, had I been in the room and heard that last mark. And I would have respectfully disagreed.Although some statistics indicate that the number of on-the-job flare-ups has increased in recent years, to hold onto the nation that workplace anger is therefore guaranteed is counterproductive. It leaves one with the impression that any efforts to remain even-tempered at work are, at best, only a bandit.Anger-management experts do offer a few common-sense guidelines to minimize work related anger: dont let it fester; dont look for snubs in what are purely innocent incidents; dont get caught up in other peoples gripes; if you start to lose control, take a break.I would add, pray.Instead of sitting there fuming over some encounter, why not use the time to listen for Gods thoughts, his messages to you? To be sure, they will snuff out the heat of anger and bring calmness, clarity, and healing. For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the Lord, thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected endBetter still, one can act preemptively to prevent a volatile atmosphere on the job. A good start is to consider that the people we work with - whether its the person at the desk across from ours or the president of the company - are not what we see on the surface.If we take it for granted that our coworkers are so many individuals composed merely of an assortment of physical and emotional characteristics, then our overall expectations on the job, as well as our concern for the well-being of those we work with, are limited. But our true nature isnt the sum of material and sometimes fiery emotional elements. Each one of us is Gods child. Everyones true selfhood comes from this one source - God, divine Spirit - and is therefore purely good and spiritual.Man (including woman) is the offspring, not of the lowest, but of the highest qualities of Mind, wrote Mary Baker Eddy, author of Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. This divine Mind, or God, is expressing in each of us these highest qualities as our real nature, respectfully and loving, and revealing our actual relation to one another as sons and daughters of God.What we should be counting on at work, then, or anywhere else where people come into contact with one another, is an atmosphere in which everyone feels upheld by Gods thoughts of peace. In this atmosphere, solid relationships develop and solution appear even in situations where it was believed that none were possible.So, instead of bracing for a showdown with a fellow worker, you can arrive at work filled with the conviction that you and your colleagues, clients, and customers are all inherently good-natured - God-natured - the offspring of a totally loving creator. Youre certain to have higher expectations, more compassion, more patience. A real peacemaker attitude.This is doing more than managing work-related anger. This is helping to eliminating it.1. What does the sentence But anger id especially endemic to work in the fist paragraph mean?A. anger for sure would cause harm to ones work.B. anger is as inevitable in workplace as indispositions to a person.C. anger can threaten ones position in a workplace.D. anger is like an indisposition, it is unavoidable but insignificant.2. Whats the meaning of the first sentence in the second paragraph Up would have gone my hand?A. I would have raised my hand.B. I would have vetoed the proposal by raising my hand.C. I would have strongly opposed to the view.D. I would have disagreed and aired my own view.3. What guidelines do the anger-management experts offer to subside workplace anger?A. calm down and try to solve the problem.B. take a breath and begin to lose control.C. divert your attention to pleasant things.D. all of the above.4. What does the author of Science and Heath try to convey readers in the book?A. man is created by God with divine qualities.B. human beings real nature is as respectful as God.C. we are all offspring of God, our relationship with others are that of brotherhood or sisterhood, so theres no reason for conflicts.D. all of the above points. 5. Whats the main idea of this passage?A. we should spare no efforts to eliminate workplace anger.B. pray can help minimize work-related anger.C. the Christian atmosphere in which everyone feels as equal sons and daughters of God should be advocated to reduce work-place anger.D. among various solution to workplace anger, resorting to peace by virtue of Christian belief is most efficient.6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. In this Christian belief you can arrive at work with an attitude to settle all disputes.B. Our true nature is merely the sum of material and sometimes fiery emotional elements.C. To hold onto the nation that workplace anger is therefore guaranteed is counterproductiveD. According to Mary Baker Eddy, God is revealing our actual relation to one another as sons and daughters of God.Passage 2Not often in the story of mankind does a man arrive on earth who is both steel and velvet, who is as hard as rock and soft as drifting fog, who knows in his heart and mind the paradox of terrible storm and peace unspeakable and perfect. Here and there across centuries come reports of men alleged to have these contrasts and the incomparable Abraham Lincoln, born 150 years ago this day, is an approach if not a perfect realization of this character. In the time of the April lilacs in the year 1865, Lincolns death, the casket with his body was carried northwest a thousand miles and the American people wept as never before. During the four years he was President, he at times, especially in the first three months, took to himself the powers of a dictator. He commanded the most powerful armies then assembled in modern warfare. He enforced and cruised conscription of soldiers for the first time in American history.And under imperative necessity, he abolished the writ of habeas corpus. He directed politically and spiritually the wild, massive turbulent forces let loose in Civil War, a war truly as time has shown, of brothers. He argued and pleaded for compensated emancipation of the slaves. The slaves were property. They were on the tax books along with horses and cattle, the valuation of each slave written next to his name on the tax assessors books. And failing to get action of compensated emancipation; he took the only other course. As a Chief Executive having war powers he issued the paper by which he declared the slaves to be free under military. People, people in many other countries take Lincoln now for their own. He belongs to them. He stands for decency, honest dealing, plain talk and funny stories. Look where he came from, dont you know he was a struggler and wasnt he a kind of tough struggler? All his life right up to the finish. Something like that you can hear in a nearby neighborhood and across the seas. Millions there are who take Lincoln as a personal treasure. He had something they would like to see spread everywhere all over the world. Democracy we cant find the words to say exactly what it is, but he had it. In his blood and bones he carried it. In the breath of his speeches and writings it is there. Popular government, republican institutions government where the people had the say so, one way or another telling there elected leaders what they want. He had the idea, he embodied it. Its there in the lights and shadows of his personality. A mystery that can be lived but never fully spoken in words.Today, when we say perhaps that well assured and most enduring memory onto Lincoln is invisibly there today, tomorrow and for a long time yet to come. It is there in the hearts of the lovers of liberty. Men and women this country has always had them in crises. Men and women who understand that wherever there is freedom, there have been those who have fought, toiled and sacrificed for it. I thank you.7. What does the author suggest as far as Abraham Lincolns characteristics are concerned?A. indefinable peaceB. admirable perfectC. paradox of extremesD. stern but approachable8. Why do millions of people take Lincoln as a personal treasure?A. He embodies decency, honest dealing, plain talk and a lot of other admirable qualities.B. He is the kind of tough strugglers whom common people respect and love.C. He stands for democracy.D. all of the above.9. Which of the following statements can NOT be deduced from this passage?A. He declared to free the slaves when he was a Chief Executive.B. He persistently carried out ideas in his mind.C. He is beloved as the embodiment of freedom and democracy.D. Though admired by people, he took high-handed measures as a dictator.10. Which of the following descriptions of Lincoln is true according to the passage?A. He argued and pleaded for unconditional emancipation of the slaves.B. He stands for decency, honest dealing, plain talk, tyranny and funny stories.C. He enforced the compulsory enrollment for the armed forces for the first time in American History.D. He was a man of contradiction.11. It is most likely that you can find this kind of passage in _.A. a speechB. an autobiography C. a storyD. a biographyPassage 3Do people who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travelers go abroad ill prepared to avoid serious disease.Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly theres an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a tropical diseases hospital when they come home. But it is notoriously difficult to get anybody to pay out money for keeping people healthy.Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests - the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travelers diarrhea in Turkey, or to take the time to spell out preventive measures travelers could take. The NHS finds it difficult to define travelers health, says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and tropical medicine and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London. Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? Its a gray area, and opinion is split. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, he says.To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just dont know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease is linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they ate, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.A recent leader in the British Medical Journal argued: Travel medicine will emerge as a credible discipline only if the risks encountered by travelers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice? The real figure is anybodys guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often dont work and so give people a false sense of security: Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he says.12. Travel medicine in Britain is _.A. not something anyone wants to run.B. the responsibility of the government.C. administered by private doctors.D. handled adequately by travel agents.13. The main interest of travel companies dealing with travel medicine is to _.A. prevent people from falling ill.B. make money out of it.C. give advice on specific countries.D. get the government to pay for it.14. In Behrens opinion the question of who should run travel medicine _.A. is for the government to decide.B. should be left to specialist hospitals.C. can be left to travel companies.D. has no clear and simple answer.15. People will only think better of travel medicine if _.A. it is given more resources by the government.B. more accurate information on its value is available.C. the government takes over responsibility from the NHS.D. travelers pay more attention to the advice they get.16. Travel medicine will become a credible field of study only if _A. Britain spends more money on such vaccines as cholera vaccines.B. travel agencies and public health organizations work together.C. the risks to be encountered and the benefits of public health interventions are explained thoroughly.D. it comes within the purview of the NHS.17. What does the word “colonized” in paragraph 3 mean?A. controlled B. conqueredC. establish as a colonyD. evaded18. What does the sentence “Its a gray area, and opinion is split.” ( Paragraph3) mean?A. Travel medicine is gray.B. It is not easy to tackle the problem of travel medicine.C. People quarrel too muchD. People are quite different.Passage 4In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life. Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians