定冠词和不定冠词的用法初中

-一、定冠词根本用法1).用以特指*些人或*些事物Please hand me the key on the desk. 请把桌上的钥匙递给我。 The girl in red is his sister. 穿红色衣服的女孩是他妹妹。 I like the music of the film. 我喜欢这部电影的音乐。2). 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Shut the door, please. 请关门。 Has he returned the book 那本书他还了吗？ Take the blue one, it is cheaper. 拿那个蓝的，它廉价些。3). 用以复述上文提过的人或事物第一次提到用a或an，以后再次提到用theHe saw a house in the distance. Jims parents lived in the house. 他看见远处有一所房子，吉姆的父母就住在那所房子里。 There was once an old fisherman. The old fisherman had a cat. The catwas white. 从前有一个老渔夫。这个老渔夫有一只猫。这只猫是只白猫。4). 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物这类词有： the sun太阳, the earth地球, the moon月亮, the sky天空, the world 世界The moon goes round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。 There is not any cloud in the sky. 天空中没有一丝云彩。 He is the richest man in the world. 他是世界上最富的人。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。Look! A red sun is rising. 瞧！一轮红日正在升起。5). 用在序数词等前定冠词用在序数词前，也用在表示序列的ne*t, last等前，还有在表示同一或唯一等的词前。Where do you live I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain. 她是第五个到达山顶的人。 This may be the last chance. 这可能是最后一次时机。 If I miss this train Ill catch the ne*t one. 如果赶不上这趟火车，我就赶下一趟。 He is the only person who knows the secret. 他是唯一一个知道这个秘密的人。 The two coats are of the same colour. 这两件外衣颜色一样。 This is the very book I want. 这正是我要的书。用very表示强调提示: a、序数词表示又一时，前面用不定冠词a(an) He bought a second pair of shoes. 他又买了一双鞋。 He asked a question, then a second, then a third他问了一个问题，又问了第二个，第三个 b、序数词用作状语或表语时，前面不加定冠词。George arrived first. 乔治第一个到。= George was the first person to arrive. Jim and Jack are both second in the match. 汤姆和杰克在比赛中并列第二。6). 用在形容词最高级前January is the first month of the year.一月是一年中的第一个月。Summer is the hottest season of the year. 夏天是一年中最炎热的季节。 Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. 杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。7).用在形容词only， very， same等前面Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。8). 表示方向、方位这类词有： the east东方，the west西方，the south南方，the north北方，the right右边，the left左边The birds are flying to the north. 这些鸟向北方飞去。 The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮从东方升起，在西方落下。 Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿着这条路往前走，在第一个路口往右拐。 He stood at the back of the door. 他站在门背后。提示:方位词成对使用构成平行构造时，不用定冠词。The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 这条河自西向2000公里长。 They traveled through the country from south to north.他们自南向北在这个国家旅行。9). 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前the Pacific 太平洋the Red Sea 红海the South China Sea 南中国海the Yangtze River 长江 the Nile 尼罗河the West Lake 西湖 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山 the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉提示:例外的情况: Mount Tai泰山 China Daily中国日报10). 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人。看做复数The Greenswill move to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。The Brownsare very friendly. 布朗夫妇都很友好。11). 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物，强调整个类别(可表示该事物的全体)the dollar美元;the fo*狐狸；The orangeis a kind of fruit. 橘子是一种水果。The horseis a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。The computeris important to us. 电脑对我们来说是重要的。提示:不定冠词+单数名词，不带冠词的复数名词也可表示一类人或物。A carruns faster than a bus. 小汽车比公交车跑得快。Carsrun faster than buses. A dog is a faithful animal. 狗是忠实的动物。Dogsare faithful animals. 12). 和*些形容词或分词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物(可表示该事物的全体)the living 生者the happy 幸福的人 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人the impossible 不可能的事the old 老年人the aged 老人 the young 年轻人the sick 病人the blind 盲人 the wounded 伤员 the smooth 顺事 the beautiful 美，美的东西注：表示一类人时，看做复数；表示一类事物时，看做单数The good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。The old are sick.The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。The wounded have been sent to the hospital. 伤员已经被送到医院去了。13).与复数名词连用，指整个群体：They are the teachers of this school. (指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指局部教师)14). 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加theShe can play the piano. 她会弹钢琴。 He plays the violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。 He played the guitar for the children. 他给孩子们弹了吉他。中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)提示: 但乐器名词表示具体的器物，或表示课程时，不加the.He bought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。 She taught piano in the school. 她在学校里教钢琴。15).*些固定的表达法in the morning 在上午in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the night 在夜里In the day 在白天in the daytime 白天the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天the ne*t morning 第二早晨the other day 前几天at the weekend 周末in the year 2008 在2008年at (/in) the beginning 开场at the moment 当时，此刻all the year round 一年到头in the sun 在阳光下in the sky 在空中 in the water 在水中in the field 在田野里 in the country 在乡间in the rain 在雨中in the dark 在暗处 in the shade 在阴凉处in the distance 在远处 on the right 在右边 in the front of 在前部in the middle of 在中间at the bottom of 在底部by the way 顺便说一下 on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面go to the concert 去听音乐会 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏on the way home 回家途中on the plane 在飞机上to tell the truth说实话to keep the peace 保持和平，维持治安all the time 始终 in the end 终于all the same 依然 on the whole 总之 at the same time 同时with the e*ception of 除以外提示: 下面几个短语前不加定冠词： at dawn 在黎明 at night 在晚上 at noon 在正午 at dusk 在黄昏16). 用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States of America 美国the United Nations 联合国the Red Cross Hospital 红十字医院the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会the New York Times 纽约时报the Peoples Daily 人民日报the Great Wall 长城 the North Pole 北极the Peoples Park 人民公园the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火车站提示:例外的情况: China Daily中国日报17). 用在表示计算单位的名词前，含有每，每一的意思Jim is paid by the hour. 吉姆的工资按小时付。 Eggs are sold by the kilogram. 鸡蛋按千克出售。 This cloth is sold by the yard. 这种布按码出售。 It sells at three dollars the pound. 它以每磅三美元出售。 They sell sugar by the pound.他们按磅卖糖。18). 用在前面已提到过的人的身体部位或衣着的名词前表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前这种用法是先把整个对象说出来，然后再说到那个对象的身体的局部或衣着。构造：动词(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take)+sb.+介词(in, on, by, across)+身体部位或衣着 She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰他的肩。 He took the girl by the hand. 他拉着小女孩的手。 He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。 The stone struck the man in the eye. 石头击中了那人的眼睛。 I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。比较：她拍了拍那男孩的头。 She patted the boy on his head. *误 She patted the boy on the head. 正19). 用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代，也指人的大约岁数The war broke out in the forties. 那场战争发生在40年代。 He went abroad in the 1980s. 他在20世纪80年代出国的。 The old man is in the seventies. 老人大约七十几岁。20). 用在表示自然现象的名词前 the rain 雨，the wind风, the fog雾，the snow雪, the air空气, the storm风暴，the snowstorm 暴风雪Dont stand in the rain. 不要站在雨中。 The wind blew down the trees. 风把树刮倒了。 The ship sank in the storm. 船在风暴中漂浮了。 The rain has cleaned the air. 下雨净洁了空气。 The fog was so thick that we couldnt see the top of the hill. 雾很大，我们看不见山顶。提示 a这类名词前有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示一场，一阵，一种A cold wind is blowing from the north. 冷风从北方吹来。 There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一场大雨。 b这类名词表示一般物质时，不用冠词。Rain falls in summer;snow falls in winter. 夏天下雨，冬天下雪。 Man cant live without air. 没有空气人不能活。21). 与复数名词连用，指整个群体They are the teachers of this school. (指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.(指局部教师) 22). 不用定冠词场合如下名词前已有作定语用的this，that，these，those，my，your，his，her，our，their，some等限定词。this eraser，her pencil-bo*，some bo*es，these women等。泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。meat，rice，water，bread，tea，milk，juice等。表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。Chinese，maths，English，physics，history等。在三餐饭和球类运动前一般不用冠词。have breakfastlunchsupper，play basketballfootballvolleyballtable tennistennispingpong等。复数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。His parents are both workers他父母都是工人。 The people in the room are doctors房间里那些人是医生。季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。autumn，winter，Teachers Day，Childrens Day，Sunday，Wednesday，February，October等。表示颜色、语种和国家的名词前不用冠词。white，brown，French法语，Japanese日语，Australia，America美国等。表示称呼语的名词之前以及职务、头衔的名词后也跟有名词时不用冠词。Whats wrong，Granny？老奶奶，怎么啦？Doctor Green is a scientist格林博士是位科学家。二、不定冠词根本用法：不定冠词主要用在可数名词单数前1不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素(一般读做e)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(一般读做en)开头的词前。例如：a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple, a tall elephant 2用来表示一的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。A teacher is looking for you. We work five days a week. 3不定冠词含有的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里边一般可以不必译出，但假设有一个的意思则译出An orange is good for you. 桔子对你有好处。4一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的*一种类。Bill is a student. Pass me an apple, please. 5用在*些固定词组中。a lot of a moment ago a few a little 6可用在表示数量的词组中：four times a day half a kilo half an hour7*类人或物可用在表语、同位语中：She is a Canadian (dancer.)她是加拿大人舞蹈演员。A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.不定冠词位置：不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a. 位于以下形容词之后： such，what，many，half，I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.许多人适合这份工作b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。三、不用冠词的情况1星期、月份、季节节日前一般不用冠词。但是中国传统节日前习惯用冠词。Allofuslikethespringfestival.我们喜欢春节。ItsSundaytoday.今天是星期天。HewasbornonJune12,1999.他出生于1999年6月12日。TodayisFathersDay.今天是父亲节。Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind冬天来了，春天还会远吗但是如果被一个限制性定语修饰或有表示继续的介词during,through时表示一段特定的时间，则在季节前要加定冠词。ShecametoShanghaiinthespringof1987.她是一九八七年春天来上海的。TheschoolwascompletedintheSeptemberof2000.这学校是2000年9月落成的。Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.他夏天的每一天都游泳。虽不特指*一年的季节，但说话人把*季节看作一年的一局部，即一年的*一时间。则在季节前要加定冠词。Weplayfootballinthewinter.2在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。Mr.Liisourheadmaster.李先生是我们的校长。AfterlunchAuntHuangcamein.午饭后黄阿姨来了。3名词复数表示一类人或事物时。但假设名词复数被一个限制性定语修饰，则要加定冠词the.Ilikecakesverymuch.我非常喜欢蛋糕。MyfatherandmotherarethedoctorsinPeoplesHospitalofShangha4在三餐饭，球类运动与棋类游戏，学科名称的名词前。但假设表示*一种或*一个特定的概念时用冠词。Hehadsupperwithusyesterday.Itsaverygoodsupper.他昨天和我们吃晚饭，这是一顿丰富的晚餐。Mybrotherlikestoplayfootball.我兄弟喜欢踢足球。Letsgoandwatchthemplaychess.让我们去看他们下棋。5在物质名词，抽象名词，人名，地名等专有名词和不可数名词前.但假设可数名词有其它限制词修饰时，则要加定冠词the.Smithisourteacher.史密思是我们的教师。Milkisgoodforus.牛奶对我们有好处。Thewaterinthepoolisverydirty.坑里的水很脏。6名词前已有作定语的this、that、my、your、some、any、等限定词时Comethisway,please.Ivesomequestiontoaskyou.Mybrotherisastudent.词法冠词专项练习一、 选择填空：( ) 1. She is _ girl. She is _ English girl. A. aa B. an.a C. a.an D. a./( ) 2. Tom is _ English. He is _ English boy. A. an.an B. /.an C. / D. aa ( ) 3. _ live in Room 208. A. The Green B. Green C. The Greens D. Greens ( ) 4. January is _ first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the ( ) 5. We should think of _ old and _ sick. A. a.a B. ana C. the.the D. /./( ) 6. _ number of the students in our class is 52. A. A B. An C. The D. / ( ) 7. She can play _ piano, but she cant play _ football. A. thethe B. the/ C. /the D. a.a ( ) 8. There is _ s in the word si* and _ s is the first letter of the word. A. athe B. a.an C. anthe D. aa ( ) 9. A horse is _ useful animal. A. an B. a C. the D. this ( ) 10. He has already worked for _ hour. A. an B. a C. the D. three ( ) 11. Lucy wants to become _. A. some teacher B. a teacher C. teacher D. teachers ( ) 12. Hainan is _ islands, isnt it A. the B. one C. a D. an ( ) 13. What do you usually do after _ A. the class B. class C. the classes D. a class ( ) 14. Ill have to buy _ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. pair ( ) 15. Ive thrown my old shoes away. Ill have to buy _. A. a new pair B. a new one C. some new D. some new pair ( ) 16. My uncle told me he was going to visit _. A. the United State B. the United States C. United States D. United States ( ) 17. They failed si* times, but they have decided to try _. A. seven times B. the seven time C. the seventh time D. seventh time ( ) 18. Who are those boys One is my brother and _. A. the big boy is Mike B. a big boy is Mike C. the big boy is a Peter D. a big boy is a Peter ( ) 19. You will find _ girl in black. She is _ teacher. A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the ( ) 20. _ birds can fly every high in _ sky. A. The, the B. The, a C. An, the D. A, the ( ) 21. Im not looking at _. A. sun B. sky C. the sun D. some sky ( ) 22. The little boy wishes to be _. A. Lei Feng B. the Lei Feng C. this Lei Feng D. a Lei Feng ( ) 23. _ have studied English in our school. A. Most of students B. The most students C. Most of the students D. Most student ( ) 24. Toms brother hit Bob on _ nose. A. his B. the C. its D. a ( ) 25. We are going to have an e*am _. A. in the class B. in a class C. at the class D. in class ( ) 26. We have had _. A. good dinner B. a good dinner C. the good dinner D. good dinners ( ) 27. _ fine weather we have today! Lets go swimming. A. What a B. How C. What D. How a ( ) 28. Theres _ apple tree behind _ house. A. an, the B. a, a C. an, a D. the, the ( ) 29. We can see the sun in _ daytime, but we cant see it at _ night. A. a, the B. the, / C. a, / D. an, / ( ) 30. I saw _ old man walking across the street and _ old man looked worried. A. an, an B. the, the C. an, the D. the, an ( ) 31. What _ it is! A. a heavy rain B. heavy rain C. a heavy rains D. heavy rains ( ) 32. _ time we had at the party! A. What wonderful B. What a wonderful C. How wonderful D. How a wonderful ( ) 33. _ tallest building in the town is _ Bank of China. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a D. A, the ( ) 34. Little Tom looked at the big shark _. A. in the surprise B. in surprised C. in surprise D. at a surprise ( ) 35. _ more carefully you ride, _ fewer falls youll get. A. The, the B. A, the C. The, a D. A, a ( ) 36. He has made _ decision that he will be _ inventor some time. A. a, the B. a, an C. the, an D. the, the ( ) 37. - We havent seen for _ long time. Where have you been - I have been for _ holiday with my parents. - Have _ nice time! - Thank you. A. a, the, a B. the, a, a C. a, a, a D. a, the, the ( ) 38. - E*cuse me, can you tell me way to _ *inhua Bookstore - Go along this road, and then turn to _ right at _ first crossing, at_ end of the street, you can find it. A. the, a, the, the, the B. a, the, the, a, the C. the, the, the, a, the D. the, the, the, the, the ( ) 39. Why not take _ friend with you Thats _ good idea. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a ( ) 40. Take the medicine three times _ day. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 41. English is _ language. It is _ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, / ( ) 42. Meimei has _ high fever and his mother is looking after her. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 43. Lucy takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C. / D. an ( ) 44. Paper is made of _ wood. A. a B. the C. / D. that ( ) 45. _ February is the second month of the year. A. The B. A C. / D. an ( ) 46. We have no classes on _ Sundays. A. the B. a C. an D. / ( ) 47. I studied _ English in _ England. A. / , / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the ( ) 48. We go to school by _ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. an( ) 49. These boys play _ football after class. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 50. There is _ bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a ( ) 51. Sunday is _ first day of the week. A. the B. / C. a D. an ( ) 52. _ Greens were having breakfast at seven this morning. A. A B. An C. / D. The ( ) 53. She is one of _ most popular teachers in this school. Every student loves her. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 54. There is _ 800-metre-long bridge over the river. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 55. _ number of the students are playing _ basketball on the playground. A. A, a B. The, the C. The, a D. A, / ( ) 56. They often take a walk in _ Bei Hai Park. A. the B. a C. / D. this ( ) 57. The old man was ill in _ hospital. A. the B. / C. a D. an ( ) 58. There is no _ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D. / ( ) 59. Beijing is _ capital of _ peoples Republic of _ China. A. a, the, the B. the, the, / C. the, the, the D. the, a, the ( ) 60. He started _ school when he was seven. A. the B. a C. an D. / ( ) 61. He has _ great deal of interest in _ English. A. a, an B. the, the C. a, / D. a, the ( ) 62. He is _ cleverest boy in our school. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 63. She often spends much _ time reading. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 64. Boys likes to go _ boating. A. a B. an C. / D. the 二、用适当冠词填空1. Thomas Edison was one of _ greatest inventors in world. 2. Man is _ only animal that can talk. 3. Is this house _ older of the two 4. _ earth moves around _ sun. 5. I live in _ northeast of China. 6. There are si*ty minutes in _ hour. 7. _ honest boy is Jim, _ friend of mine. 8. Children usually go to _ school at _ age of seven. 9. Here is _ useful book to read. 10. Would you like _ rice or _ bread for your breakfast