新视野大学英语读写教程 单元

会计学1新视野大学英语读写教程新视野大学英语读写教程 单元单元Culture ShockObjectives 1. Talk about time consciousness of Americans. 2. Learn about cultural differences. 3. Enlarge vocabulary. 4. Learn to read for main ideas. 1 1Lets talk aboutLets talk aboutCultural DifferencesCultural DifferencesvTalk aTalk about stressbout stress 6. responding to compliments & praise How to Manage the Following Situations?Situation 2 home visitSituation 3 to a partySituation 4 being invited to dinnerSituation 5 an interview Why?Why?Why?Why?Americans tend to be _. To the Arabians, _ _ is acceptable. punctualhalf an houror 40 minutes lateSituation 2: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in on her house. But when you knocked at the door In China, its OKto visit friendswithout callingahead of time.While in the U.S.,its impolite to doso.Mary felt surprised. Why? What is the polite way in the U.S.?Calling ahead of time.In the U.S., people tend to be _. In China, close friends tend to arrive _，but acquaintances tend to arrive _.510 late (B)before 7:00 (A) 510 earlier (D)The AmericansThe ChineseTo Visit Friends in the U.S.lateearlygive them a phone.send them a letter.send them an e-mail.fashionably latepunctualright on timeListen to the recording and fill in the blanks.GuessSituation 5:1. Any sum of money is OK for me.2. At least $2500, Im the best.4. Oh, money is not important to me. I dont come here simply for money.3. $1,000 a month. I can make it.TipsTHIS MAY BE DUE TO CULTURAL DIFFERENCESStructure Analysis Structure Analysis Idea Catching Idea CatchingTime and labor. What are the two things Americans try to save?1. Question:Way 1Way 2Way 3Way 4They treat time seriously.They do everything in a hurry.They start talking business quickly.They use modern devices to communi-cate with each other efficiently.2. The ways Americans save time include:To successfully solve a problemand to fulfill a job with speedis taken by _ as a sign of 3.Conclusion: different ideas The _ consider itproper to _WHAT?How?What does the writer want to What does the writer want to tell us?tell us?How does he support his idea?How does he support his idea? By giving specific details, then By giving specific details, then telling the reasons. telling the reasons. Americans are time conscious.Americans are time conscious. Reasons (R):1.2.3. 4.5. Specific Details (SD):Topic of Para.1 Topic of Para.2Topic of Para.3Topic of Para.4Topic of Para.57If youre not moving ahead, youre falling behind.SD:R:Para.1Americans believe no onestands still.Para.2SD:R:Time is treated as if it were something almost real.Time is a precious resource.Para.3SD:Everyone in the U.S. is in a rush.R:They are often under pressure.Para.4SD:Americans quicklystart talking business.R:Time is always ticking in their inner ear.Para.57SD:We work hard to save time. How?R:These devices can save the feet and endless amounts of time.We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices.Para. 8Americans take it as a sign of skillfulness to do things quickly.The foreigners have different ideas from those of Americans.How is the text organized?The passage is broadly put into three parts: Americans attitudes towards time, how Americans save time, and what is highly valued by Americans in terms of time. The whole passage is developed by the method of deduction. In the first part, the general idea is clearly presented; in the second, the main point is illustrated from several aspects; and in the third, restatement and emphasis of the main point is given. For detailsII. Text Analysis - StructureBackII. Text Analysis: Main Idea and StructureBackThe author comes straight to the point: Americans attitudes towards time:Americans value time a n d s a v e t i m e carefully. Time is regarded as precious resources.Americans work hard at the task of saving time. They save time not only in their daily life, business but also in their work. This is illustrated by the foreigners first impression of the U . S . . B e s i d e s , Americans create a series of devices to save time.By making contrast between Americans viewpoint on time and that of those from other cultures, the author emphasizes the main idea : In American culture, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed. Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. (L1) become bit by bit further behind(with) fail to produce sth. at the proper timeAmericans think no one keeps motionless, everyone moves and advances. If you are not moving ahead, you will become further behind. fall behind sb./sth. become bit by bit further behindHes been falling behind his group members in English. 他在英语方面一直落后于同组同学。 fall behind with sth. fail to produce sth. at the proper time我工作拖下来了，我得想办法赶上。后置后置定语定语As a result of this attitude, Americans tend to devote their time and energy to researching, experimenting and mit sb./sth. to (doing) mit oneself to sth. devote to (doing) sth.BBANo further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end. 没有做进一步的讨论没有做进一步的讨论, 会议就告结束了。会议就告结束了。Time is one of the two elements that American save carefully, with the other being labor.The structure is: subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with+subject+v-ing/v-ed吃完午饭吃完午饭, 所有客人都回到了起居室。所有客人都回到了起居室。Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room. With lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room. FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:onlyslave to drink; slave to money 学校编列了一百万美元建新图书馆的预算。 She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully. The school budgeted one million dollars for a new library. 她忙极了,所以必须好好安排时间。Words and ExpressionsWord Using plan the spending of 小两口为下一年定预算。The young couple budgeted for the coming year.Words and ExpressionsWord Using save or spend money for 量入为出是很重要的。It is essential to balance ones budget.Words and ExpressionsWord Using a plan to show how much a person will be able to spend他以低廉的价钱买下这所房子。He bought the house at a budget price.Words and ExpressionsWord Using inexpensive, cheap account for give a satisfactory explanation for 珍妮不得不向父亲说明每一个便士是怎么花的。 account for be a proportion of sth.女生占我们班一半人数。 count vi. If sth. counts, its important or valuable; vt. calculate考试前，每一秒钟都很重要。The government raced the new law through all its stages so as to complete it before the election. do sth. in a hurry The child raced through his homework in order to watch the football match on TV. 那孩子为看电视转播的足球赛而匆匆做完作业。那孩子为看电视转播的足球赛而匆匆做完作业。 政府在制定这项新法律的各阶段都是匆匆完成，以便在大政府在制定这项新法律的各阶段都是匆匆完成，以便在大选前完成立法。选前完成立法。FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:race through an abrupt attitude 无礼的态度无礼的态度 an abrupt change of policy 突然改变政策突然改变政策 an abrupt drop in oil prices 油价突降油价突降 abrupt adj.1) (of behavior) rough2) sudden and unexpected当我询问她的新工作时当我询问她的新工作时, 她对我态度非常粗鲁。她对我态度非常粗鲁。 会谈突然结束。会谈突然结束。When I asked her about her new job, she was quite abrupt with me.The meeting came to an abrupt end.FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:12. 认为某事是针对某人的认为某事是针对某人的 to take sth. personally (L19)(L. 18)当老板进行泛泛的批评时，不要对号入座当老板进行泛泛的批评时，不要对号入座。活学活用活学活用When the boss makes general and negative comments, dont take it personally.上一页上一页不得当地，不得体地不得当地，不得体地 beyond a certain appropriate point (L. 21)爱有助于孩子健康成长，但溺爱会宠坏爱有助于孩子健康成长，但溺爱会宠坏, ,甚甚至毁了孩子。至毁了孩子。Love adds health to the growth of children, but the love beyond a certain appropriate point will make them spoiled or even ruined.上一页上一页Theyll be sad because theyll not have the usual exchanges that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These exchanges may be a common and regular practice on similar occasions in their own country. convention n. customary practice 习俗，惯例男子在正式场合穿西装是一种惯例。Happiness does not go as an automatic result with money. 有钱不一定就幸福。有钱不一定就幸福。exist or take place at the same time, be found together 当了父亲责任就随之而来。当了父亲责任就随之而来。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:go withWe must not think of this writer as a radical socialist politician, much less a leader of a revolution. 我们不应该把这位作家看作是激进的社会政治家，更别说是革我们不应该把这位作家看作是激进的社会政治家，更别说是革命的领袖了。命的领袖了。 and even less likely她连水也不肯喝一口她连水也不肯喝一口, 更别说留下吃饭了。更别说留下吃饭了。She wouldnt take a drink, still/much less would she stay for dinner. FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:much less (also still less)taking into account Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。 Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause. 看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应是适合她的职业。看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应是适合她的职业。FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:given (that) prep. Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.keep sth. for future use, not use up sth. Save your strength for hard work youll have to do later. 养精蓄锐以应付今后你得去做的繁重工作。养精蓄锐以应付今后你得去做的繁重工作。 你能不能把你的故事留在以后告诉我你能不能把你的故事留在以后告诉我? FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:save . forCan you save your story for later?2) near in time or place1) under discussion or being considered手边有合适的设备可用将非常有帮助。手边有合适的设备可用将非常有帮助。Having the right equipment at hand will be very helpful. FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:at handbut, in contrast: while他们国家石油丰富他们国家石油丰富, 而我们国家则一点也没有。而我们国家则一点也没有。 Their country has plenty of oil, whereas/ while ours has none.FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:whereas conj.in the opinion or judgment of someone在大家的心目中，专家总是对的。在大家的心目中，专家总是对的。FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:in ones eyesThe expert is always right in the eyes of everybody. merit, deserve worth, worthy, worthwhileFOR EXAMPLE:be worthy ofworth It is worth (doing) sth.worthy Sth. is worthy of + n. /being done /to be doneworthwhile It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.这件事值得考虑。这件事值得考虑。The matter is worth consideration/considering.The matter is worthy of consideration/being/to be considered.It is worthwhile considering/to consider the matter.Now you try:merit, deservebe worthy ofmake sth. /sb. do sth. 你能让这辆旧车重新跑起来吗？你能让这辆旧车重新跑起来吗？Can you get the old car going again? FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:get sth. /sb. doing (sth.)I. Matching Gamego withsignificanceconductbe at handin personsuperb whereas be competent to dofulfillII. Chinese to EnglishFind out the active expressions:Find out the active expressions:Notes to the TextActive Expressions Active ExpressionsActive ExpressionsNotes to the TextActive Expressions Notes to the TextActive Expressions Tips1. There he did nothing but sleep all day long.2. Happiness doesnt necessarily go with money.3. When he writes, he always keep a dictionary at hand .4. If one wants to open a bank account in China, he must go to the bank in person. Notes to the TextActive Expressions More Practice Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1.Shes nothing but skin and bones!2.Ill health often goes with poverty.3.The Christmas Day is almost at hand, have you got any idea for it?4.Youve to go sign for a contract in person, they cant just mail it.Notes to the TextActive Expressions 她一到我们就开始。 一旦染上坏习惯,想改掉就难了。 Once she arrives, we can start. Once you get into a bad habit, youll find it hard to get out of it.Notes to the TextFocus Study given + n./ that clause , 如果有, 假如；考虑到Practice Notes to the TextFocus Study 考虑到他们缺乏经验,他们算做得很出色了。 如果照样再给他治疗一次，他肯定会痊愈。 Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.Notes to the TextFocus Study In America, theres another saying about time: “We are slaves to nothing but the clock.” How do you understand this saying? American culture is a time-conscious culture and people value time highly. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. Many people have a rather acute(敏感的敏感的) sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Time is always ticking(滴答响滴答响) in their inner ear. As a result, sometimes people just feel helpless in front of time. They are under control of time and are slaves to the clock.referenceAfter-reading Activities-Further DiscussionCulture ShockSituation 2: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in on her house. But when you knocked at the door In China, its OKto visit friendswithout callingahead of time.While in the U.S.,its impolite to doso.Mary felt surprised. Why? What is the polite way in the U.S.?Calling ahead of time. fall behind sb./sth. become bit by bit further behindHes been falling behind his group members in English. 他在英语方面一直落后于同组同学。 onlyslave to drink; slave to money