山东省青岛市中考英语 第二部分 专题语法 高效突破 专项4 代词课件

第二部分第二部分 专题语法专题语法 高效突破高效突破专项专项 4 代词代词 高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点 1 人称代词人称代词1.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化列表如下： 主(宾)格 人称单数主格宾格复数主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he himthey them shehertheythemitittheythem 2.人称代词的用法(1)人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。如：She is a good student.她是一个好学生。(2)人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。如：I dont know her.我不认识她。His mother is waiting for him outside.他的母亲正在外面等着他。3.人称代词的语序几个人称代词并列充当主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式(二、三、一)you，he/she and I；复数形式(一、二、三)we，you and they。考点考点 2 物主代词物主代词1.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，列表如下：2.物主代词的用法： 我的我的 你的你的 他的他的 她的她的 它的它的我们的我们的 你们的你们的 他们的他们的形容词性物形容词性物主代词主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主名词性物主代词代词mine yourshishersitsoursyourstheirs类别类别作用作用例句例句形容词性物主代形容词性物主代词词作定语We must protect animals，they are our friends.我们必须保护动物，它们是我们的朋友。类别类别作用作用例句例句名词性物名词性物主代词主代词作主语Would you please lend me your English book？Mine isnt here.我能借一下你的英语书吗？我的不在这儿。作宾语This isnt your football，Tom. You left yours at school.这不是你的足球，汤姆。你把你的落在学校了。作表语Whose book is it？这是谁的书？Its mine.是我的。与of连用作定语The red skirt of hers is very beautiful.她的那条红色裙子非常漂亮。【注意】【注意】形容词性物主代词具有形容词的作用，不能单独使用，放在名词前面作定语。名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，它只能独立使用，后面不跟名词。如：This computer is mine. = This is my computer.这是我的电脑。 物主代词前后不能有this，that，some，a，an，the等词修饰。如不能说the his watch。 当表示强调时，形容词性物主代词可与own连用，意为“某人自己的”。如：her own bike她自己的自行车。考点考点 3 反身代词反身代词1.反身代词的构成：(1)第一、二人称反身代词构成：形容词性物主代词self/selves。(2)第三人称反身代词构成：人称代词宾格self/selves。 我我(们们)自自己己你你(们们)自自己己他他(们们)自己自己她她(们们)自自己己它它(们们)自自己己单数单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselves themselves2.反身代词的用法：用法用法位置位置例句例句作宾语作宾语动词或介词之后He can take care of himself.他能照顾好他自己。作表语作表语系动词之后The poor boy in the story was myself.这个故事里可怜的男孩是我自己。作同位作同位语语名词或代词之后或句末I myself did it. = I did it myself.我自己做的。3. 反身代词常用的结构：for oneself 为自己；hurt oneself 伤害自己；prove oneself 证明自己；keep sth.to oneself保密；dress oneself自己穿衣服；主语oneself.某人亲自；help oneself (to)自用(食物等)；enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴；learn sth.by oneself = teach oneself sth.自学；by oneself = do sth.alone独自做某事考点考点 4 普通不定代词普通不定代词1.普通不定代词普通不定代词有some，any，many，much，each，every，both，few，little，a few，a little，all，none，either，neither，other，the other，others，another。 相同点相同点不同点不同点例句例句some均表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词, some 常用于肯定句；但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到对方肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应someI need some paper.Do you have any paper？我需要一些纸。你有吗？ any 常用于否定句和疑问句，还可用于if引导的条件状语从句；用于肯定句时，表示“任何一个”The question is very easy.Any student can answer it.这个问题很简单。任何一个学生都能回答上。 2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析(1) some与any (2) many与much相同点相同点不同点不同点例句例句many意为“许多” 指代或修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so，too，how连用He has many friends.他有很多朋友。 much指代或修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so，too，how连用He doesnt have much money.他没有很多钱。(3) both，either与neither 相相同同点点不同点不同点例句例句both均用于两个人或物意为“两者都”，both of.作主语时，谓语动词用复数。其反义词为neither。词组：both.and意为 “两者都”He has two sons.Both of them are doctors.他有两个儿子。他们两个都是医生。either意为“两者之一”，either of.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。词组：either.or意为“要么要么”Which do you like，tea or milk？茶和牛奶你喜欢哪个？Either is OK.任何一个都可以。neither均用于两个人或物意为“两者都不”，neither of.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。词组：neither.nor意为“既不也不”Neither of the twins has been to Beijing.They hope to visit there one day.这两个双胞胎中的任何一个都没有去过北京。他们希望有一天可以去那里。Neither you nor he knows the answer.既不是你也不是他知道答案。(4) all，every，each与none 不同点不同点例句例句all指三者或三者以上“全部都”，其反义词为none。all of.作主语时，谓语动词用复数All of the students have heard of the story，so they want to hear a new one.所有学生都已经听过这个故事了，所以他们想听一个新的。every指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每一个”，不能带of Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的每个学生都很用功each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每一个”，能带of Each student may have one book.每个学生都可以有一本书。none指三者或三者以上当中“一个也没有”，既可指人也可指物，常与of连用。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。none代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties.战士们都不怕困难。【注意】【注意】用what / who提问的句子表示否定时分别用nothing / no one(nobody)来回答。用how many / how much提问的句子表示否定时只能用none来回答。no one / nobody指三者或三者以上当中“一个也没有”，只能指人，不能与of连用。如：What can you see in the room？你在房间里能看到什么？Nothing.什么都没有。How many sheep did you see on the hill？你在山上能看到多少只羊？None.一只也没有。No one/Nobody can help him out. He must do it by himself.没有人能够帮他摆脱困境。他必须靠自己。(5) other，the other，others，the others 与 another不定不定代词代词意义意义用法说明用法说明例句例句other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词连用；但如果前面有the，some，any，each，every，no，my，your，his等，则可与单数名词连用I have no other choice.我没有选择的余地。the other两者中的另一个常与one连用，构成“one.the other.”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部”He has two cars.One is black，the other is white.他有两辆车。一辆黑色的，一辆白色的。others另一些泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定语，可以构成“some.，others.”结构There are many students on the playground.Some are playing basketball，others are playing football. 操场上有许多学生。一些在打篮球，另一些在踢足球。the others其余的特指其余所有的人或物There are 50 students in my class.25 are boys，the others are girls.我们班有五十名学生。二十五个男生，其他的是女生。another又一，另一一般情况下，后面接可数名词单数，但后面可加few或带数字的复数名词The dress is too small.Please show me another one.这件裙子太小。请给我展示另外一件。考点考点 5 复合不定代词复合不定代词复合不定代词的用法：(1)复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。(2)复合不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词须后置。(3)由some构成的不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。由some构成的不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表明“请求对方给予肯定回答”的心理。表人表人somebody，someoneanybody，anyoneeverybody，everyonenobody，no one表物表物somethinganythingeverythingnothing考点考点 6 指示代词指示代词1.one，this/these与that/those代词代词用法用法例句例句one表示泛指，指前面提到的那类人或物中的任何一个，用来代替可数名词单数；其复数形式是onesYour watch is very nice.I want to buy one like yours.你的手表很漂亮。我想买一个和你一样的。I bought it two weeks ago.我两周前买的。this / these指近处的人或物，单数用this，复数用theseThis is her schoolbag.这是她的书包。These books are his.这些书是他的。that / those指远处的人或物，that 指代同一类别中的另一个，用来代替不可数名词；those用来指代名词复数，指代同一类别中的另一些，通常用于含有比较级的句子中That is his bike.那是他的自行车。The weather in Guangdong is hotter than that in Beijing.广东的天气比北京的热。The buildings of Beijing are higher than those of Zhongshan.北京的建筑比中山的高。2.it的特殊用法(1)指代前面提到过的事物。如：The book on the desk is not mine.It is Jims.书桌子上的书不是我的。它是吉姆的。(2)代替指示代词this或that。如：Whats that？那是什么？It is a pencil.它是一支铅笔。(3)指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.有人在敲门。请去看看他是谁。(4)指代时间或季节。如：Whats the time now？现在几点？Its ten oclock.十点。(5)指代天气。如：Whats the weather like today？今天天气怎么样？Its sunny.晴天。(6)指代距离。如：How far is it from your school to your home？从学校到你家有多远？(7)it的常用句型：It isadj.(for / of sb.)to do sth.做某事(对某人来说)如：It is important for us to work hard.对我们来说努力学习是重要的。Its time to do / for / that.该做某事的时间了。如：Its time to get up / for lunch / that we went home.该起床了/该吃午饭了/我们该回家了。It seems that.好像如：It seems that you are right.看起来你是对的。Its ones turn to do.轮到某人做如：Its your turn to sing. 轮到你唱了。Itsadj.that从句。如：Its natural that they should have different views.他们有不同的观点是很自然的。(8)作形式宾语。如：Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line？你认为学习排队等候是有必要的吗？(9)构成强调句型“It is / was被强调部分that / who其他成分”。如：It is he who goes to school by bike every day.他每天骑自行车上学。考点考点 7 疑问代词疑问代词who作主语、表语、宾语(此时不能放在介词后)Who are you waiting for？你现在等谁？whomwho的宾格形式，作宾语With whom did you go swimming？你和谁去游泳的？whosewho的所有格形式，作主语、表语、宾语或定语Whose pen is this？这是谁的钢笔？what对物提问，意为“什么”What fruit do you like？你喜欢什么水果？which指在一定范围内特指的人或物中的“哪一个”Which movie do you like？你喜欢哪部电影？十年真题十年真题全练全练 青岛中考在单项选择中主要以不定代词、人称代词的用法以及物主代词为重点考查的内容，并且也考查反身代词。在综合填空中重点考查物主代词，在阅读理解中综合考查其他代词的用法。复习时要熟练掌握各种代词的基本用法，重点掌握不定代词和人称代词的用法，记牢反身代词与动词的固定搭配，使用时一定要注意上下文之间的联系，进行分析、判断，注意代词在句子中的应用形式以及所作的句子成分和所代替部分的词类和单、复数形式等，最后选择正确答案。 研究十年中考题告诉我们，试题考查重点放在人称代词、物主代词和不定代词上面，17年考查的是不定代词和物主代词，代词是内容较多的模块，考题占分比例大，所以18年的中考同学们还须侧重于代词的复习。考点考点 1 人称代词人称代词1.2012青岛，20题I dont have white shoes for tomorrows speech contest.My brother has C pair. Would you like to try _ on?A.a；it B.one；it C.one；them D.two；them考点考点 2 物主代词物主代词2.2017青岛，综合填空B1题Her ways of solving problems are different from mine (我的).3.2016青岛，综合填空B2题I left my book at home. May I borrow yours (你的)?考点考点 3 反身代词反身代词4.2009青岛，18题Dont worry about your broken pen.You can use B .A.my B.mine C.yours D.myself5.2015青岛，综合填空B1题My uncle has taught himself (自己)French since the year before last.考点考点 4 普通不定代词普通不定代词6.2017青岛，1题Can I come today or tomorrow? B is OK.Im busy today and tomorrow.A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None考点考点 5 复合不定代词复合不定代词7.2014青岛，24题Though Mary is a new teacher，she knows _C student in her class.A.either B.all C.every D.none8.2016青岛，5题Ladies and gentlemen，attention please！I have B important to tell you.A.nothing B.something C.everything D.anything9.2013青岛，19题I dont have a present for my friend.What if _C else brings a present?A.anybody B.nobody C.everyone D.none考点考点 6 指示代词指示代词10.2008青岛，18题I have got many collections of snow globes.You may take B if you like.A.either B.one C.it D.none猜押预测猜押预测1.Mum，this is my best friend Amy are in the same class.A.You B.Our C.We D.They2.Everyone makes mistakes in life.The key is not to repeat _ again.A.it B.this C.that D.them3.My father is a worker. is very kind.A.He B.She C.His D.It4.Is this Kates bicycle?No，_ is under the tree.She put it there this morning.A.his B.hers C.mine D.yours5.How do you get on with _ little brother? Ive just had a baby sister.Im worrying about it.A.my B.his C.her D.yourCDABD6.If we just think about _ ，the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.A.myself B.himself C.yourself D.ourselves7.Would you please come to play soccer with me?Sorry！My 5yearold brother cant look after _.A.him B.himself C.his D.He8.Dont be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again，will you?No，I wont.I know that _ of us are perfect after all.A.none B.neither C.each D.all9.In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，but in _，knives and forks.You see. People around the world have different eating habits.A.others B.other C.another D.allDBAA10.Sir， called you just now. I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.OK.Thanks，Nancy.A.someone B.nobody C.anyone D.everyone11.Is there _ in todays newspaper?No.I think everything in it is boring.A.interesting anythingB.somebody interestingC.interesting somethingD.anything interesting12.Do you think _ acceptable for a group of women to dance to loud music on the square near your house?A.it B.that C.this D.itsADA13.I think _ (两者都) of you are right.14.Boys and girls，I hope all of you enjoy _(你们自己) during the summer vacation.15.Tom is a good friend of _ (我的).bothyourselvesmine