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倒装句1. 倒装句的定义 英语最基本的词序（英语最基本的词序（Word Order）是主语在谓语动词的前面这叫）是主语在谓语动词的前面这叫做自然语序（做自然语序（Natural Word Order）。如果把谓语动词放在主语前）。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装（面，就叫做倒装（Inverted Word Order）。）。 2. 倒装的原因a) 句子语法结构的需要。一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句和句子语法结构的需要。一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句和感叹疑问句等。感叹疑问句等。例如：例如：Long live peace! 和平万岁！和平万岁！Is this the first time youve been there? Did you have a large room or small room? These two paintings are alike, arent they?b) 一些句型的固定用法。一些句型的固定用法。例如：例如：Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。他最后的话就是这样。 c）强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。）强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：例如：Before us lay a lot of difficulties. Often did we warn them not to do so. 3. 倒装句的构成及基本用法倒装句的构成及基本用法倒装分完全倒装（倒装分完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装）和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)A.完全倒装：将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。完全倒装：将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。下列情况需进行完全倒装：下列情况需进行完全倒装：1) 在以在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up ，down等副词开头的等副词开头的句子中句子中: Away went the crowd one by one. Here comes our teacher! Now comes the chance. There are just a few students in the classroom.Then came the man we had been looking for. 但如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语不须倒装。但如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语不须倒装。例如：例如：There he comes. Away they hurried. 2）在方式状语）在方式状语thus开头的句子中开头的句子中Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。这样结束了他的生命。 3) 把表语或表示方位的状语提置句首时把表语或表示方位的状语提置句首时South of the city lies a big factory.Present are Mr Li,my best friend ,Dr.Wang,my boss and his wife.使用完全倒装的句子只有两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时，使用完全倒装的句子只有两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时，也就是也就是谓语由一个单词（且表位移的动词见多）构成。谓语由一个单词（且表位移的动词见多）构成。4). 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。 “I wonder,” said John, “whether I can borrow your bike.”“The radio is too loud,” complained my father.“Its very good.” he said. B. 部分倒装部分倒装(Partial Inversion) 只把谓语的中的助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语只把谓语的中的助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。下列情况需进的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。下列情况需进行部分倒装：行部分倒装：1)句首的状语若是由句首的状语若是由often开头或副词开头或副词only+状语状语（副词，介词短语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等）或状语从句等）放在句首时放在句首时: Often did I tell him not to make trouble.Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.2) 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如含有否定意义的副词或连词（如little, scarcely, barely，rarely, seldom，never, no soonerthan， not only, hardlywhen, 等）放在句首时等）放在句首时Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.Never will I make that mistake again.No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.Not until 10 oclock will the library open.Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 3) 副词副词so, neither, nor, no more用在句子的开头，表示前面用在句子的开头，表示前面说的情况也适合于另一个人或事物以避免重复的句子说的情况也适合于另一个人或事物以避免重复的句子,作作“也也”讲时，讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，例如：引导的句子用倒装语序，例如：He went to the film last night. So did I. He hasnt been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.He did not turn up. No more did his brother.他没来。他没来。他哥哥也没来。他哥哥也没来。如不作如不作“也也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种的确如此的意思，讲而只起连词作用，表示一种的确如此的意思，句子就要用正常语序。句子就要用正常语序。 当前面有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时，或既有肯定又有否定时当前面有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时，或既有肯定又有否定时用：用：So it is with.; 或或It is the same withE,g: - I like chicken, but I dont like fish. - So it is with me.Tom is an American, but lives in China. It is the same with Jack.His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. “He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “ 4) 在程度状语在程度状语so+adj./adv.放句首时放句首时: So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 5). 在在if的虚拟条件句中，若从句中有系动词的虚拟条件句中，若从句中有系动词were, 助动词助动词had，和情态动词和情态动词should时，可以不用时，可以不用if，而将从句中的这些词和主语颠，而将从句中的这些词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。倒形成部分倒装。 Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods. Had I known what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.如该虚拟条件句中，谓语部分没有如该虚拟条件句中，谓语部分没有were, had和和should等助动词，等助动词，则该从句不能变成倒装句型。则该从句不能变成倒装句型。C.其它类型的倒装其它类型的倒装1）形容词）形容词/名词名词/动词动词+as/though引导的让步状语从句中引导的让步状语从句中(如表语是如表语是名词，名词前不加任何冠词）名词，名词前不加任何冠词）Old as he is, he is full of energy.Clever though he is, he is not proud.Try as he would, he might fail again.Child as he was, he had to make a living.2) 在在May.或或Long live.开头的表示祝愿的句子开头的表示祝愿的句子 May you succeed! Long live the king!3）在）在the more,the more这种结构中，从句在前，主句在后这种结构中，从句在前，主句在后,主句可以用倒装句结构。主句可以用倒装句结构。The more you practice, the better is your skill.The harder you work, the better result can you get.
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