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人教课标版人教课标版高二高二 选修选修 7Unit 4DISCOVERING USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSWords StudyWords Study1. to change slightly to make something work better2. a mental shelf for cooking meat, toasting bread, etc3. connected with what is being done or discussed4. an ideaadjustgrillrelevantconcept Find words in the unit for the following meanings.5. an honour6. something that has been organized7. written work in an office, such as writing reports or letters. 8. to breathe air into your nose noisilypaperworksniffprivilege arrangement Complete the paragraph with the word or phrases in the box.otherwise airmail be dying to adjust muddy hear from fortnight platform remoteSharon looked at herself in the mirror and sighed. She had posted the _ letter to Tim last week but had had no reply. She smoothed her hair down with a wet comb, wiped her _ shoes, and thought about the three boy she had ever met, _ she would not have months she had know him. airmailmuddy otherwiseHe was the nicest fallen in love with him. She still remembered that he _ quickly when he heard she came from a _ village. At first she had _ him every week but now she had not heard for a _. Why? She had decided to find out. adjustedremoteheard from fortnightShe walked down the _ to catch the train to New York feeling both excited and nervous. She _ see him again but what if he didnt want to see her?platform was dying to1. relevant (adj.) relevantly (adv.) “有关的有关的,有实际价值有实际价值(重要性重要性)的的”反义词反义词: irrelevant be relevant to “与与有关有关” = be connected with have sth to do with 这种工作与性这种工作与性别无关别无关The work of this kind is not relevant to sex.这类课程与当今的社会问题的关系这类课程与当今的社会问题的关系 而论已毫无实际价值。而论已毫无实际价值。The type of the course is no longer relevant to todays social problem. 2. adapt adjust adapt (oneself) to “适应，适合适应，适合” You should adapt yourself to the new environment. 你应该适应新环境。你应该适应新环境。adjust “适应适应” “调整调整”、“调节调节”使使之适应之适应adjust (oneself) to =adapt (oneself) to “适适应应”He adjusted his tie before entering the hall.You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.ADAPT (ONESELF) TO 的的TO是介是介词词, 后跟名词或动词后跟名词或动词-ING形式。类似形式。类似的词组有的词组有:be (get) used to 习惯于习惯于 be related to 与与相关相关 lead to 带领带领,导致导致,通向通向 devote oneself to 献身于献身于contribute to 为为作贡献作贡献 access to 接近接近/进入进入(某地的某地的)方法方法注意注意look forward to 盼望盼望pay attention to 注意注意 give rise to 引起引起be accustomed to 习惯于习惯于be addicted to 沉溺于沉溺于stick to 坚持坚持belong to 属于属于refer to 提到提到, 涉及到涉及到,查阅查阅3. privilege “ 殊荣殊荣” It was a privilege to know you. 能认识你能认识你真是荣幸之至。真是荣幸之至。 privilege 还表示还表示“特权特权”、“权利权利” have the privilege to do sth = have the right to do sth “有特权有特权(权利权利) 干某事干某事” Only members have the privilege to use the ground. the privilege of citizenship/ equality 公民权公民权/平等权平等权4. otherwise (adv. conj.) “用别的方法用别的方法, 其他方面其他方面; 否则否则, 不然不然 (or)” He is slow, but otherwise he is a good worker. Seize the chance, otherwise (or) you will regret it. 祈使句祈使句, and (or, otherwise) + 简单句简单句 (简单句常用将来时简单句常用将来时)1) Hurry up, _ you will be late. A. and B. otherwise C. if D. unless2) Study hard, _ you will pass the exam. A. and B. or C. if D. unless 3) Study hard, _you will not pass the exam. A. and B. otherwise C. if D. unlessBABPhrases StudyPhrases StudyPhrases 1. hear from 收到来信收到来信2. be dying to 渴望渴望 ;极极 想想3. come across (偶然偶然) 碰见、发现碰见、发现4. dry out完全变干完全变干; 干透干透; (使使)变干变干5. dry up 干枯干枯; (供应供应,思路思路)枯竭枯竭6. in need 在困难中在困难中; 在危机中在危机中7. stick out 伸出伸出 8. up to 多达多达9. make a difference 有影响有影响; 有作用有作用10. care for 关心关心; 照顾照顾; 喜欢喜欢; 想要想要与与hear 相关的短语相关的短语:hear about 听到关于听到关于.的消息的消息hear from 收到收到的来信的来信hear of 听说听说, 听到听到hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做了某事听见某人做了某事hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事听见某人正在做某事1. hear from sb. = receive ones letter 在某些感官动词如在某些感官动词如: see, hear, feel, watch, observe, notice, listen to等后等后,既可接现在分词作宾语既可接现在分词作宾语,也可接也可接不带不带to的不定式作宾补。的不定式作宾补。 (1) Did you hear someone _ (laugh) outside?(2) I heard someone _ (read) loudly in the morning.(3) He was heard _ (sing) in the next room.laughingreadto singThe missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to playA “渴望渴望”的类似说法的类似说法1. have a strong desire for sth.2. be eager to do3. be thirsty for sth.4. desire to do sth. 5. long to do sth. / for sth.2. be dying for/ to do sth. 渴望渴望, 极想极想, 渴望做某事渴望做某事 Im dying for a piece of cake. I am dying to know where you are from.(1) 我极想出国我极想出国 _(2) 他很渴望喝点酒他很渴望喝点酒 _I am dying to go abroad.He was dying for a little wine.3. come across 偶然遇见偶然遇见/发现发现 The boys had never come across anything like this and started jumping out of the windows.她在找东西时偶然发现了一些旧信件。她在找东西时偶然发现了一些旧信件。She _ in the course of her search.came across some old letters与与come相关的短语：相关的短语：come along 快点快点, 来吧来吧come back 回来回来, 折回折回come from 来自来自, 从从来来come off 从从离开离开, 脱落脱落come out 出来出来, 出版出版come up 走过来走过来, 走近走近come over 过来过来come to 来到来到, 结果是结果是Dont forget!(1) I _ some interesting books in the room. A came about B came across C came out D came off (2) This situation should never have _. A came over B came up C came back D came about(3) How is your work _? A coming along B coming back C coming to D coming upBDA4. dry out (使使)变干变干; 干透干透(1) 他告诉我加热罐子是为了使剩余的食他告诉我加热罐子是为了使剩余的食物变干。物变干。 He told me that the can was heated to _(2) Water the plant regularly, never letting _. (让土壤干枯让土壤干枯)dry out the leftover food.the soil dry out5. dry up (河流，湖泊等河流，湖泊等)干枯干枯; 弄干、晒弄干、晒干、变干干、变干; (供应、思路供应、思路) 枯竭枯竭(1) During the drought, the river dried up.(2) The writers long separation from social dried up his imagination.(3) 太阳很快就会把马路晒干的太阳很快就会把马路晒干的 _The sun will soon dry up the roads.6. in need 在困难中在困难中,在危急中在危急中 be in need of sth 需要需要 have the need for sth 对对的需要的需要 according to the need 根据需要根据需要句意理解句意理解:A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真朋友。患难朋友才是真朋友。(1) 我们应该帮助有困难的人。我们应该帮助有困难的人。We should help those in need.(2) 他现在很需要一大笔钱。他现在很需要一大笔钱。He now is in great need of much money.7. stick out 伸出伸出, 突出突出 stick out for sth 坚持要求某事物坚持要求某事物 stick to sth 不放弃不放弃(1) She _ (伸出脚伸出脚) and tripped him over.(2) 当车开动时不要把头伸出车窗外。当车开动时不要把头伸出车窗外。 Dont stick your head out of the window while it is running.stuck out her foot (3) Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it. A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer toB8. make a difference 有影响有影响, 有作用有作用, 有有差别差别 make no/ a little/ much/ some difference无无/ 有一点有一点/ 有很大有很大/ 有一些差别有一些差别 tell the difference between 说出说出的差的差别别 be different from 与与不同不同 make a difference between 区分区分(1) 我们应该区分开对错。我们应该区分开对错。 We should make a difference between right and wrong.(2) 对我来说对我来说, 他去不去都没关系。他去不去都没关系。 It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.(3) Does it _ any difference whether we leave at 9:00 or at 10:00? A. tell B. be C. give D. makeD9. care for 关心关心, 照顾照顾; 喜欢喜欢, 想要想要 care about 在乎，关心在乎，关心 take care of 照顾，保管照顾，保管 with care仔细地，认真地仔细地，认真地 be careful of 当心，小心当心，小心 be careful about 讲究讲究 be careful for 当心，惦记当心，惦记(1) 她一点也不在乎我她一点也不在乎我 She doesnt care about me at all.(2) 你想要一杯茶吗？你想要一杯茶吗？ Would you care for a cup of tea?1Read the letter about visiting Tombes home again and underline the sentences which contain restrictive attributive clauses.1 so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2 The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3 and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys4 first up a mountain to ridge from where we had fantastic views5 The only possessions I could see were one broom1. I made the jar which _ _.2. Painting is an activity that _ _.her birthdayI gave her forenjoyI really2 Complete each sentence with your own words.3. The interpreter to whom you _ is on holiday.4. The man who _ _ is a doctor.5. The woman whose daughter _ is over there.need to talkjust marriedmy best friend hasI went to school with6. The school where you _ has been improved.7. Anne is doing some research on the time when her _.studied last yeargrandmother was a child8. The reason why he _ was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV. was late for school 定语从句定语从句 I 一、定义：一、定义： 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 The man who lives next to us is a lawyer. The man is a layer. The man lives next to us. 被修饰的名词或代词叫被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。引。引导定语从句的关系代词有导定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that等和关系副词等和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1. 由由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句这类定语从句中这类定语从句中who用作主语用作主语, whom作宾语作宾语, whose作定语指人。作定语指人。 This is the man who helped me. 这位是帮过我的那个人。这位是帮过我的那个人。The Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位大夫在屋里。你找的那位大夫在屋里。Do you know the man whose name is Liu Xiang? 你认识那个叫刘翔的人吗？你认识那个叫刘翔的人吗？2. which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 这类从句只能指物，这类从句只能指物，which在从句中在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。 This is the book which you want. 这就是你要的那本书。这就是你要的那本书。 The building which stands near the river is our school. 河边的那栋楼是河边的那栋楼是我们学校。我们学校。The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 有机器的房间是车间。有机器的房间是车间。1) whom，whose，which作介词宾语作介词宾语时时, 介词一般可放在它们之前介词一般可放在它们之前, 也也可放在从句原来的位置上可放在从句原来的位置上, 在含有在含有介词的动词固定词组中介词的动词固定词组中, 介词只能介词只能放在原来的位置上。放在原来的位置上。注意！注意！This is the person whom you are looking for. 这位就是你在找的那个人。这位就是你在找的那个人。2) 引导非限定性定语从句时，关系代引导非限定性定语从句时，关系代词往往用词往往用which，不用，不用that。 I have lost my book, which I like very much. 注意！注意！3. 由由that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 that在定语从句中可以指人或物在定语从句中可以指人或物, 在从在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。能放在介词后面作介词宾语。 The letter that I received was from my father. 我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。 在下面几种情况下必须用在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：引导定语从句： 1) 先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词: all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。等。 All that we have to do is to practice every Day. 我们要做的就是每天练习。我们要做的就是每天练习。注意！注意！2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。修饰。 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。Bear them in your mind!3) 先行词被先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。等修饰。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的书我全读完了。你给我的书我全读完了。4) 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the last修修饰时。饰时。He is the only person that I want to talk to. 他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。5) 先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人和事。和事。4. 由由when, where, why引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。 I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他为什么来晚了。我知道他为什么来晚了。 This is the place where we lived for 5 years. 这就是我住过五年的地方。这就是我住过五年的地方。 I will never forget the Day when I met Mr. Li. 我永远也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。我永远也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。先行词是表示地点时先行词是表示地点时, 有时用有时用where，有，有时用时用that (which)引导定语从句。这时引导定语从句。这时要看从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不要看从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。如果是及物动词就用及物动词。如果是及物动词就用that (which), 否则用否则用where。 This is the house where he lived last year.这就是我去年住的房子。这就是我去年住的房子。This is the house that (which) he visited last year. 这就是我去年去过的房子。这就是我去年去过的房子。5. 由由as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。定语从句。 1. such as “像像一样的一样的”， “像像之类之类” the sameas “和和同样的同样的注意！注意！ 在这两个句型中在这两个句型中, as是关系代词是关系代词, 其其中中such, same做定语做定语, 修饰主句的名词、修饰主句的名词、代词代词, 这个名词是这个定语从句的先行这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词词, as在从句中担任主、宾、表。在从句中担任主、宾、表。 This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now.2. such as such为代词，意思为为代词，意思为 “这样的人这样的人/物物”，as修饰先行词修饰先行词such。 This book is not such as I hope.3. the sameas/the same that “用一个用一个” as that都引导定语从句。意思几乎相都引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语是必须用同。但从句中省去谓语是必须用as. She is the same age as you that you are.4. , as “有些有些” 在这里在这里, as引导非限定性定语从句引导非限定性定语从句, 相相当于当于which引导的非限定性定语从句引导的非限定性定语从句, 有有时可互换。时可互换。 He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.三、注意事项：三、注意事项：关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分。成分。a. This is the place where he works. This is the place which (that) we visited last year.b. That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the days that (which) we spent together?c. This is the reason why he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable. 1. Ive read all the books _ you gave me. A. which B. them C. what D. that 2. There isnt much _ I can do. A. what B. which C. that D. how CDI. Choose the right answer. 3. He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there. A. he B. that C. which D. what 4. Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom AB 5. Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China. A. that B. where C. which D. what A6. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that D7. Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, _ a conference was to be held. A. which B. that C. when D. where D8. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 9. I began to work in Beijing in the year _ New China was founded. A. when B. that C. which D. where AA 10. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 11. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what AB12. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. who B. that C. which D. whom B 13. This was the supermarket _ I bought this kind of tin. A. where B. that C. who D. which 14. The house _ the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A. that B. where C. what D. when AA 15. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 16. The house _ we live is not big. A. in that B. which C. in which D. that AC 17. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. that C. which D. whom C 18. All _ glitters is not gold. A. that B. which C. 不填不填 D. what 19. I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way _ he does. A. which B. what C. 不填不填 D. now CA 20. Beijing, _ is the capital of China, is a beautiful city. A. that B. it C. which D. 不填不填 21. She was no longer the woman she was. A. that B. which C. what D. who AC 22. Thats the hotel _ last year. A. which we stayed B. at that we stayed C. Where we stayed at D. where we stayed D23. The doctor did all _ to save the wounded boy. A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do B24. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against C25. The place _ you are standing used to be an old church. A. which B. where C. that D. when 26. Youve made the same mistake _ you made last time. A. as B. like C. which D. that AB27. It is not such an interesting magazine _ I thought. A. as B. that C. which D. 不填不填 28. _ you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D. 不填不填 AA29. Mr Zhou, _ native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages. A. whose B. his C. which D. that A30. Do you know the actor _ you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear? A. whoB. whom C. whose D. which B31. I took my friend to the Summer Palace, _ we had some photos taken. A. where B. which C. that D. 不填不填 A32. Do you remember the day _ your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts?A. which B. on which C. about which D. 不填不填 B33. The bus, _was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd. A. which of most B. most of whichC. which of the most D. most of that B34. We all remember the days _ we studied together at school. A. which B. that C. when D. 不填不填 35. Do you know the reason he didnt come?A. that B. which C. for D. why CD36. I showed the doctor the place _ I felt the pain. A. that B. which C. whereD. when 37. He is the only one of the three got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had CC38. Im one of the students _ well in English in my class. A. who doesB. who do C. which does D. who did B39. This is the baby _ tomorrow. A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look afterC. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after B40. This is the fastest train _ is going to Nanjing. A. that B. what C. where D. 不填不填 AII. 每空填一词每空填一词, 使该句与所给句子的意使该句与所给句子的意思相同或相近。思相同或相近。1. Do not get close to the house. It is under repair. Do not get close to the house_ is under repair.2. The man looks like the actor. Ive heard his songs on TV. The man looks like the actor _ songs Ive heard on TV.whosethat/which3. The recorder has been stolen. Wang Ping spent all the money on it. The recorder _ _ Wang Ping spent all the money has been stolen.4. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town. There he was born. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he was born.where on whichHOMEWORK 1. Preview the Reading and speaking on Page 34.2. Remember the new words and expressions in this unit and make sentences with them.
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