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Unit 4一单词拼写一单词拼写 请根据给出的读音、词性和词义写出下列请根据给出的读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。单词。1. _ bE:st v. 爆裂，爆发爆裂，爆发2. _ ruin n. &v.废墟，毁灭废墟，毁灭3. _ iks5tri:m adj. 极端的，极度的极端的，极度的4._ 5indVE v. 损害，伤害损害，伤害5._ dis5trCi vt. 破坏，毁坏破坏，毁坏6. _5ju:slis adj. 无用的，无效的无用的，无效的7. _FCk n. & vt. 震惊，震动震惊，震动8. _5reskju: n. & v. 援救援救9. _5fraitn vt. 使惊吓使惊吓10. _dVQdV v. & n. 判断，法官判断，法官burstruinextremeinjuredestroy useless shockrescuefrightenjudge 11. _ iks5pres vt. 表达表达12. _ 5sQfEriN n. 苦难，苦难， 痛苦痛苦13. _ sin5siEli adv. 真诚地，真挚地真诚地，真挚地14. _ 5beri vt. 埋葬，掩埋埋葬，掩埋15._trAp n. & vt. 陷阱，使陷阱，使 陷入困境陷入困境16. _ sE5vaivE n. 幸存者幸存者17. _ Ilek5trIsItI n. 电电18. _ di5zB:stE n.灾难，灾祸灾难，灾祸19. _ kEn7rAtju5leiFEn n. 祝贺祝贺20._ kE5nAl n.运河，水道运河，水道canal expresssufferingsincerely bury trap survivorelectricitydisaster congratulation 二单词运用二单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。填入一个恰当的单词。1. A lot of pipes _and tens of thousands of house were _ in the earthquake.2. The _ weather _ _the natives a lot of whom were _3. Cars were _ as almost all roads and bridges were _. People were _as no one came to their_ after disaster happened.4. The plaintiffs _their gratitude to the _ who extended justice for them.judges burstruinedextremeshockedinjureduselessdestroyedfrightenedrescue expressed5. He was one of the _ in the earthquake. (survive)6. Suez _ is controlled by Egypt.7. Without _, our world would become dark and totally different. (electrical)8. We all show sympathy with him who has experienced so many _ (suffer)9. I would like to express my _ on you for your great success in the competition. 10. I am _ sorry for the trouble I have caused to you. (sincere) sincerely survivorscanalelectricitysufferingsCongratulations三词语派生三词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. The food smells so _. We should throw it away. (smell)2. The entire nation consider it a _ pride to host the Olympic Games (nation)3. Alexs mother _ her dissatisfaction with his room in which all windows and floor were covered with _. (expression/dirty)4. Fortunately, all miners trapped in the mines survived though some _ suffered minor _. ( survive/injure)5. This is _ news to all of us as we never expected he would lose the game. (shock)6. The conditions there are _ difficult. Please take more equipment, which may be very_ for you. (extreme/ use)usefulsmelly national expresseddirt survivorsinjuries shockingextremely四词组互译四词组互译 将下列词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。将下列词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。1._ 1._ 立刻，马上立刻，马上2._ 2._ 突然突然3._ 3._ 仿佛，好像仿佛，好像4._ 4._ 结束，终结结束，终结5._ 5._ 成为废墟，破败不堪成为废墟，破败不堪6._ 6._ 挖掘，发现挖掘，发现7._ 7._ 大量的大量的8._ 8._ 对对 不重视不重视9._ 9._ 成千上万的成千上万的10._ 10._ 三分之二三分之二 right away burst into/outas ifat an endin ruinsdig outa (great) numberthink little oftens of thousands oftwo-thirds of 11. be too nervous to eat _12. rescue from _13. to the north of the city _14. jump out of _15. describe to sb _16. everywhere they look _17. useless pieces of steel _18. fall down _19. rescue workers _20. congratulations on sb _向某人祝贺向某人祝贺 太紧张而不吃东西太紧张而不吃东西从从 中拯救出来中拯救出来城市以北城市以北从从 跳出来跳出来向某人描述向某人描述目光所及之处目光所及之处废铁废铁倒塌，倒塌， 倒下倒下救援人员救援人员五词组运用五词组运用 词组填空词组填空 根据句子所提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一根据句子所提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当形式填空。个适当的词组并用其适当形式填空。1. _ spectators _ laughter as the performance was so amusing.2. You should leave for the meeting _as it is going to be _soon.3. The old house lay_. So the owner had to _ his valuables in the dust with shovels.4. _ of people interviewed _ what had happened, which led to _ casualties.5. It seems _ it is going to rain again. Lets move inside. A great number ofburst intoright awayat an endin ruinsdig outTwo-thirdsthought little oftens of thousands ofas if翻译句子翻译句子 根据汉语意识，从第四大题中选出一个恰当的根据汉语意识，从第四大题中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。词组完成句子。6 救援人员从倒塌的房子中找到了一个幸存者。救援人员从倒塌的房子中找到了一个幸存者。The rescue workers found a survivor _7 目光所及之处，所有都成为了废墟。目光所及之处，所有都成为了废墟。Everywhere we looked,_8 他向我们描述了他是如何从废墟中被救出来的。他向我们描述了他是如何从废墟中被救出来的。He described to us how _9 在这个城市以北是一座大型的炼油厂。在这个城市以北是一座大型的炼油厂。_.There is a large oil plant to the north of this city.in the house that had fallen down.all lay in ruins.he was rescued from the ruins.六、介词填空六、介词填空 请用恰当的介词填空。请用恰当的介词填空。1. No one helped me. I did it all myself. 2. If you keep _, youll succeed time.3. Judging _ his accent, he must come _ Sichuan.4. Only _ this way can you succeed.5. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.With byon in from/byfrom in 6. I owe thanks _ you _ your unselfish help.7. She has been married _ a young worker.8. -What time is it now? - It is seven_ my watch.9. The tables in that restaurant are so close together that theres little space _ them.10. I feel that one of my main duties _ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. to for to bybetweenasPHRASES IN THE TEXT rise and fall smelly gas come out of jump out of crack and burst fall down think little of one-third/two thirds cut across in ruins at an endbe injured thousands ofbe left without parents blow awayuseless pieces of steel give milk tens of thousands of instead of hundreds of thousands of rescue workerscoal mines dig out fresh waterLanguage points分数表达法分数表达法:分子用基数（分子用基数（ONE, TWO)，分母用序数词，分母用序数词 ( FIRST, SECOND)，当分子超过，当分子超过1时，分母的时，分母的词尾加词尾加S.1/3: one third 2/3: two thirds1/4: one fourth (a/one quarter)1/5: one fifth 3/5: three fifths2 4/5: two and four fifths1/2: a half 或或 one half (例外例外)百分数表达法：百分数表达法： 百分数百分数 + 单单N + 单谓；百分数单谓；百分数+复复N +复谓复谓75%： seventy-five percent 90%: ninety percentMore than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.40% of the students in our school are girls.数词数词 + 量词量词 + 形容词形容词two hundred kilometers away 两百公里远两百公里远 eight kilometers long 八公里长八公里长 thirty meters wide 三十米宽三十米宽四米深四米深four meters deep五米高五米高five meters high六米厚六米厚six meters thick The train is seven minutes late.My watch is eight minutes fast. (adj 快的快的)1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. imagine: form a mental picture imagine + n. /pron imagine sb. to be shake : cause to move to and froright away : at once ; in no time ; immediatelyright now : at this very momentMake up your mind_.Ill return the book_.right nowright awayHe _from his chair when the doorbell rang.Her job is _chickens.Her temperature is still_.He _ in rank recently.2. rise vi. & raise vt.roseraisingrisinghas risensmelly : smell+ y = adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled)They were all hungry and the food _good.I can _something burning in the kitchen.Please throw the _fish away.smeltsmellsmelly3. A _ gas came _ _ the cracks.smellyout of4. the water pipes in some buildings cracked and _.burstburst : to come open or fly apart suddenlyThe balloon suddenly burst.burst into + n. Some robbers burst into that house.burst outburst out + doing They burst out laughing.He burst into laughter.= He burst out laughingHe burst into tears.= He burst out crying.burst into+ n.burst out + doingas ifat an endat the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所用于表示具体事物或场所的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意; by the end of 用于表示时间的场合到用于表示时间的场合到结束的时候，用语过去完成时态结束的时候，用语过去完成时态; in the end 意思意思“最后、终于最后、终于”。 Compare: at the end of by the end of in the end1) . His father will return home _this year.2) . He will be a scientist _.3) . How many English words had you learned _ last term?at the end ofin the endby the end ofas if 好像；似乎；仿佛。好像；似乎；仿佛。She was sitting there as if nothing had happened.lie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain statein ruins : severely damaged or destroyedCompare: ruin ; destroy ; damagedamage指部分指部分“损坏损坏”、“损害损害”、“破坏破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词作动词,也可以用作名词也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与用作名词时常与to something 连用。连用。The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作动词只能用作动词,指彻底破坏指彻底破坏,以致以致不可能修复不可能修复,常作常作“破坏破坏”、“毁灭毁灭”解解,也也可以指希望、计划等打破。可以指希望、计划等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. ruin则表示破坏严重则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复以致不能修复,但这但这种破坏不像种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物那样毁灭某物,而是强调而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时时,它作它作 “使毁灭使毁灭”、 “使崩溃使崩溃”、 “弄糟弄糟”解解;用作名词时用作名词时,它表示它表示 “毁灭毁灭”、 “瓦解瓦解”、 “废废墟墟”等抽象概念。等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。也有借喻的用法。The fire ruined the castle. The house has fallen into ruin. The company is facing ruin. The village _in ruins after the war.These machines have _idle since the factory closed.An earthquake left the whole town_.His career is_.laylainin ruinsin ruinsEverywhere they looked nearly everything was_. destroyedHe _ his girl friends prospectsruinedSoft wood _easily.damages中文中文原形原形过过去去式式过去分过去分词词现在分现在分词词说明说明放置放置产卵产卵laylaidlaidlaying及物动词及物动词躺躺;位于位于lielaylainlying不及物动词不及物动词说谎说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词不及物动词lie 与与lay的区别的区别口诀口诀:规则的规则的“撒谎撒谎”，不规则的，不规则的“躺躺”，躺过就，躺过就“下蛋下蛋”。 (lie当当“说谎说谎”用，它的过去式和过去用，它的过去式和过去分词都为分词都为lied，而当，而当“躺躺”用时，它的过去式为用时，它的过去式为“下蛋下蛋”即即lay) injure: to hurt oneself/ sb. / sth. physicallyinjuredMore than 61% of the surface of the earth _covered by water.Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young.isareTheir criticisms _him deeply.Smoking will _his health.He was slightly _in the car accident.He got _in the fighting.What you said _my feeling.have hurtinjuredinjuredwoundedhurtCompare: injure ; hurt ; wound 8. People were shocked. shock: v 震惊、打击震惊、打击be shocked at 对对感到吃惊感到吃惊We were shocked at the bad news.be shocked to do sth 因做某事而吃惊因做某事而吃惊 I was shocked to learn that he had failed in the exam.be shocked that I was shocked that he had failed in the exam. 9. SOME OF THE RESCUE WORKERS AND DOCTORS WERE TRAPPED UNDER THE RUINS:n 救援、救助救援、救助a rescue team 营救队营救队 come/go to sbs rescue 营救某人营救某人v 援救、营救援救、营救 rescuefromThe firemen rescued a boy from the fire.wonder : v. A. to have a feeling of surprise.B. to be filled with curiosity or doubt. n. one that arouses astonishment, surprise ; admirationIt is no wonder (that)= No wonder (that)wonder10. People began to _how long the disaster would last.DISASTERn 灾难、灾祸灾难、灾祸 Too much water can cause disaster.引起灾难、惹祸引起灾难、惹祸 Disasters always come in three.祸不单行祸不单行-Tom often works deep into the night every day.-No wonder he always gets first in the examinations.10. All hope was not lost.allnot = not all;some but not all Not all the children are left. (= Only some of them left early.)Not all the children are noisy.(= Some of the children are not noisy.) none of . None of us were allowed to go there.None of these reports is very helpful.11. bury the dead.bury : A. to place in the ground B. to occupy (oneself) with deep concentration; absorbThe dog buried the bone in the ground.I buried myself in my studies.bury oneself in= be buried in devote oneself to= be devoted to选用单词的适当形式填空选用单词的适当形式填空1. The flood d_ a lot of houses and many people became homeless.2. After e_ was cut off, the lights went out.3. D_ always come suddenly and cause a lot of damage.4. The f_ girl was speechless after she saw the terrible scene.5. A car accident happened with two people killed and one seriously i_. injured estroyedlectricityisastersrightened6. St. Petersburg was almost in r_ after it was under attack for 900 days by the Germans.7. The rescue workers put up a lot of tents so that the homeless survivors could be s_.8. The river b_ its banks and flooded the village.9. They were badly s_ by the news of her death shakenuinshelteredursthocked选择题选择题3. The death of his wife was a terrible _ to him.A. knock B. shock C. surprising D. experience 2. He _ his voice so that everyone could hear him.A. lifted B. rose C. held D. raised 1. The work must be done_. A. right away B. right now C. at once D. all the above 6. _of people came to the meeting from all over the country. A. Many B. A number C. The number D. A plenty of 5. They tried to prevent their cows from _ .A.injury B. injuring C. being injured D. hurting 4. _ for the worst, and you wont feel too sad if you fail.A.Preparing B. Prepare C. To prepare D. Prepared 8. There was a strange man at the gate _ something to the little girl.A. said B. says C. to say D. saying7.I will go shopping with her _my mother. A.instead of B. instead C. in fact D. instead with 9._ seen the film, so everybody wants to see it.A.All the students haventB. Any students havent C. As nobody has D. None of us has10. Do you want to go biking with me? -Yes .Id love to-. _my bike is brokenA. But B. And C. Sorry D. However11. _ were sent to hospital and the _ were buried. A. The injury, the death B. The injuring, the dying C. The injured, the dead D. The injured, the died12. About _ of the workers in that steel works _ young people. A. third fifths, are B. three fifths, are C. three fifths, is D. three fifth, are The Attributive Clause Titanic is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.Rose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.Rosethe lady/meet Jack on TitanicRose is Rose is metmet Jack on Titanic Jack on TitanicJackthe young man /want to save Rosethe man /want to kill JackCalJack is Jack is wanted wanted to save Rose to save RoseCal is Cal is wantedwanted to kill Jack. to kill Jack.the lady the lady whowhothe young man the young man whowhothe man the man whowhothe ship/sink into the oceanthe ship/is the most beautiful in the world at that time Titanic issank into the ocean.Titanic is was the most beautiful in the word at that time.the ship thatthe ship thatthe Heart of Oceanthe diamond/is worn by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is was worn by Rose.the diamond/is dropped into the ocean by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is was dropped into the ocean by Rose the diamond thatthe diamond that引导定语从句关系代词的用法：引导定语从句关系代词的用法： that which who whom whose 1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物 1)A plane is a machine that can fly.（ 主语）主语）2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.（宾语）（宾语）3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.（主语）（主语）4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsister.（宾语）（宾语） 2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. (主语主语 )3. who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中口语中who也可作宾语也可作宾语)1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）（主语）2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. （宾语）（宾语）2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主语）（主语） 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . （宾语）（宾语）3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. （宾语）（宾语） 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物在从句中作定语，指人或物1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of .The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.关系代词关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语所修饰的词一起作介词宾语NOTE that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。NOTEARE YOU CLEAR NOW?OK . LETS DO SOME EXERCISE!Function-I-practice (3m)1.The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A、where B、when C、which D、who答案答案 D真题解析：真题解析：本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，从句意可知本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，从句意可知先行词先行词the famous basketball star（著名的篮球明星）是人，（著名的篮球明星）是人，所以应用表示人的关联词所以应用表示人的关联词who。高考链接高考链接2.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A、until B、that C、when D、where答案答案 C 真题解析：真题解析：本题考察定语从句的连接词，主句中的先行词本题考察定语从句的连接词，主句中的先行词the hours被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，难得出答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即的关系副词，即when。高考链接高考链接3._ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A、It B、As C、That D、what答案答案 B真题解析：真题解析：本题考察本题考察as引导非限定性定语从句。引导非限定性定语从句。as引导从句引导从句的意思是的意思是“正如正如.”，引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句，引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，当子，当as在从句中充当主语时，常用下面的结构：在从句中充当主语时，常用下面的结构：as is know，as is said，as is reported等，所以本题的答案是等，所以本题的答案是B。高考链接高考链接
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