2018年上海市嘉定一中第二学期高三英语学业水平检测（二）（word版）

2018届上海市嘉定一中第二学期高三英语学业水平检测（二）（word版）. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Technology offers conveniences such as opening the garage door from your car or changing the television station without touching the TV. Now one American company is offering its employees a new convenience: a microchip implanted in their hands. Employees who have these chips can do all kinds of things just by waving their hands.Three Square Market is offering to implant microchips in all of their employees _21_ free. Each chip costs $300 and Three Square Market will pay for the chip. Employees can volunteer to have the chips implanted in their hands. About 50 out of 80 employees _22_（choose）to do so. The president of the company, his wife and their children are also getting chips implanted in their hands. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice. Implanting the chip only takes about a second and is said to hurt only very briefly. The chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger.A microchip was shown compared with a dime, Aug. 1, 2017, at Three Square Market in River Falls, Wis., _23_ the company held a“chip party”for employees who volunteered to have the microchip embedded in their hands.With a chip in the hand, a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips also will be used to identify employees. Employees who want convenience, _24_ do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring with a chip instead. They can perform the same tasks with a wave of their hands _25_ _ they had an implanted chip.Three Square Market is the first company in the United States _26_（offer）to implant chips in its employees. Epicenter, a company in Sweden, has been implanting chips in its employees for a while. Three Square Marketing says the chip cannot track the employee. The company says scanners can read the chips only _27_ they are within a few inches of them.Three Square Market says that the chips protect against identity theft by being encrypted, similar to credit cards. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration _28_（approve）the chips back in 2004, so they should be safe for humans, according to the company.In the future, people with the chips _29_ be able to do more with them, even outside the office. Todd Westby is Chief Executive Officer of Three Square Market. He says, Eventually, this technology will become standardized, _30_（allow）you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.”Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. breaks B. viewing C. texting D. permanent E. positionedF. connected G. physical H. symptoms I. complaining J. effectively K. simply The next time youre riding a subway or bus, pay attention to your fellow, passengers. Chances are that youll see plenty of them with their heads down, tapping the screens of their tablets or _31_ on their smart phones. While these folks may be making good use of their time by staying _32_, their bodies are paying a heavy price for such convenience. As hand-held devices such as smart phones and tablets are becoming more common, users are reporting some new _33_ problems. Florida chiropractor (脊椎按摩师) Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of his patients _34_ of neck and shoulder pain. He traced these _35_ to the overuse of hand-held devices, specifically the action of bending the neck, and created the term “Text Neck.” As if the painful symptoms werent bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to _36_ spinal (脊柱的) damage. He founded the Text Neck Institute in an effort to treat and educate those suffering from Text Neck. Treatments offered there include chiropractic care, physical therapy, massage therapy and exercise planning. In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck, use the following basic principles: l Avoid awkward positioning. Dont strain (滥用) your neck, and stay aware of how your body is _37_ in relation to the device. l Take frequent _38_ when using any kind of mobile device. l When using a tablet, use a case that can back up the device at comfortable _39_ angle. For those who_40_ cant take their eyes off their devices, there is an ironic twist downloading a specialapp could help. Dr. Fishman has released an app called the Text Neck Indicator App, which measures the angle of your smart phone. When the angle is appropriate, a green light appears in the upper corner of your screen. But when the angle puts you at risk for neck strain, the light turns red, obliging you to adjust your angle. Reading ComprehensionSection A In any planning system, from the simplest budgeting to the most complex corporate planning, thereisanannualprocess.Thisispartly due to the fact that firms _41_ their accounting on a yearly basis, but also because similar _42_ often occur in the market.Usually, the larger the firm, the longer the planning takes. But _43_, planning for next year may start nine months or more in advance, with various stages of evaluation leading to _44_ of the complete plan three months before the start of the year.Planning continues, however, throughout the year, since managers _45_ progress against targets, while looking forward to the next year. What is happening now will _46_ the objectives and plans for the future.In todays business climate, as markets constantly change and become more difficult to _47_, some analysts believe that long-term planning is _48_. In some markets they may be right, as long as companies can build the sort of flexibility into their operations which allows them to _49_ to any sudden changes.Most firms, however, need to plan more than one year ahead in order to _50_ their long-term goals. This may reflect the time it takes to commission and build a new production plant, or, in marketing _51_, it may be a question of how long it takes to research and launch a range of new products, and reach a certain _52_ in the market. If, for example, it is going to take five years for a particular airline to become the _53_ choice amongst business travelers on certain routes, the airline must plan for the various _54_ involved.Every one-year plan, therefore, must be _55_ in relation to longer-term plans, and it should contain die stages that are necessary to achieve the final goals.41. A. make upB. carry outC. bring about D. put down42. A. patterns B. guidesC. designs D. distributions43. A. surprisingly B. centrallyC. equally D. typically44. A. approval B. permissionC. admiration D. objection45. A. value B. confirmC. review D. survey46. A. restore B. promoteC. influence D. maintain47. A. guess B. advocateC. recognize D. predict48. A. pointless B. meaningfulC. realistic D. inevitable49. A. lead B. respondC. refer D. contribute50. A. share B. handleC. develop D. benefit51. A. expressions B. descriptionsC. words D. terms52. A. reputation B. positionC. situation D. direction53. A. reserved B. selected C. preferred D. supposed54. A. acts B. stepsC. means D. points55. A. handed over B. left behindC. made out D. drawn upSection B（A）The Shepherds Life by James RebanksReviewed by Helena No lyrical, romantic account, but a hard-bitten, dull and down-to-earth story of a family, a community and an environment. A story of cycles-of seasons, years, people, generations, stretches back centuries.A story of farming which only exists now in the remoter, wilder region of the UK, where the land is too hard and the environment too harsh for farming to be an“agribusiness”. Where success, survival of farms, their sheep are dependent on knowledge passed down through generations and shared between farmers and shepherds in a small, close-knit and mutually-dependent community. A story of people hefted to their land every bit as much as their sheep are hefted to their fells.A Month in the Country by J.L. CarrReviewed by L.R. FisherIt is unbelievably simple and delightfully slow-paced, full of Lawrence-like description of a vanished（消失的）country landscape. The focal points are a casual and peculiar friendship between two war-scarred, shell-shocked men Tom Birkin and Moon. In a book barely 100 pages long, the author not only manages to give us a story that flows like a stream, but also achieves impressive characterization, bitter feelings of war and a corresponding celebration of peace, a little suspense, and even a twist in the tail.A Walk in the Woods by Bill BrysonReviewed by T. BentlyHaving read all of Bill Brysons travel books, this was the last one left. I hadnt read this because I had been told it was one of his weakest one. But I decided, through no other reason that I needed a hit of Bryson, to read it. People couldnt have been more wrong. From the very beginning of assessing the feasibility, arranging for Katz to accompany him to the purchasing of his equipment and the purchasing of“a large knife for killing bears and hillbillies”，Bryson is at his absolute best. His cute eye-is a wise witness to this beautiful but fragile trail. His encounters along the trail and Katz anti-social, childish antics（滑稽动作）make the first 150 pages more than a laugh-out-loud-hike. I couldnt have been more surprised. An adventure, a comedy, and a celebration, A Walk in the Woods is destined to become a modern classic.56. In The Shepherds Life, James Rebanks takes readers through a shepherds life _.A. featuring a hard struggle in the remote and beautiful areaB. alternated by the seasons and changed by the generationsC. little noticed, and deeply attached to the harsh landD. spent in a profitable agricultural and friendly community57. From the review of A Month in the Country we can learn that Tom and Moon _.A. have lived in a slow-paced country throughout their lifeB. are war survivors with troubled memoriesC. were deafened by the explosion of a shell in the warD. will make the end of their story more fascinating to read58. By saying“People couldnt have been more wrong”，the reviewer wants to say that _.A. Brysons travel book is the best seller in travelling literatureB. Brysons travelling experience is laughableC. Its a pity that people turn a blind eye to Brysons travelling experienceD. A Walk in the Wood combines artistic quality well with natural beauty（B） Malaria, the worlds most widespread parasitic（寄生虫引起的）disease, kills as many as three million people every yearalmost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people dont (or cant) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long. Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesnt kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earthand one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the diseases spread is due to global warming. For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next. 59. According to paragraph 1, many people dont seek care because _.A. they are too poorB. it is unusual to seek careC. they can remain unaffected for longD. there are too many people suffering from the disease60. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?A. Its resistance to global warming.B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.61. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. no drugs have been found to treat the diseaseB. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most peopleC. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasitesD. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease62. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?（C）Hollywoods theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.63. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may _.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy humans real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician64. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to _.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches65. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to_.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots affecting the world66. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. We should try our best to be wise thinkers.B. Data can make our life easier and more comfortable.C. But sometimes we may find that data arent everything.D. Now and then the so-called specific data puzzle us very much.E. The exact data should come from assessment of an actual event.F. There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match. _67_ What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data. On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, arent we a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. _68_ For example，how can you tell that somebody isnt a good student just because he or she doesnt get high marks in the final examination? _69_ For example，the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data. There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. Sometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data. Remember, data have n