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模块模块 3 3完形填空第二节完形填空第二节 考纲解读模块模块 3 3 考纲解读考纲解读 “ “湖南高考说明湖南高考说明”就此节的措辞是：就此节的措辞是：“本节要求考生本节要求考生根据上下文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补根据上下文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补足后，要求意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本节侧重考足后，要求意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本节侧重考查考生的语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运查考生的语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。用的能力。”分析此措辞可以得知：分析此措辞可以得知： 1 1从考查的内容看，从考查的内容看， 除考查词汇外，除考查词汇外， 还考查功能还考查功能语法，即侧重于考查英语词汇在篇章中的交际功能。从而语法，即侧重于考查英语词汇在篇章中的交际功能。从而要求考生具有一定的语言知识实际运用能力。具体地说，要求考生具有一定的语言知识实际运用能力。具体地说，要求考生具备：要求考生具备：模块模块 3 3 考纲解读考纲解读 (1)(1)阅读与理解语篇的能力。阅读与理解语篇的能力。 (2) (2)分析句子结构的能力。学生应学会正确分析句分析句子结构的能力。学生应学会正确分析句子结构，能抓住句子主干的同时，还要能区分主从句的子结构，能抓住句子主干的同时，还要能区分主从句的层次。层次。 (3) (3)熟练运用语法的能力。熟练运用语法的能力。 2 2从题型的形式看，从题型的形式看， 只给出空缺，只给出空缺， 没有选项，没有选项， 要求学生根据语境和自身已有的语法与词汇知识来填空，要求学生根据语境和自身已有的语法与词汇知识来填空， 这对学生的语言知识的提取和运用提出了更高的要求。这对学生的语言知识的提取和运用提出了更高的要求。 命题分析模块模块 3 3 命题分析命题分析 命题特点命题特点 完形填空第二节为语篇填空题，要求阅读一篇完形填空第二节为语篇填空题，要求阅读一篇150240150240词词的小短文，根据上下文在不给出任何提示的前提下填入适当的的小短文，根据上下文在不给出任何提示的前提下填入适当的单词。短文体裁灵活多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用单词。短文体裁灵活多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。其考查内容非常广泛，主要考查点为：文等。其考查内容非常广泛，主要考查点为：(1)(1)考查学生对考查学生对语篇和逻辑关系的把握情况，主要是形容词、副词、连词、冠语篇和逻辑关系的把握情况，主要是形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词等功能词汇；词、代词、介词等功能词汇；(2)(2)考查学生对习语、短语词组考查学生对习语、短语词组或常见句式掌握的熟练程度。原文通常只给出习语、句式或短或常见句式掌握的熟练程度。原文通常只给出习语、句式或短语的一部分，检验学生在句子中能否识别出这个短语、句式或语的一部分，检验学生在句子中能否识别出这个短语、句式或习语；习语；(3)(3)考查学生对词义的推断能力和常识判断能力。这方考查学生对词义的推断能力和常识判断能力。这方面主要涉及实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。要求通过面主要涉及实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。要求通过分析上下文语境来判断语意和词汇形式。总的来说，此题考查分析上下文语境来判断语意和词汇形式。总的来说，此题考查偏重虚词偏重虚词( (以介词、冠词、连词为主以介词、冠词、连词为主) )，而轻实词。，而轻实词。应试点睛模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 在做完形填空第二节的时候，在做完形填空第二节的时候， 学生不但应该通篇考学生不但应该通篇考虑，虑， 掌握文章的内容和主题，掌握文章的内容和主题， 而且还应该合理地运用而且还应该合理地运用已学的语法知识得出正确的结论。总的来说，解答策略已学的语法知识得出正确的结论。总的来说，解答策略有有“四法四法”，即：，即： 一、章法一、章法 模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 指根据短文的不同文体来理解文章大概意思，为进一指根据短文的不同文体来理解文章大概意思，为进一步确定用词扫清阅读障碍。如议论文有论点、论据和论证；步确定用词扫清阅读障碍。如议论文有论点、论据和论证；记叙文要抓住时间、地点、人物和事件发生的顺序等。当记叙文要抓住时间、地点、人物和事件发生的顺序等。当然章法也涉及词的用法，如说明文常使用然章法也涉及词的用法，如说明文常使用firstlyfirstly，secondlysecondly，thirdlythirdly等表示举例的词汇；记叙文常有等表示举例的词汇；记叙文常有whenwhen，whowho，wherewhere，howhow，whywhy。不同的文体有不同的行文风格和。不同的文体有不同的行文风格和表达方式，这就是章法特征。表达方式，这就是章法特征。模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 二、句法二、句法 指从句子结构的角度来确定填空思路。例如：指从句子结构的角度来确定填空思路。例如：Humans Humans are responsible for causing changes in the are responsible for causing changes in the environment _ hurt animals and species. environment _ hurt animals and species. 分分析句子结构可知该空引导定语从句修饰析句子结构可知该空引导定语从句修饰changeschanges，且在从，且在从句中作主语，由此可推断此处填句中作主语，由此可推断此处填whichwhich或或thatthat。 三、词法三、词法 是从词性的角度来分析词语与词语、词语与句子成分是从词性的角度来分析词语与词语、词语与句子成分的关联性，从而确定填空思路的一种方法。的关联性，从而确定填空思路的一种方法。模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 四、惯用法四、惯用法 是从词语搭配的角度来决定答案。例如：是从词语搭配的角度来决定答案。例如：More and More and more people have begun to realize the effect of more people have begun to realize the effect of global warm _ the environment. global warm _ the environment. 根据固定搭根据固定搭配配“have an effect on sth”have an effect on sth”可判断该空填可判断该空填onon。 为了提高答题的准确率，在运用以上为了提高答题的准确率，在运用以上“四法四法”的过的过程中，具体要注意如下几点：程中，具体要注意如下几点：模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 1 1根据语法知识进行填充根据语法知识进行填充 【典例典例1 1】 There once were a goat and a There once were a goat and a donkeydonkeySo the farmer killed _ goat and So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 【解析解析】 该空后的该空后的goatgoat在文中第二次提到，特指在文中第二次提到，特指上文提到的上文提到的goatgoat，故该空填定冠词，故该空填定冠词thethe。 【典例典例2 2】 But nothing changed until midterm, But nothing changed until midterm, _ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was _ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our class.appointed to our class. 【解析解析】 该空填该空填whenwhen引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰midtermmidterm。模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 【典例典例3 3】 In short, I believe that it is In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a diary in English_ great use to keep a diary in English 【解析解析】 根据惯用搭配根据惯用搭配“be of be of 抽象名词抽象名词”可判断可判断该空填该空填ofof。 【典例典例4 4】 One of the _ gift choices I One of the _ gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, ever made was for my high school English teacher, which made him very unhappy.which made him very unhappy.模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 【解析解析】 该空根据该空根据“which made him very unhappy”which made him very unhappy”可推断此处应指不好的礼物，但不宜填可推断此处应指不好的礼物，但不宜填badbad，而应根据，而应根据“I I ever made”ever made”判断填其最高级判断填其最高级worstworst。 【典例典例5 5】 animals and plants are disappearing animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _ they have in the past 65 many times faster _ they have in the past 65 million years. million years. 【解析解析】 根据比较级的构成可知该空填根据比较级的构成可知该空填thanthan。模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 2 2根据前后逻辑关系进行填充根据前后逻辑关系进行填充 【典例典例1 1】 _ there was no man to see any _ there was no man to see any of the flights, we can be told by the animals of the flights, we can be told by the animals footprints that fight did take place.footprints that fight did take place. 【解析解析】 根据前后句的让步转折关系，判断该空填根据前后句的让步转折关系，判断该空填Though/AlthoughThough/Although。 【典例典例2 2】 Were all born with exceptional Were all born with exceptional qualities, _ only a few really realize their qualities, _ only a few really realize their true potentials and make efforts in life and the true potentials and make efforts in life and the others just lead an average life.others just lead an average life. 【解析解析】 根据前后句意的转折关系判断该空填根据前后句意的转折关系判断该空填butbut。模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 3 3根据语篇标志进行填充根据语篇标志进行填充 语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位( (句群、段落、句群、段落、篇章等篇章等) )。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为些词为“语篇标志词语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有。如表示结构层次的有first, first, second, third, finallysecond, third, finally等；表示逻辑关系的有等；表示逻辑关系的有thusthus，thereforetherefore，soso等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the wayhowever, but, by the way等。等。“语篇标志词语篇标志词”对迅速对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 【典例典例】 Success is nothing more than a few Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines practiced daily and _ simple disciplines practiced daily and _ is nothing more than a few small errors repeated is nothing more than a few small errors repeated daily.daily. 【解析解析】 根据句中根据句中andand所表示的并列关系可知该空所表示的并列关系可知该空与与successsuccess相对应，故该空填相对应，故该空填failurefailure。 模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 4.4.根据上下文语境进行填充根据上下文语境进行填充 【典例典例】 Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right _was broken. I almost saying that my right _was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?again? 【解析解析】 根据下文根据下文“How would I ever play the How would I ever play the piano againpiano again？”可判断我所受伤的部位是用来弹钢琴的，可判断我所受伤的部位是用来弹钢琴的，由此判断该空填由此判断该空填handhand。模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 5 5根据生活常识进行填充根据生活常识进行填充 【典例典例】 After some time, my mother arrived at After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as _as a sheet, and the hospital, her face as _as a sheet, and gave me a hug. Only then did the doctor begin to gave me a hug. Only then did the doctor begin to stitch(stitch(缝合缝合) my head wound.) my head wound. 【解析解析】 根据后一句可知，我是因伤在医院需动手术；根据后一句可知，我是因伤在医院需动手术；由生活常识可知，动手术前自然害怕，害怕的人自然会脸由生活常识可知，动手术前自然害怕，害怕的人自然会脸色苍白，而且生活中纸也常是白色的，由这些生活常识可色苍白，而且生活中纸也常是白色的，由这些生活常识可判断该空填判断该空填whitewhite。模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 6 6根据文化背景进行填充根据文化背景进行填充 【典例典例】 After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church_.as a church_. 【解析解析】 这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一贫如洗水灾后邓先生一贫如洗了了”。as poor as a church mouse(as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗一贫如洗) )，所以此，所以此处填处填mousemouse。题型探究模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 探究点一实词型填空探究点一实词型填空 完形填空第二节在完形填空第二节在8 8个空之中考查实词运用常为个空之中考查实词运用常为113 3空，常见为动词、名词、形容词、副词和代词。一般空，常见为动词、名词、形容词、副词和代词。一般来说，考查实词之处颇具情景性，即与语境有关，要求来说，考查实词之处颇具情景性，即与语境有关，要求根据上下文逻辑的发展关系进行推断。因此，正确解答根据上下文逻辑的发展关系进行推断。因此，正确解答实词型，弄懂短文大意至关重要。实词型，弄懂短文大意至关重要。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 正确解答实词型填空，一要注意判断词性，即根据正确解答实词型填空，一要注意判断词性，即根据句子的结构和功能，判断是用形容词还是副词；用动词句子的结构和功能，判断是用形容词还是副词；用动词还是名词等。如果修饰名词，前面多用形容词或偶用名还是名词等。如果修饰名词，前面多用形容词或偶用名词或名词所有格作定语；修饰动词或整个句子通常用副词或名词所有格作定语；修饰动词或整个句子通常用副词；作谓语用动词；作主语或宾语通常用名词、代词；词；作谓语用动词；作主语或宾语通常用名词、代词；作系动词的表语通常用形容词而不用副词；作定语用形作系动词的表语通常用形容词而不用副词；作定语用形容词或相当于形容词的短语或分句。二要注意判断词形。容词或相当于形容词的短语或分句。二要注意判断词形。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究即当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是可数名词还是不即当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是可数名词还是不可数名词，是单数名词还是复数名词。形容词要看是用原可数名词，是单数名词还是复数名词。形容词要看是用原级，还是比较级、最高级。如果填的是动词，首先要判断级，还是比较级、最高级。如果填的是动词，首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，谓语动词就要考虑时态和语是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态、语气等；非谓语动词则要考虑是用现在分词、过去分态、语气等；非谓语动词则要考虑是用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式形式，同时也要考虑时态和语态问题。代词词还是不定式形式，同时也要考虑时态和语态问题。代词则要考虑用主格还是宾格等。则要考虑用主格还是宾格等。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例1 1】 Well, its just a waste of time. Well, its just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they cannot _ on their study.it that they cannot _ on their study. 【解析解析】 该空在句中作谓语，且置于情态动词之后，该空在句中作谓语，且置于情态动词之后，由此判断该空填动词原形。根据语境可推断该空填由此判断该空填动词原形。根据语境可推断该空填focusfocus或或concentrateconcentrate。focus/concentrate onfocus/concentrate on意为意为“集中集中”。 【典例典例2 2】 When we look at it as a whole, we When we look at it as a whole, we begin to have some _begin to have some _， which even the best which even the best guidebooks do not answer. guidebooks do not answer. 模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【解析解析】 该空在句中作动词该空在句中作动词havehave的宾语且前面有形的宾语且前面有形容词容词somesome的修饰，由此判断该空填名词的复数形式。根的修饰，由此判断该空填名词的复数形式。根据空后的据空后的“do not answer”do not answer”可推断该空填可推断该空填questionsquestions。 【典例典例3 3】 China is _ than Japan in China is _ than Japan in size.size. 【解析解析】 该空在句中作该空在句中作isis的表语且后有介词的表语且后有介词thanthan，表两者之间的比较，由此判断该空填形容词的比较级。表两者之间的比较，由此判断该空填形容词的比较级。根据常识我们知道，中国在面积上比日本大，故该空填根据常识我们知道，中国在面积上比日本大，故该空填largerlarger。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例4 4】 And yes, if I see the blue flowers And yes, if I see the blue flowers again, you can bet Ill stop and transplant again, you can bet Ill stop and transplant _ to my wildflower garden._ to my wildflower garden. 【解析解析】 该空在句中作动词该空在句中作动词transplanttransplant的宾语，应的宾语，应填名词或代词。如果填名词，根据语境则应填填名词或代词。如果填名词，根据语境则应填the blue the blue flowersflowers，但由于空中只能填一词，故用人称代词宾格，但由于空中只能填一词，故用人称代词宾格themthem填空，代替填空，代替the blue flowersthe blue flowers。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 探究点二虚词型填空探究点二虚词型填空 完形填空第二节考查虚词为主。在完形填空第二节考查虚词为主。在8 8个空之中考查虚词个空之中考查虚词运用的情况多至运用的情况多至5757空，主要考查介词、并列连词、空，主要考查介词、并列连词、itit的的虚指用法、冠词、从句引导词虚指用法、冠词、从句引导词( (即名词性从句、定语从句即名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句的引导词或状语从句的引导词) )。答好虚词型试题要求考生具有较。答好虚词型试题要求考生具有较强的语境推理能力，扎实的语法基础知识，丰富的词汇及强的语境推理能力，扎实的语法基础知识，丰富的词汇及句型搭配和较强的英语语感。句型搭配和较强的英语语感。 具体地说，解答虚词型填空试题的常见技巧如下：具体地说，解答虚词型填空试题的常见技巧如下：模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 1 1如果该空在句中并列连接两个成分或句子，并如果该空在句中并列连接两个成分或句子，并列连接两个词或短语，则用并列连词。常考查的并列列连接两个词或短语，则用并列连词。常考查的并列连词有：连词有： (1) (1)表转折、对比关系的并列连词：表转折、对比关系的并列连词：but, while, but, while, whereaswhereas；表让步转折意义的副词：；表让步转折意义的副词：nevertheless, nevertheless, however, thoughhowever, though，anywayanyway，anyhowanyhow，yetyet。 (2) (2)表因果关系的并列连词：表因果关系的并列连词：so, thusso, thus，for(for(因因为为) )；表示因果意义的副词：；表示因果意义的副词：thereforetherefore。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 (3)(3)表选择关系的并列连词：表选择关系的并列连词：or(or(或者；否则或者；否则), ), eithereitheroror；表选择意义的副词：；表选择意义的副词：otherwiseotherwise。 (4) (4)表并列关系的并列连词：表并列关系的并列连词：and, bothand, bothand, not and, not onlyonlybut also, as well as, neitherbut also, as well as, neithernornor。 (5) (5)表表“就在这时就在这时”的并列连词：的并列连词：whenwhen。 【典例典例1 1】 In some places women are expected In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. raise their children. 模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【解析解析】 句意为：在一些地方，人们期望妇女挣钱而句意为：在一些地方，人们期望妇女挣钱而男士在家操持家务和抚养子女。前后两句之间是对比关系，男士在家操持家务和抚养子女。前后两句之间是对比关系，故填故填whilewhile。 【典例典例2 2】 He found it increasingly difficult to He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. 【解析解析】 因为前后句是因果关系，故填因为前后句是因果关系，故填forfor表表“因因为为”。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例3 3】 You have failed two tests. Youd You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harderbetter start working harder，_you wont _you wont pass the course.pass the course. 【解析解析】 根据语境根据语境“你已有两场考试不及格，你最你已有两场考试不及格，你最好开始加倍努力，否则你通不过这门学科的。好开始加倍努力，否则你通不过这门学科的。”判断填判断填oror。 【典例典例4 4】 Stand over there _ youll be Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better. able to see the oil painting better. 模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【解析解析】 句意为：站在那儿，你能更好地看到这幅句意为：站在那儿，你能更好地看到这幅油画。根据句型油画。根据句型“祈使句祈使句andand简单句简单句”可判断填可判断填andand。 【典例典例5 5】 I had just stepped out of the I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _I heard the steps. towel _I heard the steps. 【解析解析】 句意为：我刚走出浴室正忙于用浴巾擦干句意为：我刚走出浴室正忙于用浴巾擦干身子，就在这时我听到了脚步声。由此判断填身子，就在这时我听到了脚步声。由此判断填whenwhen。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例6 6】 There must be a better way to There must be a better way to test a students true ability as_ as test a students true ability as_ as their knowledge.their knowledge. 【解析解析】 此处此处as well asas well as连接两个并列名词短语连接两个并列名词短语作作testtest的宾语。的宾语。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 2 2如果该空位于如果该空位于“形容词形容词 单数可数名词单数可数名词”之前，之前，考虑用冠词考虑用冠词(a/an/the)(a/an/the)或形容词性物主代词。此外，也要或形容词性物主代词。此外，也要掌握一些有关冠词的固定搭配。掌握一些有关冠词的固定搭配。 【典例典例1 1】 We must not only use our knowledge and We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth_ safe and healthy place where all Earth_ safe and healthy place where all animals and plantsincluding humans ourselvescan animals and plantsincluding humans ourselvescan live. live. 【解析解析】 该空后形容词该空后形容词safesafe和和healthyhealthy所修饰的所修饰的placeplace为单数可数名词，由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处为单数可数名词，由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指，故填表泛指，故填a a。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例2 2】 The little girl pulled _ The little girl pulled _ left hand out of the pocket and took out some left hand out of the pocket and took out some money.money. 【解析解析】 空后为空后为“形容词单数名词形容词单数名词”结构，考虑结构，考虑用冠词或形容词性物主代词。根据句意此处应指小女孩用冠词或形容词性物主代词。根据句意此处应指小女孩的左手，故用的左手，故用herher填空。填空。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 3 3如果该空位于如果该空位于“限定词限定词( (冠词、物主代词、指示代词、冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、数词不定代词、名词所有格、数词) )形容词形容词 名词名词”之前，或之前，或该空位于动词和名词或代词之间，则可考虑用介词。此外也该空位于动词和名词或代词之间，则可考虑用介词。此外也要注意要注意“系动词形容词介词名词或代词系动词形容词介词名词或代词”结构。结构。 【典例典例1 1】 Another simple way to protect your Another simple way to protect your heart at your age is to quit smoking and avoid heart at your age is to quit smoking and avoid breathing _ secondhand smoke. breathing _ secondhand smoke. 【解析解析】 该空位于动词和名词之间，可初步判断该空填该空位于动词和名词之间，可初步判断该空填介词。根据介词。根据“quit smoking”quit smoking”和和“avoid breathing avoid breathing _ secondsmoke”_ secondsmoke”的并列关系可判断，此处指的并列关系可判断，此处指“避避免吸入二手烟免吸入二手烟”，故填，故填inin。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例2 2】 She first painted only to please She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works herself, and then began to sell her works _a little money._a little money. 【解析解析】 该空位于该空位于“a little money”a little money”之前，可初之前，可初步判断填介词。根据语境可判断此处表示出售作品的目步判断填介词。根据语境可判断此处表示出售作品的目的是为了赚钱，故填的是为了赚钱，故填forfor。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 4 4如果该空引导的从句置于句首且整个从句在句中如果该空引导的从句置于句首且整个从句在句中作主语，则考虑用主语从句的引导词；如果该空引导的作主语，则考虑用主语从句的引导词；如果该空引导的从句置于系动词之后，则考虑用表语从句的引导词；如从句置于系动词之后，则考虑用表语从句的引导词；如果该空引导的从句置于动词或介词之后，则考虑用宾语果该空引导的从句置于动词或介词之后，则考虑用宾语从句的引导词，其中考得较多的名词性从句的引导词是从句的引导词，其中考得较多的名词性从句的引导词是what, whatever, that, whether, where, whywhat, whatever, that, whether, where, why。 【典例典例1 1】 _ that team and that school _ that team and that school must do is to admit that it lost.must do is to admit that it lost. 【解析解析】 该空引导的从句在句中作主语，即可判断该空引导的从句在句中作主语，即可判断它引导一个主语从句。根据该空在从句中作它引导一个主语从句。根据该空在从句中作dodo的宾语，的宾语，故填故填whatwhat。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例2 2】 I dont quite understand _ I dont quite understand _ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.are just not confident enough to face the real world. 【解析解析】 该空引导的从句置于动词该空引导的从句置于动词understandunderstand之后且作之后且作understandunderstand的宾语，故可判断它引导一个宾语从句。根据后的宾语，故可判断它引导一个宾语从句。根据后一句的意思可推断我很不明白他们为什么如此着迷于该幼稚一句的意思可推断我很不明白他们为什么如此着迷于该幼稚的游戏，故填的游戏，故填whywhy。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 5 5如果该空引导的从句置于名词之后，则可考虑两种如果该空引导的从句置于名词之后，则可考虑两种情况，一是引导同位语从句，常见的名词有情况，一是引导同位语从句，常见的名词有fact, hope, fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibilitypossibility等，同位语从句补充说明这些名词的内容；等，同位语从句补充说明这些名词的内容；考查引导同位语从句较多的引导词是考查引导同位语从句较多的引导词是that, whetherthat, whether，这，这两个引导词在从句中均不作成分。二是引导定语从句，此两个引导词在从句中均不作成分。二是引导定语从句，此时定语从句修饰或限制它前面的名词，常考查的是关系代时定语从句修饰或限制它前面的名词，常考查的是关系代词词that, which, who, whom, asthat, which, who, whom, as和关系副词和关系副词when, where, when, where, whywhy。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例【典例1 1】 The news _ we won the game is The news _ we won the game is exciting. exciting. 【解析解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词该空引导的从句置于名词newsnews之后且具体说之后且具体说明明newsnews的内容，可判断该空引导同位语从句。由句意可推的内容，可判断该空引导同位语从句。由句意可推断填断填thatthat。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例2 2】 As soon as a child begins school, As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination_ will he enters a world of examination_ will decide his future of job. decide his future of job. 【解析解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词该空引导的从句置于名词examinationexamination之之后并修饰后并修饰examinationexamination，由此推断它引导的是一个定语，由此推断它引导的是一个定语从句。根据其在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，故填从句。根据其在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，故填whichwhich或或thatthat。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 6 6如果该空引导的从句位于句首或位于句末，且前如果该空引导的从句位于句首或位于句末，且前后句之间没有并列连词，此时可考虑用引导状语从句的引后句之间没有并列连词，此时可考虑用引导状语从句的引导词，常考的引导词有：导词，常考的引导词有：because, as, when, before, because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/suchso/suchthatthat等。等。 【典例典例1 1】 _she had not lost her precious _she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more belongs, she could have lost something far more importanther life!importanther life! 【解析解析】 该空引导从句置于句末，且两句之间无并列该空引导从句置于句末，且两句之间无并列连词，可判断该空引导状语从句。根据句意可判断填连词，可判断该空引导状语从句。根据句意可判断填ifif引引导虚拟条件句。导虚拟条件句。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 【典例典例2 2】 Anna Mary Robertson, better known Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”as “Grandma Moses”， turned to painting turned to painting _she was too old to work on her farm._she was too old to work on her farm. 【解析解析】 该空引导从句置于句末，再结合句意可判该空引导从句置于句末，再结合句意可判断它引导一个时间状语从句，故填断它引导一个时间状语从句，故填whenwhen。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 7 7itit的虚指用法主要指的虚指用法主要指itit作形式主语或形式宾语及用作形式主语或形式宾语及用以构成强调句型的用法。其中以构成强调句型的用法。其中itit作形式主语和形式宾语的作形式主语和形式宾语的主要句型如下：主要句型如下： 用用ItIt作形式主语的句型：作形式主语的句型： (1)It is (1)It is adjadj. . to do sth.to do sth. It is difficult to translate this article. It is difficult to translate this article. 翻译这篇文章很难。翻译这篇文章很难。 (2)It is (2)It is adjadj. . for/of sb.for/of sb. to do sth.to do sth. It is important for us to learn English. It is important for us to learn English. 学习英语对我们很重要。学习英语对我们很重要。 Its kind of you to help me. Its kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。你帮助我真是太好了。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 (3)It is up to sb. to do sth.“(3)It is up to sb. to do sth.“应由某人负责应由某人负责”或或“是某人的职责是某人的职责”。 Its up to you to decide whether to take the Its up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.job or not. 接不接受这份工作由你自己定。接不接受这份工作由你自己定。 (4)It is (4)It is adjadj. . thatclausethatclause It is important that we should pay close It is important that we should pay close attention to grain. attention to grain. 关注粮食对我们很重要。关注粮食对我们很重要。 (5)It is (no) good/use/useless (5)It is (no) good/use/useless doing sth.doing sth. It is no use trying again It is no use trying again It is of no use It is of no use to try again. to try again. 再试也没用。再试也没用。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 (6)It is worthwhile (6)It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.doing sth./to do sth. It is worthwhile spending/to spend much time It is worthwhile spending/to spend much time on it. on it. 在这件事上花时间是值得的。在这件事上花时间是值得的。 (7)It happens (7)It happens thatclausethatclause It happened that John was the only witness. It happened that John was the only witness. 碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。 (8)It occurs to/strikes sb. (8)It occurs to/strikes sb.thatclause thatclause 某人某人突然想到突然想到 It suddenly occurred to/struck me that I It suddenly occurred to/struck me that I hadnt seen Peter all day. hadnt seen Peter all day. 我突然想到，我一整天都没看见彼得。我突然想到，我一整天都没看见彼得。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 (9)It is said/reported/announced/ (well) (9)It is said/reported/announced/ (well) knownknownthatthat It is known to us all that he means well. It is known to us all that he means well. 我我们都知道他是好意的。们都知道他是好意的。 (10)It takes sb. some time to do sth. (10)It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took us one month to complete this It took us one month to complete this project.project. 我们花了一个月完成这项工程。我们花了一个月完成这项工程。模块模块 3 3 题型探究题型探究 ItIt作形式宾语的句型作形式宾语的句型 (1) (1)主语主语vtvt.(think/consider/feel/suppose/believe .(think/consider/feel/suppose/believe etc.)etc.) it it adjadj. . to do sth.to do sth. I found it difficult to explain to him what I found it
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